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8th Grade History > Final 150 > Flashcards

Final 150 Flashcards

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1
Q

Why did Europeans come to America to colonize?

A

Escape religious persecution

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2
Q

Virginia Company

A

Joint stock company that gained a charter to establish Jamestown

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3
Q

Jamestown

A

Town where the Virginia company was because it was easy to defend but lacked in good farm land

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4
Q

John Smith

A

Governor for the first 2 years. Built strong relation with native Americans

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5
Q

Pocahontas

A

Married John Rolfe, Saved John Smiths life

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6
Q

John Rolfe

A

First to learn to grow tobacco, married chief Powhatans daughter , Pocahontas

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7
Q

Tobacco

A

Helped Virginia to grow and prosper

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8
Q

Bacon’s Rebellion

A

..

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9
Q

Plymouth Colony

A

Plymouth, the colony of the Pilgrims.

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10
Q

Pilgrims

A

separatists who came to the colonies for religious freedom.

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11
Q

Mayflower

A

Pilgrims came to America on the Mayflower

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12
Q

Mayflower Compact

A

a document that provided the laws and helped develop gov’ts in America.

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13
Q

William Bradford

A

The Pilgrims were led by William Bradford for over 30 years.
●Bradford is responsible for designating the Thanksgiving holiday in American culture.
●Bradford is most famous for writing Of Plymouth Plantation that described the lives of the colonists from 1621 to 1646. Here he drew parallels between their lives and events of the Bible.

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14
Q

Squanto and Samoset

A

During the 1st spring two Native Americans Squanto and Samoset befriended some Pilgrims and showed them how to grow corn, beans, and squash. They also showed them where to hunt and fish.

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15
Q

Massachusetts Bay Colony

A

In 1629 a group of Puritans form the Massachusetts Bay Company, and the Mass. Bay Colony was their colony based on the Bible.

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16
Q

John Winthrop

A

John Winthrop was the group’s governor and led many to modern day Boston to live.

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17
Q

Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams

A

●Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson were both taken to trial over disagreeing with Puritans and were kicked out of Massachusetts. They formed Rhode Island.

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18
Q

Salem Witch Trials

A

The Salem Witch Trials were a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft where many who were falsely accused, were killed.

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19
Q

WILLIAM Penn

A

Pennsylvania Colony founded by William Penn, a Quaker that wrote their constitution.

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20
Q

Quakers

A

Quakers were tolerant of other people’s views. Very different from Puritans.
●They were also pacifists – people who refuse to fight in wars or use force.

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21
Q

Pacifists and separatists

A

Puritans – Protestants who wanted reform.

●Separatists – Wanted to leave and set up their own churches.

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22
Q

James Oglethorpe’s debtor and buffer colony

A

1st Governor of Georgia

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23
Q

First Great Awakening

A

The First Great Awakening (sometimes Great Awakening) or Evangelical Revival was a series of Christian revivals that swept Britain and its American Colonies between the 1730s and 1740s. The revival movement had a permanent impact on Protestantism as adherents strove to renew individual piety and religious devotion.

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24
Q

Triangular Trade

A

The Triangular Trade was a system in which slaves, crops, and manufactured goods were traded between Africa, the Caribbean, and the American colonies

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25
Q

Poor Richard’s Almanack, Albany Plan of Union and Join or Die Cartoon

A

PRA- a book of witty sayings by Thomas Jefferson
APU-made by Benjamin Franklin for united colonial government
J or d-Join, or Die is a political cartoon, drawn by Benjamin Franklin and first published in his Pennsylvania Gazette on May 9, 1754. The original publication by the Gazette is the earliest known pictorial representation of colonial union produced by a British colonist in America.

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26
Q

John Peter Zenger Trial

A

JPZ accused NY mayor of corruption of the New York weekly journal

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27
Q

Cause of French and Indian War

A

Fight over land area such as Ohio river. Wanted to control fur trade

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28
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A

Ends French and Indian war

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29
Q

The Sugar Act

A

Lowered tax on molasses to try and convince people to stop smuggling

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30
Q

Stamp Act

A

Placed tax on almost all printed material in the south

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31
Q

The Boston Massacre

A

Fight between towns people and British soldiers only 5 people died

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32
Q

The Boston Tea Party

A

Colonists dumped lots of tea off a east India trading company ship in hopes to destroy it

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33
Q

The Intolerable/Coercive Acts

A

Harsh laws intended to punish Massachusetts citizens asa relation to the Boston tea party

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34
Q

Patrick Henry

A

Said” I’m not a Virginian but an American”

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35
Q

Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty

A

Samuel Adams started it. They protested the stamp act

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36
Q

John Hancock

A

1st person to sign the Declaration of Independence

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37
Q

Thomas Paine’s Common Sense

A

A pamphlet. He called for the colonies to have complete independence

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38
Q

Declaration of Independence – Year, location, author, significance

A

1776, Philadelphia, Thomas Jefferson, explain how the colonies chose to form a new nation

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39
Q

Cause of American Revolutionary War

A

The British government decided to make the American colonies pay a large share of the war debt from the French and Indian War. Through the Sugar Act, Stamp Act, and other taxes, the British tried to collect taxes that the American people considered harsh.

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40
Q

Loyalists

A

Didn’t think the taxes were enough of a reason to fight

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41
Q

Patriots

A

Determined to fight until independence was won

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42
Q

Battles of Lexington and Concord

A

..

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43
Q

Battle of Saratoga

A

Turning point of the war

44
Q

Winter at Valley Forge

A

A time of suffering without clothes or food for washingtons troops

45
Q

Battle of Yorktown

A

Last major war

46
Q

Benedict Arnold

A

Hero of the Battle of Saratoga

47
Q

Lead commander of the Patriots troops in the war

A

..

48
Q

Marquis de La Fayette

A

Believed the future of America affected the future of mankind

49
Q

Friedrich von Steuben

A

Drilled troops at valley forge

50
Q

Francis Marion

A

Swamp fox-father of guerilla warfare

51
Q

guerrilla warfare

A

Hit and run war technique

52
Q

Treaty of Paris 1783

A

Ended revolutionary war

53
Q

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

A

Created one territory out of the lands north of the Ohio river and east of the Mississippi River

54
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

Military and political Alliance to protect the colonies against native America attacks

55
Q

Shays’ Rebellion

A

Uprising by Massachusetts farmers to fight the governments taxes on poor farms

56
Q

The Great Compromise

A

..

57
Q

The 3/5 Compromise

A

Allowed southern states to allow slaves as 3/5 of one free person

58
Q

The US Constitution – Father of, year, and purpose

A

James Madison, 1787, and supreme law of the land

59
Q

Bill of Rights

A

1st 10 amendments to the constitution

60
Q

1st Amendment

A

Freedom of speech, religion, assembly, press and petition of the government

61
Q

2

nd Amendment

A

RIGHT FOR CITIZENS TO BEAR ARMS

62
Q

4th amendment

A

Protects against unreasonable search and seizure without probable cause

63
Q

5th amend

A

Due process of law

64
Q

6th amend

A

Right to a speedy public trial by an impartial jury

65
Q

Three Branches of Government and their purpose

A

Legislative-law making
Executive- carries out laws
Judicial- interprets laws

66
Q

Whiskey Rebellion

A

A civil uprising against the taxing power of national gov’t

67
Q

Alexander Hamilton

A

Proposed a plan that would have federal gov’t take care of the state debts from war

68
Q

Alien and Sedition Acts

A

Alien- allowed president to deport aliens

Sedition- a crime to speak or write false criticism to try and weaken the government

69
Q

John Sevier

A

First governor of TN

70
Q

Natchez Trace

A

Became an important route for trade between Mississippi and Nashville

71
Q

Marbury v Madison

A

Landmark court case that established judicial review

72
Q

Judicial review

A

The court can nullify actions of other branches

73
Q

McCulloch v Maryland

A

Supreme Court case over states rights

74
Q

Election of 1800

A

John Adams vs. Thomas Jefferson
Ended up being determined by house of reps
Thomas Jefferson won

75
Q

Louisiana Purchase

A

France sells territory for $15 million

76
Q

Lewis and Clark Expedition

A

Were sent on an expedition to explore this Territory and find resources

77
Q

Impressment and the attack of the Chesapeake

A

Intercepted by a British vessel demanding to search for dissenters
Causes of war of 1812

78
Q

War Hawks from the War of 1812

A

People who pushed for war with Great Britain such as Henry Clay and John C Calhoun

79
Q

War of 1812 – DC burned, Fort McHenry, Battle of New Orleans

A

The British set the capitol, White House, and library of congress on fire,British attacked Fort Mchenry at the entrance to Baltimore Harbor, the Battle at New Orleans happens after the treaty of Ghent

80
Q

The Star Spangled Banner

A

..

81
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

The Western Hemisphere was no longer open for colonization

82
Q

Irish Potato Famine’s relationship to Immigration

A

The Irish migrated because of the terrible potato famine

83
Q

Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s convention

A

Seneca falls convention for women’s sufferage

84
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

Advances in farming and industrial plants

85
Q

Capitalism

A

The economic system of the us …….individuals put their capital into a business in hopes of making profit

86
Q

Free Enterprise System

A

People are free to buy ,sell,produce what they want. And can work where they wish.

87
Q

Supply and Demand

A

How the price is set

88
Q

Number One Crop in the South in the 1800’s

A

Cotton

89
Q

Eli Whitneys cotton gin-what did it do and why was it important

A

It made the process of interchangeable parts that allowed product to be made using identical machine parts

90
Q

Urban vs rural

A

Urban-city

Rural- country

91
Q

Wilderness route

A

It goes thru the Appalachian mans for easier trade

92
Q

Daniel Boone

A

Blazed wilderness road. He was a long hunter, an American explorer

93
Q

Cumberland gap

A

Allowed a path thru the Appalachian mtns which made expansion easier

94
Q

The corrupt bargain

A

Henry Clay meets john Adams and agrees to use influence to help Adams get the vote in the house of reps

95
Q

Andrew Johnson -spoils System, fight with the bank

A

The spoils system is jacksons way of replacing old employees with his new ones. He also tried to make the federal banks, state banks.

96
Q

Indian removal act

A

Act passed by congress in order to relocate Indians in Oklahoma

97
Q

Trail of tears

A

Relocation and movement of Cherokee from Georgia to Oklahoma. Many died

98
Q

Sequoyah

A

Made the Cherokee alphabet and saved Lewis and Clark notes

99
Q

WILLIAM Henry Harrison’s presidency

A

9th president with the longest inauguration ever in the rain and snow died after 32 dYs in office

100
Q

Manifest destiny

A

Belief that America will expand from east to west

101
Q

Texas rebellion

A

Was a rebellion of colonists from the United States in putting up restrictions to the Mexican government

102
Q

The Alamo

A

Brought the Texans some much needed time in order to fight the Mexicans

103
Q

Davy Crockett

A

Backwoods man form Tennessee who volunteered to fight in the Alamo

104
Q

Oregon Trail

A

Was used for people migrating west

105
Q

James Polk

A

Fulifed americas dream of manifest destiny

106
Q

Mexican war

A

The us thought that the border was different from Mexicos and it caused a war

8th Grade History (14 decks)

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