Final Flashcards by Mona Langer

What is the angle of reflection

angle of incidence at which the sound beam strikes the interface

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speed of the ultrasound wave

velocity

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sequence of events occuring at a regular interval

cycle

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field farthest from the transducer

Fraunhofer zone

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hertz (Hz)

unit for frequency one cycle per second

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kilohertz (kHz)

1000 Hz

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pulse duration

time interval required for generating the transmitted pulse

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field closest to the transducer

fresnel zone

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power

rate of energy flow over the entire beam of sound

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compression

region of increased particle density

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special material in the transducer that has the ability to convert electric impulses into sound waves

PZT crystals

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resolution

ability of the transducer to distinguish between two adjacent structures

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reduction in amplitude and intensity of a sound wave as it propagates through a medium

attenuation

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acoustic impedance

measure of a material’s resistance to sound

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name the regions

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continuous wave doppler

one transducer continuously transmits sound used in high-velocity flow studies

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change in frequency of a reflected wave

doppler shift

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measure of strength of the ultrasound signal

gain

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sound transmitted and received intermittently

pulse wave doppler

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normal transmission of sound through soft tissue

1540 m/s

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What information does color doppler provide

blood flow, velocity

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When is power doppler used

more sensitive low flow

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Describe the morrison’s pouch

area between R liver lobe and R kidney may contain fluid during trauma or asictes

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Label

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side by side comparison

dual image

What supplies blood to the left lobe of the liver

left portal vein

What button freezes the image and suspends real time imaging

freeze

What is a preset

the intended exam

What do TGCs do

change echo intensity in different sections

What are the functions of the trackball

guide cursor, move through cine loops

What does depth do

increase or decrease the image size depending on how deep it is

What does focus do

helps with lateral resolution

What is the purpose of overall gain

change the echos intensity throughout the image

What is a function of the cine loop

review frames

What converts energy from one form to another

transducer

What does the Aorta bifurcate into

LT and RT common Iliac arteries

Is the Aorta in the midline

no, to the left

describe the cyst

Anechoic, smooth walls and posterior enhancement

words describing an echo free area

anechoic, sonolucent

describe the Morison's pouch

a right posterior subhepatic space located anterior to the kidney and inferior to the liver where fluid may accumulate

name the abdominal quadrants

describe the area

hypoechoic mass

What control determines the amount of energy transmitted to the patient

power

Where do the portal veins originate from

intestinal tract

The right renal artery passes ____________ to the inferior vena cava (IVC).

posterior

The IVC courses anteriorly to enter the:

right atrium

Which vascular structure is used as a landmark in locating the celiac trunk?

SMA

Relates to the medial and posterior borders or to the pancreatic body and tail?

Splenic vein

What is the main lobar fissure

Bright linear echo between the right and left lobes

describe the portal veins

hepatopetal, have more echogenic borders

What is the portal triad

portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct

What is free fluid in the abdominal called

ascites

What does hepatofugal mean

flow away from the liver

Terms for a echo producing structure

echogenic, hyperechoic

Where do the hepatic veins drain to

IVC

Another name of the ligamentum teres

round ligament

What muscles should be used to lift

legs

Repeated flexion and extension of the wrist may result in

carpal tunnel syndrome

Which one of the following actions should be done to image the near field of the liver?

use curved transducer

Another name for the pancreatic duct is

duct of wirsung

What is a wandering spleen

a spleen that has moved from its normal location

What defines Splenomegaly

a spleen greater than 13cm

The most echogenic portion of the kidney is

sinus

What is the nephron

the unit responsible of the functions of the kidney

What are LFT's

liver function test

Describe the falciform ligament

extends from the umbilicus to the diaphragm in a sagittal plane and contains the ligamentum teres

What does the ligamentum teres look like sonographically?

Triangular, hyperechoic structure

The spleen lies between the left hemidiaphragm and the

stomach

What does the protective capsule cover the spleen with?

Peritoneum

The major function of the spleen is

to filter peripheral blood

The right adrenal gland is more _____ to the kidney

superior

the left adrenal is more _______ to the kidney.

medial

Where are transplanted kidneys usually placed?

in the pelvis along the iliopsoas margin

What is this called

columns of bertin

What is the fat splitting enzyme of the pancreas

Lipase

When imaging on the sag plane at the level of the liver ,IVC, pancreas and GDA, which of the following enters the LLL?

Portal vein

What are the 3 pancreas laboratory tests?

Amylase, Lipase, Blood Glucose

The Gastroduodenal Artery (GDA) lies at the ________________aspect of the pancreas.

Anterior/Lateral

Which ducts converge to form the CBD?

cystic & common hepatic ducts

Where does the duct of Wirsung merge with the CBD?

ampulla of vater

Where is the most common location of an accessory spleen?

Splenic hilum

what is a cortical bulge that occurs more often on lateral border of the left kidney

dromedary Hump

What does a junctional parenchymal defect look like?

hyperechoic triangle

normal measurement for GB wall

< 3mm

What is an accessory spleen

An anomaly of the spleen, homogenic in appearance, found near the hilum

Identify the image

dromedary hump of the kidney.

Identify the image

junctional parenchymal defect is a triangular area in the upper pole of the renal parenchyma.

What are fetal lobulations

Surfaces of the kidneys are generally indented in between the calyces, giving the kidneys a slightly lobulated appearance.

Characterized by the deposition of a moderate amount of fat in the renal sinus, with parenchymal atrophy is

Sinus Lipomatosis

Describe this defect

Horseshoe kidney, fusion of the lower poles of the kidney

Identify and describe

The gallbladder may fold back on itself at the neck, forming Hartmann’s pouch

identify

partial septation, complete septation

identify

folding of the fundus (Phrygian cap)

what is a complex cyst

Has characteristics of both a cyst and a solid structure.

what is shadowing

is the reduction in echo amplitude from reflectors that lie behind a strongly reflecting or attenuating structure

What is enhancement

is the strengthening of echoes from reflectors that lie behind a weakly attenuating structure

What are the valves of heister

tiny valves found within the cystic duct