Final 150. Flashcards
1
Q
Why did Europeans come to America to colonize?
A
After Jamestown they came for religious purposes.
2
Q
Virginia Company
A
A joint stock company that gained a charter to establish Jamestown.
3
Q
Jamestown
A
After Roanoke,
4
Q
John Smith
A
He was the governor of Jamestown for two years.
5
Q
Pocahontas
A
Pocahontas saved John Smith and married John Rolfe.
6
Q
John Rolfe
A
Who married Pocahontas and learned to grow tobacco and sold it in England,1614.
7
Q
Tobacco
A
The crop that saved Jamestown. The cash crop for Maryland and Virginia.
8
Q
Bacon’s Rebellion
A
Nathaniel Bacon showed that the settlers were not content with being restricted to the coast.
9
Q
Pilgrims
A
Separatists who came to the colonies for religious freedom.
10
Q
Mayflower
A
Pilgrims traveled on the mayflower to come to America.
11
Q
Mayflower Compact
A
The first governing document of the Plymouth colony.
12
Q
William Bradford
A
The first leader of the pilgrims and wrote the book of Plymouth Plantation.
13
Q
Squanto and Samoset
A
Two people that showed the pilgrims how to grow crops, where to hunt, and fish.
14
Q
Puritans
A
Protestants who wanted to reform.
15
Q
Massachusetts Bay Colony
A
A Puritan society that was based on the Bible.
16
Q
John Winthrop
A
The governor of the Massachusetts Bay colony.
17
Q
Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams
A
Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson were both taken to trial over disagreeing with Puritans and we’re taking out of Massachusetts. They formed Rhode Island.
18
Q
Salem Witch Trials
A
A series of hearings and prosecutions of people were accused of witchcraft were many who falsely accused were killed.
19
Q
William Penn
A
A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania and wrote their Constitution.
20
Q
Quakers
A
They were tolerant of other people’s views, pacifists, and they differed from most other groups in this time because of positive treatment towards women and Native American.
21
Q
Pacifists
A
People who refuse to fight in wars or use force.
22
Q
James Oglethorpe’s debtor and buffer colony
A
James founded Georgia as a place for debtors and lower class men to get a new start.
23
Q
First Great Awakening
A
A religious revival that swept through the colonies.
24
Q
Triangular Trade
A
A system in which slaves, crops, and manufactured goods were traded between Africa, the Caribbean, and the American colonies.
25
Poor Richard’s Almanack, Albany Plan of Union and Join or Die Cartoon
Benjamin Franklin wrote Poor Richards Almanack, full of sayings. Albany Plan of Union- Called for one general government for the 13 colonies. Designed to help the colonies defend themselves from the French. Join or die- First political cartoon.
26
John Peter Zenger Trial
Accused the governor of New York of corruption in the New York weekly journal.
27
Cause of French and Indian War
French and Britain both want to gain an upper hand. They fought over the Ohio Valley River because they wanted to control the fur trade here.
28
Proclamation of 1763
Halted western expansion by the settlers west of the Appalachian Mountains.
29
The Sugar Act
Lowered the tax on molasses to try and convince people to stop smuggling.
30
The Stamp Act
Placed a tax on almost all printed material in the colonies.
31
The Boston Massacre
A fight breaks out between townspeople and British soldiers. 5 were killed.
32
The Boston Tea Party
A group of colonists led by the Sons of Liberty board an East India trading company ship when it is set to be unloaded and they destroy the tea by throwing it into the Boston Harbor.
33
The Intolerable/Coercive Acts
Harsh laws intended to punish Massachusetts citizens as a reaction to the Boston Tea Party.
34
Patrick Henry
He said "I am not Virginian, it an American."
35
Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty
Samuel Adams founded the Sons of Liberty. Sons of Liberty-a secret society formed to protect the rights of the colonists.
36
John Hancock
The first person the sign the Declaration of Independence.
37
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
He called for the colonies to have complete independence from Great Britain and he believes that the colonies should be at the refuge from tyrants and persecution.
38
Declaration of Independence – Year, location, author, significance
Thomas Jefferson, Philadelphia, 1176, the purpose was to explain why the colonies chose to form a new nation.
39
Cause of American Revolutionary War
.
40
Loyalists
Didn't think these taxes were enough of a reason to fight (colonists for Britain). Colonists still loyal to Great Britain.
41
Patriots
Determined to fight until independence was won (Colonists for America). Fought for their own land.
42
Battles of Lexington and Concord
Lexington- minutemen fired "the shot heard around the world"
| Concord-
43
Battle of Saratoga
Turning point of the war.
44
Winter at Valley Forge
A time of terrible suffering without decent food,clothing, or shelter for Washington and his troops.
45
Battle of Yorktown
The last major battle of the American Revolution.
46
Benedict Arnold
He was the hero of Yorktown.
47
Lead commander of the Patriots troops in the war
Hessians?
48
Marquis de La Fayette
Believed that the future of America had a great influence on the future of mankind.
49
Friedrich von Steuben
A Prussian born officer is credited with teaching the Continental Army the essentials of military drill and discipline.
50
Francis Marion
The father of guerrilla warfare, he was also known as the Stamp Fox.
51
guerrilla warfare
A hit and run war technique.
52
Treaty of Paris 1783
It ended the war. Great Britain recognized the United States as an independent nation.
53
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Created one territory out of the lands North of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi. It included a bill of rights for the settlers and was the first attempt in the United States history to stop the spread of slavery.
54
Articles of Confederation
Each state had one vote in congress. It was unsuccessful because the government it provided was the strong enough to handle all of the problems of the country.
55
Shays’ Rebellion
An uprising by Massachusetts farmers to fight the government taxes on poor farmers. It revealed the need for a stronger central government.
56
The Great Compromise
Established the model for congress used to this day.
57
The 3/5 Compromise
It allowed Southern states as 3/5 of one free person for representation.
58
The US Constitution – Father of, year, and purpose
The father was James Madison, 1776, the constitution is now the supreme law of the land.
59
Election of 1800
John Adams vs. Thomas Jefferson
60
Louisiana Purchase
France sells the territory for $15 million. Doubled the size of the United States and a group of Federalists threatened to secede from the Union over the purchase.
61
Lewis and Clark Expedition
Lewis and Clark were sent on an expedition to explore this territory and find its resources.
62
Impressment and the attack of the Chesapeake
Impressment-the Act of forcing Americans to serve in the British Navy. The United States Ship the Chesapeake was intercepted by the British vessel demanding to search for dissenters.
63
War Hawks from the War of 1812
War Hawks were people who pushed for war with Great Britain such as Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun.
64
War of 1812 – DC burned, Fort McHenry, Battle of New Orleans
The Impressment of soldiers and attack in the Chesapeake are the causes of the War of 1812.British forces were able to march into Washington DC and burned the capital and presidents mansions down. Fort McHenry-the British attacked the Fort at the entrance to Baltimore Harbor. The Battle of New Orleans was a decisive victory for the United States and made Andrew Jackson a household name.
65
The Star Spangled Banner
After the Fort McHenry bombardment Francis Scott Key was inspired to write the song "The Star-Spangled Banner".
66
Monroe Doctrine
An important part of American foreign policy instantly.
67
Irish Potato Famine’s relationship to Immigration
...
68
Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s convention
A women's convention that dealt with women's suffrage.
69
Industrial Revolution
The change from an agrarian society to one based an industry.
70
Capitalism
Individuals put the capital into a business in hopes of making a profit.
71
Free Enterprise System
People are free to buy, sell, and produce what they want and can't work where they wish.
72
Supply and Demand
Prices/cost is set by supply and demand in a free enterprise system.
73
Number One Crop in the South in the 1800’s
Cotton?
74
Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin – what it did and why that was important
....
75
Urban vs Rural
Urban=City
| Rural=Country
76
Wilderness Road
The route to Kentucky from the Atlantic coast, it aided the early exploration of Tennessee because it made passing through the mountains easier and opened the door for more settlement.
77
Daniel Boone
A long hunter, an American wilderness explorer for at least 6 months at a time.
78
Cumberland Gap
Allowed for a path to be created that made passing through the Appalachian Mountains easier.
79
The Corrupt Bargain
The speaker of the house, Henry Clay, meets with John Adams and agrees to use his influence to help Adams get the vote in the House of Representatives. John Quincy Adams wins the election of 1824. After the Corrupt Bargain, the Democratic Republican Party splits up.
80
Andrew Jackson – spoils system, fight with the bank
Jackson tried to kill the bank by withdrawing all federal funds from the national bank and placing them in smaller state banks. As a result of this nation went into a depression.
81
Indian Removal Act
Act passed by Congress in order to relocate Native Americans.
82
Trail of Tears
Relocation and movement of Cherokee from Georgia to Oklahoma.
83
Sequoyah
Known for creating the written Cherokee Language.
84
William Henry Harrison’s Presidency
Tippecanoe and Tyler Too. Gave inauguration speech that lasted into 2 hours. Died of phenomena shortly after Presidency lasted 32 days.
85
Manifest Destiny
Belief that America should extend its borders all the way to the Pacific Ocean.
86
Texas Rebellion
.....
87
The Alamo – battle significance
Santa Anna's vs. Travis' Texans
88
Davy Crockett
The backwoods man from Tennessee who volunteered fight at Alamo
89
Oregon Trail
.
90
James K Polk – President that fulfilled what?
James K. Polk was determined to gain NM and CA because of trade,creating a clear passageway to the Pacific Ocean and Manifest Destiny.
91
Mexican War – Border dispute, Mexican Cession
US believes the Texas border is the Rio Grande River and Mexico believes the bored is the Nueces River. Mexican Cession- Ceded California and New Mexico and in return the US gave them $15 million.
92
John Sutter and the California Gold Rush
John Sutter- obtained land in California. He was the 1st to discover a gold nugget in his property. The California Gold Rush more than doubled the worlds supply of Gold. The Gold Rush ended in a few years by had long lasting effects on California's economy.
93
Brigham Young
Led Mormons to the Great Salt Lake Area.
94
The Missouri Compromise of 1820
The Missouri Compromise preserve the balance between the North and the South.
95
John Brown
A violent abolitionist that believed God had chosen him to end slavery.
96
Harriett Tubman
A famous conductor and escaped slabs who helped many other slaves escape through the Underground Railroad.
97
Underground Railroad
A network of escape routes out of the South for enslaved people.
98
Frederick Douglass
Most well known abolitionist. Wrote the North Star. He beloved the injustice of slavery broke American ideals of slavery. With the help of his friends in 1847 he bought his freedom.
99
Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin
A novel that explored the issues of slavery.
100
Fugitive Slave Act
Required all citizen to catch runaway slaves in 1850. Anyone who aided a fugitive save could be fined or imprisoned. This angered the North.
101
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Increased the amount of territory open to slaveholding in the U.S.
102
Bleeding Kansas
The first territory to have blood shed over slavery.
103
Sumner-Brooks Incident
Senator Charles sumner lashed out at Andrew P. Butler and Butler's cousin, Rep. Preston Brooks hits Sumner with his cane.
