Final

Question 1

What are some effects and benefits of stretching?

Answer 1

• increasing flexibility and ROM
• Allowing the body to move more efficiently
• Decreasing the chance of injury
• Invigorating the respiratory, circulatory and lymphatic systems

Question 2

Spring-like response, recoil; the stretched material recovers its pretensile dimensions after the applied load is removed. This is…

Answer 2

Elastic deformation

Question 3

Define Plastic deformation

Answer 3

Putty-like response; the linear deformation produced by the tensile stress remains even after the applied load is removed, resulting in permanent deformation.

Question 4

When a load is applied for an extended period of time, the tissue elongates, and does not return to its original length. This is…

Answer 4

Creep

Question 5

Define overstretch

Answer 5

A stretch well beyond the normal range of motion of a joint and surrounding soft tissue.

Question 6

Adaptive shortening of a muscle or other soft tissues that cross a joint; which results in limitation of ROM. This is…

Answer 6

Contracture

Question 7

Define active inhibition

Answer 7

Inhibition of a muscle by either its own activity, or that of its antagonist

Question 8

For what reasons would endurance exercise be useful?

Answer 8

• for postural mm
• repetitive work activities
• long shift workers

Question 9

Between isometric and isotonic exercise, which is used in the initial stages of rehab?

Answer 9

Isometric exercise

Question 10

For what reasons is isometric exercise used?

Answer 10

• in the initial stages of rehab when jt pain or immobilizing device restricts movement
• when weakness exists at a specific point in the ROM
• when the individual is in a low state of training

Question 11

Isometric strength gains ___ per week everyday over a ___ period

Answer 11

• 5%
• 6-week period

Question 12

Define open kinematic chain exercise give examples.

Answer 12

Movement that occurs with the distal segment of a limb moving freely in space.

Example: bicep curl, leg extension curl

Question 13

Define closed kinematic chain exercise. Give examples.

Answer 13

Movement that occurs with the body moving over the fixed distal segment of a limb.

Example: squat, chin up

Question 14

List strength percentage parameters that should be given to certain populations.

Sedentary, untrained individuals:
Healthy, untrained individuals:
Trained individuals:
Highly trained individuals:

Answer 14

Sedentary, untrained individuals:
30 - 40%
Healthy, untrained individuals: 50 - 70%
Trained individuals: 70 - 80%
Highly trained individuals: >80%

Question 15

What are some modifications for exercises given to PXs with osteoporosis?

Answer 15

• emphasis on endurance exercise, low intensity strength training, core stabilization and balance exercises
• low impact weight bearing activities should be incorporated
• explosive, twisting movements should be avoided
• intensity of program is increased very gradually

Question 16

In the case of inflammation what type of exercise can be done if it does not increase pain levels?

Answer 16

• isometric (mm setting)

Question 17

PROM does NOT…

Answer 17

• prevent muscle atrophy
• increase strength or endurance
• assist circulation to the extent that active muscle contraction does not

Question 18

AROM does NOT

Answer 18

• maintain or increase strength
• develop skill or coordination except in the movement patterns used

Question 19

What is the ROM progression approach?

Answer 19

AROM to the surrounding jts/structures (above and below) to maintain integrity

PROM to the affected jt to maintain and gain ROM

AAROM to the affected jt to maintain and gain control of existing ROM

AROM to the effected jt/structures to maintain, gain, and develop coordination control of existing ROM

AR ROM to the affected jt/structures to maintain or increase strength - strengthening exercises

Question 20

When we breathe in the diaphragm ____, which _____ the intrathoracic pressure and _____ the intra-abdominal pressure.

Answer 20

• Descends
• Decreases
• Increases

Question 21

This occurs when px’s abdomen does not appear to rise as they inhale. This suggests no diaphragm involvement and that secondary breathing mm are being used instead to assist inhalation.

Answer 21

Paradoxical breathing

Question 22

Define apical breathing

Answer 22

Occurs with only slight movement of the diaphragm, using secondary breathing mm.

Question 23

Stabilization is defined as: …

Answer 23

maintaining the spine in a neutral, pain free, stable position through continuous fine adjustments in muscle tension in response to fluctuation loads

Question 24

Describe the core muscular box

Answer 24

• rectus abdominus & transverse abdominus in the front
• perispinals & glutes in the back
• diaphragm as the roof
• pelvic floor and hip girdle as the bottom

Question 25

List the stabilizing mm that control the lumbar spine

5 Global:
4 Segmental:

Answer 25

Global: Rectus abdominus, internal/ external obliques, iliopsoas, QL (lateral fibres), Erector spinae

Segmental: Transverse abdominus, multifidi, QL deep fibres, Deep lateral rotators

Question 26

The deep trunk mm are trained for____ at low level force w/ ____ contractions

Answer 26

• ab bracing
• endurance

Question 27

Co contraction of the transverse abdominus, pelvic floor & multifidi is known as…

Answer 27

Setting the core

Question 28

Which muscles are targeted in YTI exercises?

Answer 28

Y: lower traps
T: middle traps
I: upper traps