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8th History > Final 150 Part 1 > Flashcards

Final 150 Part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Loyalists

A
  • Colonists still loyal to GB, also called Tories

- About 20% were colonists

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2
Q

Battles of Lexington and Concord

A
  • The battle at Lexington is where minutemen fired the “ shot heard ‘round the world”.
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3
Q

Battle of Saratoga- 1777

A
  • was the turning point of the war

- after, France &Spain becomes allies of the colonies

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4
Q

Winter at Valley Forge

A
  • a time of terrible suffering without decent food, clothing, shelter, for Washington and his troops
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5
Q

Battle of Yorktown

A
  • the lost major battle of the American Revolution
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6
Q

Benedict Arnold

A
  • ask to be charged of West Point
  • America found papers that revealed the plot
  • lived rest of his life in England with his wife
  • Name in America is known as traitor
  • the hero of the Battle of Saratoga
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7
Q

Lead commander of the Patriots troops in the war

A

George Washington

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8
Q

Why did Europeans come to America to colonize?

A
  • Charter

- King James 1

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9
Q

Virginia Company

A
  • a joint-stock company that gained a charter to establish Jamestown
  • Joint Stock company- investors buy stock to help set the settlement up and once profits are reached, the investors get a % of money
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10
Q

Jamestown

A
  • First settlement

- women were a main part in order to grow Jamestown

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11
Q

John Smith

A
  • governor of Jamestown for 1st 2 years
  • Great leader
  • Became a good relationship with Chief Powhatan
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12
Q

Pocahontas

A
  • was well known for saving John Smith

- she dies of a virus/disease

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13
Q

John Rolfe

A
  • learned how to grow tobacco in 1614

- married Pocahontas

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14
Q

Tobacco

A
  • saved Jamestown

- allowed for Virginia to grow and prosper

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15
Q

Bacon’s Rebellion

A
  • had shown that the settlers were not content with being restricted to the coast
  • more land opened up for the settlement
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16
Q

Plymouth Colony

A
  • colony of the pilgrims
  • they followed the mayflower compact
  • they planned to go to New York but didn’t quite land
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17
Q

Pilgrims

A
  • separists who came to the colonies for religious freedom
  • wanted to leave and set up their own churches
  • came to America on the Mayflower on September 1620
  • during 1st winter 50% of them died
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18
Q

Mayflower

A
  • a boat that the pilgrims came to America on
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19
Q

William Bradford

A
  • led pilgrims for over 30 years
  • made thanksgiving a tradition
  • wrote “Of Plymouth Plantation”
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20
Q

Squanto and Samoset

A
  • 2 Native Americans
  • befriended some pilgrims showed them how to grow corn, beans, and squash
  • showed them where to hunt and fish
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21
Q

Puritans

A
  • the people were being perused back in England and leave
  • strict
  • Protestants who wanted to reform
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22
Q

Massachusetts Bay Colony

A
  • puritans formed it

- was their colony based on the Bible

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23
Q

John Winthrop

A
  • was the groups governor
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24
Q

Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams

A
  • were both taken to trial over disagreeing with the puritans and were kicked out of Massachusetts
  • they formed Rhode Island
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25
Q

Salem Witch Trials

A
  • were a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft were many who were falsely accused, were killed
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26
Q

William Penn

A
  • founded Pennsylvania

- Quaker that wrote their constitution

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27
Q

Mayflower Compact

A
  • what pilgrims followed
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28
Q

Quakers

A
  • everyone has an “ inner light” to lead them to salvation
  • everyone is equal in God’s sight
  • believe in a direct experience with God
  • were tolerant of other people’s views
  • pacifists - people who refuse to fight or use force
  • called “ city of brotherly love”
  • differed from others because of treatment to women and Native Americans
29
Q

Pacifists

A
  • Pacifists- people who refuse to fight or use force
30
Q

James Oglethorpe’s debtor and buffer colony

A
  • set up Georgia
  • the first governor of Georgia
  • set up as a buffer state
  • where English debaters and the lower class people to have a chance to get a fresh start
31
Q

Triangular Trade

A
  • was a system in which slaves, crops, and manufactured goods were traded between Africa, the Caribbean, and the American colonies
32
Q

Poor Richard’s Almanack, Albany Plan of Union and Join or Die Cartoon

A
  • wrote by Ben Franklin a collection of sayings
  • called for one general government for the 13 colonies
  • designed by Ben Franklin to defend themselves from the French
  • very first political cartoon
33
Q

John Peter Zenger Trial

A
  • accused to governor of NY of corruption in the NY Weekly Journal was thrown in Jail
  • In court, Zenger was found not guilty and this helped lead us to freedom of the press
34
Q

Cause of French and Indian War

A
  • France and Great Britain each want to gain an upper hand on the other country in Modern America
  • the most important are France and Great Britain would fight over was the Ohio River Valley
  • because they wanted to control the fur trade
35
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A
  • Great Britain signs, which halted western expansion by the settlers west of the Appalachian Mountains to appease the Native Americans
  • aren’t happy
  • some already bought land and couldn’t use it
36
Q

The Sugar Act

A
  • lowered the tax on molasses to try and convince people to stop smuggling in 1764
  • British officers were allowed to seize goods from smugglers without going to court
  • it contradicts the British law of “ innocent until proven guilty “
37
Q

The Stamp Act

A
  • placed a tax on almost all printed materials in the colonies
  • Patrick Henry tried to take action against the act and is the most anti British political action from the colonist up to this point
38
Q

The Boston Massacre

A
  • a fight breaks out between townspeople and British soldiers
  • after one British soldier gets knocked down. Another fires upon the crowd. Then the crowd disappears
  • 5 people killed
    Propaganda- information designed to influence opinions
39
Q

The Boston Tea Party

A
  • a group of colonists led by the sons of liberty board on east India trading company ship when it is set to be unloaded and they destroyed the tea by throwing it in to the Boston Harbor
  • done as response to the tea act of 1773
40
Q

The Intolerable/Coercive Acts

A
  • harsh laws intended to punish Massachusetts citizens as a reaction to the Boston Tea Party
  • called the coercive acts in England
41
Q

Patrick Henry

A
  • said “ I am not a Virginian, but an American”

- the colonies were then alerted to prepare for war

42
Q

John Hancock

A
  • first person to sign the Declaration of Independence
43
Q

Thomas Paine’s Common Sense

A

He called for the colonies to have complete independence from Great Britain
- believes that the colonies should be a refuge from tyrants and persecution

44
Q

Declaration of Independence – Year, location, author, significance

A
  • 1776
  • Independence Hall in Philadelphia
  • Thomas Jefferson
  • was to explain why the colonies chose to from a new nation
45
Q

Marquis de La Fayette

A
  • believed that the future of America had a great influence on the future of mankind
46
Q

Friedrich von Steuben

A
  • drilled the troops at Valley Forge
  • a Prussian, born officer, is credited with teaching the Continental Army the essentials of military drill and discipline
47
Q

Francis Marion

A
  • was also known as the Swamp Fox

- he is considered the father of guerilla warfare

48
Q

guerrilla warfare

A
  • a hit and run technique
49
Q

Treaty of Paris 1783

A
  • Great Britain recognized the US as an independent nation
50
Q

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

A
  • created one territory out of the lands North or the Ohio River and East of the Mississippi River
  • it influenced a bill of rights of the settlers and was the first attempt in US history to stop the spread of slavery
51
Q

Articles of Confederation

A
  • 1st Constitution
  • no executive or judicial branch
  • each state had one vote in congress
  • was unsuccessful because the government that was provided wasn’t strong enough to support the problems of the country
52
Q

Shays’ Rebellion

A
  • was an uprising by Massachusetts farmers to fight the governments taxes on poor farmers
  • shows we need a stronger central government
  • people believed the government wasn’t strong enough
53
Q

The Great Compromise

A
  • established the model for congress used to this day
54
Q

The 3/5 Compromise

A
  • allowed southern states to count slaves as 3/5 of one free person for representation
  • this compromise would allow the southern states to gain more delegates in the House Of Reps.
55
Q

The US Constitution – Father of, year, and purpose

A
  • James Madison
  • 1787
  • to confirm a final supreme law of the land
56
Q

Bill of Rights

A
  • The first 10 changes to the constitution

- was created to limit the power of the government and protect the right of the individuals

57
Q

1st Amendment

A
  • guarantees freedom of speech, religion, assembly, press, and petition the government
58
Q

2nd Amendment

A
  • citizens have the right to have firearms
59
Q

4th Amendment

A
  • protects against unreasonable searches and seizures without probable cause
60
Q

5th Amendment

A
  • natural rights can not be deprived without process of law
  • is important for people accused of committing crimes because you have the right to not give self incriminating evidence
61
Q

6th Amendment

A
  • you have the right to a speedy public trial by an impartial jury
62
Q

Three Branches of Government and their purpose

A
  • Legislative- law making, congress, senate, House of Representatives
  • Executive- carries out the laws, the president can veto
  • Judicial- interprets laws and declares laws or presidential acts unconstitutional, Supreme Court and federal courts
  • their are 9 justices on the Supreme Court
63
Q

Whiskey Rebellion

A
  • a civil uprising against the taxing power of the federal government
  • Washington proves that if citizens want to change the law they had to do so peacefully though constitutional means
64
Q

Alexander Hamilton

A
  • the southern states were against this plan because they owed less than the northern states and would have to pay more than their fair share to compensate
65
Q

Alien and Sedition Acts

A
  • allowed president to deport aliens
  • a crime to speak or write false criticisms to try and weaken the government
  • this contradicts with the first amendment
66
Q

Marbury v Madison

A
  • was the landmark court case that established judicial review
  • judicial review means the court can nullify actions of other branches
  • this was the first time the Supreme Court decided something was unconstitutional
67
Q

Judicial review

A
  • means the court can nullify actions of other branches
68
Q

McCulloch v Maryland

A
  • Supreme Court case over states rights
  • the state of Maryland imposed a tax over a branch of the 2nd bank of the US- a federal institution
  • Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that Maryland had no right to tax the bank because it was a federal institution and the court didn’t want states to have that much power over the national government

8th History (18 decks)

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