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8th History > Final 150 Part 1 > Flashcards

Final 150 Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Why did Europeans come to America to colonize?

A

Found that it was a good area for growing cash crops

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2
Q

Virginia Company

A

Join-stock company that gained a charter to establish Jamestown

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3
Q

Jamestown

A

Tobacco saved this town because there was no gold or silver there, The House of Burgess was the legislative assembly

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4
Q

John Smith

A

Governor of Jamestown for its 1st 2 years

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5
Q

Pocahontas

A

Daughter of Chief Powhatan, married John Rolfe

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6
Q

John Rolfe

A

Learned how to grow tobacco and sold the first crop in 1614, England. Help Virginia grow because of tobacco and married Pocahontas

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7
Q

Tobacco

A

Saved Jamestown, cash crop for Maryland and Virginia

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8
Q

Bacon’s Rebellion

A

Shown that the settlers were not content with being restricted to the coast

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9
Q

Plymouth Colony

A

Pilgrims Colony

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10
Q

Pilgrims

A

Separatists who came to the colonists for religious freedom, ca,e to America on the Mayflower, their colony was Plymouth

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11
Q

Mayflower

A

Brought Pilgrims to America

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12
Q

Mayflower Compact

A

First agreement for self-government to be created and enforced in America

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13
Q

William Bradford

A

Led the Pilgrims for over 30 years, most famous for writing “Of Plymouth Plantation”

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14
Q

Squanto and Samoset

A

The First Thanksgiving, autumn 1621, with their tribe, Wampanoag, showed the Pilgrims how to grow corn, beans, squash; they also showed them how to hunt and fish

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15
Q

Puritans

A

Were protestants who wanted to reform

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16
Q

Massachusetts Bay Colony

A

In 1629 a group of Puritans from the Massachusetts Bay Company, and the Mass. Bay Colony was their Colony based on the Bible

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17
Q

John Winthrop

A

Massachusetts Bay Colony governor

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18
Q

Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams

A

Both taken to trial over disagreeing with Puritans and were kicked out of Massachusetts, formed Rhode Island

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19
Q

Salem Witch Trials

A

a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts between February 1692 and May 1693

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20
Q

William Penn

A

Founded Pennsylvania, Quaker that wrote their constitution

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21
Q

Quakers

A

Equal in God’s sight, tolerant of other people’s views, pacifists

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22
Q

Pacifists

A

People who refuse to fight in wars or use force

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23
Q

James Oglethorpe’s debtor and buffer colony

A

First governor of Georgia, set up as a buffer state between the stronger English colonies and Spanish attacks and as a place where English debtors and the lower class could get a fresh start

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24
Q

First Great Awakening

A

Religious revival that swept through the colonies

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25
Triangular Trade
System in which slaves, crops, and manufactured goods were traded between Africa, the Caribbean, and the American colonies
26
Poor Richard’s Almanack, Albany Plan of Union and Join or Die Cartoon
All designed by Benjamin Franklin, PRA- a collection of witty sayings, such as "a penny saved is a penny earned", APOU- designed to help the colonies defend themselves from French, JoD- first political cartoon
27
John Peter Zenger Trial
Accused the governor of New York Weekly Journal and was thrown in jail, found not guilty and this helped lead us to freedom
28
Cause of French and Indian War
Failure of the Albany Plan of Union
29
Proclamation of 1763
Great Britain signed, halted western expansion by the settlers west of the Appalachian Mountains to appease the NA's
30
The Sugar Act
Lowered the tax on molasses to try and convince people to stop smuggling in 1764
31
The Stamp Act
Placed a tax on almost all printed material in the Colonies
32
The Boston Massacre
March 5, 1770, used successfully as a propaganda
33
The Boston Tea Party
Midnight December 16, 1773, done as a response to the Tea Act of 1773
34
The Intolerable/Coercive Acts
Harsh laws intended to punish Massachusetts citizens as a reaction to the Boston Tea Party
35
Patrick Henry
Said "I am not a Virginian, but an American"
36
Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty
Secret society formed to protect the rights of the colonists and fight taxation by the British and was founded by Samuel Adams
37
John Hancock
First to sign DoL
38
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
Paine believes that the colonies should be a refuge from tyrants and prosecutions
39
Declaration of Independence – Year, location, author, significance
July 4, 1776, Philadelphia, Thomas Jefferson, explain why the colonies chose to form a new nation
40
Cause of American Revolutionary War
British made American colonies pay a large share of the war debt from the French and Indian War
41
Loyalists
Colonists still loyal to GB
42
Patriots
GB relied on Hessians to fill their army
43
Battles of Lexington and Concord
Caused American Revolutionary War
44
Battle of Saratoga
Turning point of the American Revolutionary War
45
Winter at Valley Forge
A time of terrible suffering without decent food, clothing, or shelter for Washington and his troops
46
Battle of Yorktown
Last major battle of the American Revolution
47
Benedict Arnold
Hero of the Battle of Saratoga
48
Lead commander of the Patriots troops in the war
George Washington
49
Marquis de La Fayette
Believed that the future of America had a great influence on the future of mankind
50
Friedrich von Steuben
Drilled troops at valley forge
51
Francis Marion
Swamp Fox, father of guerrilla warfare, helped Patriots defend South
52
guerrilla warfare
Hit and run War technique
53
Treaty of Paris 1783
GB recognized the Us as an independent nation, September 3, 1783
54
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Created one territory out of the lands North of the Ohio River and East of the Mississippi River
55
Articles of Confederation
Provided a central government where the states gave up little power
56
Shays’ Rebellion
Uprising by Massachusetts farmers to fight the government on poor farmers
57
The Great Compromise
Established the model for Congress used to this day
58
The 3/5 Compromise
Allowed Southern states to gain more delegates in the House of Representatives
59
The US Constitution – Father of, year, and purpose
James Madison, 1787, establish federal government
60
Bill of Rights
1st ten amendments of Constitution
61
1st Amendment
Guarantees freedom of speech, religion, assembly, press, petition of government
62
2nd Amendment
Right to own firearms
63
4th Amendment
Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures without probable cause
64
5th Amendment
Due process of law
65
6th Amendment
Right to a speedy, public trial by an impartial jury
66
Three Branches of Government and their purpose
L- makes laws J- process law E- carries out
67
Whiskey Rebellion
Civil uprising against the taxing power of the federal government
68
Alexander Hamilton
Proposed a plan that would have the federal government take care of the state debts from the war
69
Alien and Sedition Acts
A- allowed President to deport aliens S- crime to speak or write false criticisms to try and weaken government
70
John Sevier
Founding farther of Tennessee
71
Natchez Trace
Network of trails
72
Marbury v Madison
Landmark court case that established judicial review
73
Judicial review
Court can nullify actions of other branches
74
McCulloch v Maryland
States rights

8th History (17 decks)

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