Final Flashcards
What are some effects and benefits of stretching?
- increasing flexibility and ROM
- Allowing the body to move more efficiently
- Decreasing the chance of injury
- Invigorating the respiratory, circulatory and lymphatic systems
Spring-like response, recoil; the stretched material recovers its pretensile dimensions after the applied load is removed. This is…
Elastic deformation
Define Plastic deformation
Putty-like response; the linear deformation produced by the tensile stress remains even after the applied load is removed, resulting in permanent deformation.
When a load is applied for an extended period of time, the tissue elongates, and does not return to its original length. This is…
Creep
Define overstretch
A stretch well beyond the normal range of motion of a joint and surrounding soft tissue.
Adaptive shortening of a muscle or other soft tissues that cross a joint; which results in limitation of ROM. This is…
Contracture
Define active inhibition
Inhibition of a muscle by either its own activity, or that of its antagonist
For what reasons would endurance exercise be useful?
- for postural mm
- repetitive work activities
- long shift workers
Between isometric and isotonic exercise, which is used in the initial stages of rehab?
Isometric exercise
For what reasons is isometric exercise used?
- in the initial stages of rehab when jt pain or immobilizing device restricts movement
- when weakness exists at a specific point in the ROM
- when the individual is in a low state of training
Isometric strength gains ___ per week everyday over a ___ period
- 5%
- 6-week period
Define open kinematic chain exercise give examples.
Movement that occurs with the distal segment of a limb moving freely in space.
Example: bicep curl, leg extension curl
Define closed kinematic chain exercise. Give examples.
Movement that occurs with the body moving over the fixed distal segment of a limb.
Example: squat, chin up
List strength percentage parameters that should be given to certain populations.
Sedentary, untrained individuals:
Healthy, untrained individuals:
Trained individuals:
Highly trained individuals:
Sedentary, untrained individuals:
30 - 40%
Healthy, untrained individuals: 50 - 70%
Trained individuals: 70 - 80%
Highly trained individuals: >80%
What are some modifications for exercises given to PXs with osteoporosis?
- emphasis on endurance exercise, low intensity strength training, core stabilization and balance exercises
- low impact weight bearing activities should be incorporated
- explosive, twisting movements should be avoided
- intensity of program is increased very gradually
In the case of inflammation what type of exercise can be done if it does not increase pain levels?
- isometric (mm setting)
PROM does NOT…
- prevent muscle atrophy
- increase strength or endurance
- assist circulation to the extent that active muscle contraction does not
AROM does NOT
- maintain or increase strength
- develop skill or coordination except in the movement patterns used
What is the ROM progression approach?
AROM to the surrounding jts/structures (above and below) to maintain integrity
PROM to the affected jt to maintain and gain ROM
AAROM to the affected jt to maintain and gain control of existing ROM
AROM to the effected jt/structures to maintain, gain, and develop coordination control of existing ROM
AR ROM to the affected jt/structures to maintain or increase strength - strengthening exercises
When we breathe in the diaphragm ____, which _____ the intrathoracic pressure and _____ the intra-abdominal pressure.
- Descends
- Decreases
- Increases
This occurs when px’s abdomen does not appear to rise as they inhale. This suggests no diaphragm involvement and that secondary breathing mm are being used instead to assist inhalation.
Paradoxical breathing
Define apical breathing
Occurs with only slight movement of the diaphragm, using secondary breathing mm.
Stabilization is defined as: …
maintaining the spine in a neutral, pain free, stable position through continuous fine adjustments in muscle tension in response to fluctuation loads
Describe the core muscular box
- rectus abdominus & transverse abdominus in the front
- perispinals & glutes in the back
- diaphragm as the roof
- pelvic floor and hip girdle as the bottom
List the stabilizing mm that control the lumbar spine
5 Global:
4 Segmental:
Global: Rectus abdominus, internal/ external obliques, iliopsoas, QL (lateral fibres), Erector spinae
Segmental: Transverse abdominus, multifidi, QL deep fibres, Deep lateral rotators
The deep trunk mm are trained for____ at low level force w/ ____ contractions
- ab bracing
- endurance
Co contraction of the transverse abdominus, pelvic floor & multifidi is known as…
Setting the core
Which muscles are targeted in YTI exercises?
Y: lower traps
T: middle traps
I: upper traps
