Final Flashcards
What is the angle of reflection
angle of incidence at which the sound beam strikes the interface
speed of the ultrasound wave
velocity
sequence of events occuring at a regular interval
cycle
field farthest from the transducer
Fraunhofer zone
hertz (Hz)
unit for frequency one cycle per second
kilohertz (kHz)
1000 Hz
pulse duration
time interval required for generating the transmitted pulse
field closest to the transducer
fresnel zone
power
rate of energy flow over the entire beam of sound
compression
region of increased particle density
special material in the transducer that has the ability to convert electric impulses into sound waves
PZT crystals
resolution
ability of the transducer to distinguish between two adjacent structures
reduction in amplitude and intensity of a sound wave as it propagates through a medium
attenuation
acoustic impedance
measure of a material’s resistance to sound
name the regions
continuous wave doppler
one transducer continuously transmits sound used in high-velocity flow studies
change in frequency of a reflected wave
doppler shift
measure of strength of the ultrasound signal
gain
sound transmitted and received intermittently
pulse wave doppler
normal transmission of sound through soft tissue
1540 m/s
What information does color doppler provide
blood flow, velocity
When is power doppler used
more sensitive low flow
Describe the morrison’s pouch
area between R liver lobe and R kidney may contain fluid during trauma or asictes
Label
side by side comparison
dual image
What supplies blood to the left lobe of the liver
left portal vein
What button freezes the image and suspends real time imaging
freeze
What is a preset
the intended exam
What do TGCs do
change echo intensity in different sections
What are the functions of the trackball
guide cursor, move through cine loops
What does depth do
increase or decrease the image size depending on how deep it is
What does focus do
helps with lateral resolution
What is the purpose of overall gain
change the echos intensity throughout the image
What is a function of the cine loop
review frames
What converts energy from one form to another
transducer
What does the Aorta bifurcate into
LT and RT common Iliac arteries
Is the Aorta in the midline
no, to the left
describe the cyst
Anechoic, smooth walls and posterior enhancement
words describing an echo free area
anechoic, sonolucent
describe the Morison’s pouch
a right posterior subhepatic space located anterior to the kidney and inferior to the liver where fluid may accumulate
name the abdominal quadrants
describe the area
hypoechoic mass
What control determines the amount of energy transmitted to the patient
power
Where do the portal veins originate from
intestinal tract
The right renal artery passes ____________ to the inferior vena cava (IVC).
posterior
The IVC courses anteriorly to enter the:
right atrium
Which vascular structure is used as a landmark in locating the celiac trunk?
SMA
Relates to the medial and posterior borders or to the pancreatic body and tail?
Splenic vein
What is the main lobar fissure
Bright linear echo between the right and left lobes
describe the portal veins
hepatopetal, have more echogenic borders
What is the portal triad
portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct
What is free fluid in the abdominal called
ascites
What does hepatofugal mean
flow away from the liver
Terms for a echo producing structure
echogenic, hyperechoic
Where do the hepatic veins drain to
IVC
Another name of the ligamentum teres
round ligament
What muscles should be used to lift
legs
Repeated flexion and extension of the wrist may result in
carpal tunnel syndrome
Which one of the following actions should be done to image the near field of the liver?
use curved transducer
Another name for the pancreatic duct is
duct of wirsung
What is a wandering spleen
a spleen that has moved from its normal location
What defines Splenomegaly
a spleen greater than 13cm
The most echogenic portion of the kidney is
sinus
What is the nephron
the unit responsible of the functions of the kidney
What are LFT’s
liver function test
Describe the falciform ligament
extends from the umbilicus to the diaphragm in a sagittal plane and contains the ligamentum teres
What does the ligamentum teres look like sonographically?
Triangular, hyperechoic structure
The spleen lies between the left hemidiaphragm and the
stomach
What does the protective capsule cover the spleen with?
Peritoneum
The major function of the spleen is
to filter peripheral blood
The right adrenal gland is more _____ to the kidney
superior
the left adrenal is more _______ to the kidney.
medial
Where are transplanted kidneys usually placed?
in the pelvis along the iliopsoas margin
What is this called
columns of bertin
What is the fat splitting enzyme of the pancreas
Lipase
When imaging on the sag plane at the level of the liver ,IVC, pancreas and GDA, which of the following enters the LLL?
Portal vein
What are the 3 pancreas laboratory tests?
Amylase, Lipase, Blood Glucose
The Gastroduodenal Artery (GDA) lies at the ________________aspect of the pancreas.
Anterior/Lateral
Which ducts converge to form the CBD?
cystic & common hepatic ducts
Where does the duct of Wirsung merge with the CBD?
ampulla of vater
Where is the most common location of an accessory spleen?
Splenic hilum
what is a cortical bulge that occurs more often on lateral border of the left kidney
dromedary Hump
What does a junctional parenchymal defect look like?
hyperechoic triangle
normal measurement for GB wall
< 3mm
What is an accessory spleen
An anomaly of the spleen, homogenic in appearance, found near the hilum
Identify the image
dromedary hump of the kidney.
Identify the image
junctional parenchymal defect is a triangular area in the upper pole
of the renal parenchyma.
What are fetal lobulations
Surfaces of the kidneys are generally indented in
between the calyces, giving the kidneys a slightly
lobulated appearance.
Characterized by the deposition of a moderate amount of fat in the renal sinus, with parenchymal atrophy is
Sinus Lipomatosis
Describe this defect
Horseshoe kidney, fusion of the lower poles of the kidney
Identify and describe
The gallbladder may fold back on itself at the neck, forming
Hartmann’s pouch
identify
partial septation, complete septation
identify
folding of the fundus (Phrygian cap)
what is a complex cyst
Has characteristics of both a cyst and a solid structure.
what is shadowing
is the reduction in echo amplitude from reflectors that lie behind a strongly reflecting or attenuating structure
What is enhancement
is the strengthening of echoes from reflectors that lie behind a weakly attenuating structure
What are the valves of heister
tiny valves found within the cystic duct
