Final 150 Flashcards
Why did Europeans come to America to colonize?
Escape religious persecution
Virginia Company
Joint stock company that gained a charter to establish Jamestown
Jamestown
Town where the Virginia company was because it was easy to defend but lacked in good farm land
John Smith
Governor for the first 2 years. Built strong relation with native Americans
Pocahontas
Married John Rolfe, Saved John Smiths life
John Rolfe
First to learn to grow tobacco, married chief Powhatans daughter , Pocahontas
Tobacco
Helped Virginia to grow and prosper
Bacon’s Rebellion
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Plymouth Colony
Plymouth, the colony of the Pilgrims.
Pilgrims
separatists who came to the colonies for religious freedom.
Mayflower
Pilgrims came to America on the Mayflower
Mayflower Compact
a document that provided the laws and helped develop gov’ts in America.
William Bradford
The Pilgrims were led by William Bradford for over 30 years.
●Bradford is responsible for designating the Thanksgiving holiday in American culture.
●Bradford is most famous for writing Of Plymouth Plantation that described the lives of the colonists from 1621 to 1646. Here he drew parallels between their lives and events of the Bible.
Squanto and Samoset
During the 1st spring two Native Americans Squanto and Samoset befriended some Pilgrims and showed them how to grow corn, beans, and squash. They also showed them where to hunt and fish.
Massachusetts Bay Colony
In 1629 a group of Puritans form the Massachusetts Bay Company, and the Mass. Bay Colony was their colony based on the Bible.
John Winthrop
John Winthrop was the group’s governor and led many to modern day Boston to live.
Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams
●Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson were both taken to trial over disagreeing with Puritans and were kicked out of Massachusetts. They formed Rhode Island.
Salem Witch Trials
The Salem Witch Trials were a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft where many who were falsely accused, were killed.
WILLIAM Penn
Pennsylvania Colony founded by William Penn, a Quaker that wrote their constitution.
Quakers
Quakers were tolerant of other people’s views. Very different from Puritans.
●They were also pacifists – people who refuse to fight in wars or use force.
Pacifists and separatists
Puritans – Protestants who wanted reform.
●Separatists – Wanted to leave and set up their own churches.
James Oglethorpe’s debtor and buffer colony
1st Governor of Georgia
First Great Awakening
The First Great Awakening (sometimes Great Awakening) or Evangelical Revival was a series of Christian revivals that swept Britain and its American Colonies between the 1730s and 1740s. The revival movement had a permanent impact on Protestantism as adherents strove to renew individual piety and religious devotion.
Triangular Trade
The Triangular Trade was a system in which slaves, crops, and manufactured goods were traded between Africa, the Caribbean, and the American colonies
Poor Richard’s Almanack, Albany Plan of Union and Join or Die Cartoon
PRA- a book of witty sayings by Thomas Jefferson
APU-made by Benjamin Franklin for united colonial government
J or d-Join, or Die is a political cartoon, drawn by Benjamin Franklin and first published in his Pennsylvania Gazette on May 9, 1754. The original publication by the Gazette is the earliest known pictorial representation of colonial union produced by a British colonist in America.
John Peter Zenger Trial
JPZ accused NY mayor of corruption of the New York weekly journal
Cause of French and Indian War
Fight over land area such as Ohio river. Wanted to control fur trade
Proclamation of 1763
Ends French and Indian war
The Sugar Act
Lowered tax on molasses to try and convince people to stop smuggling
Stamp Act
Placed tax on almost all printed material in the south
The Boston Massacre
Fight between towns people and British soldiers only 5 people died
The Boston Tea Party
Colonists dumped lots of tea off a east India trading company ship in hopes to destroy it
The Intolerable/Coercive Acts
Harsh laws intended to punish Massachusetts citizens asa relation to the Boston tea party
Patrick Henry
Said” I’m not a Virginian but an American”
Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty
Samuel Adams started it. They protested the stamp act
John Hancock
1st person to sign the Declaration of Independence
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
A pamphlet. He called for the colonies to have complete independence
Declaration of Independence – Year, location, author, significance
1776, Philadelphia, Thomas Jefferson, explain how the colonies chose to form a new nation
Cause of American Revolutionary War
The British government decided to make the American colonies pay a large share of the war debt from the French and Indian War. Through the Sugar Act, Stamp Act, and other taxes, the British tried to collect taxes that the American people considered harsh.
Loyalists
Didn’t think the taxes were enough of a reason to fight
Patriots
Determined to fight until independence was won
Battles of Lexington and Concord
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Battle of Saratoga
Turning point of the war
Winter at Valley Forge
A time of suffering without clothes or food for washingtons troops
Battle of Yorktown
Last major war
Benedict Arnold
Hero of the Battle of Saratoga
Lead commander of the Patriots troops in the war
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Marquis de La Fayette
Believed the future of America affected the future of mankind
Friedrich von Steuben
Drilled troops at valley forge
Francis Marion
Swamp fox-father of guerilla warfare
guerrilla warfare
Hit and run war technique
Treaty of Paris 1783
Ended revolutionary war
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Created one territory out of the lands north of the Ohio river and east of the Mississippi River
Articles of Confederation
Military and political Alliance to protect the colonies against native America attacks
Shays’ Rebellion
Uprising by Massachusetts farmers to fight the governments taxes on poor farms
The Great Compromise
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The 3/5 Compromise
Allowed southern states to allow slaves as 3/5 of one free person
The US Constitution – Father of, year, and purpose
James Madison, 1787, and supreme law of the land
Bill of Rights
1st 10 amendments to the constitution
1st Amendment
Freedom of speech, religion, assembly, press and petition of the government
2
nd Amendment
RIGHT FOR CITIZENS TO BEAR ARMS
4th amendment
Protects against unreasonable search and seizure without probable cause
5th amend
Due process of law
6th amend
Right to a speedy public trial by an impartial jury
Three Branches of Government and their purpose
Legislative-law making
Executive- carries out laws
Judicial- interprets laws
Whiskey Rebellion
A civil uprising against the taxing power of national gov’t
Alexander Hamilton
Proposed a plan that would have federal gov’t take care of the state debts from war
Alien and Sedition Acts
Alien- allowed president to deport aliens
Sedition- a crime to speak or write false criticism to try and weaken the government
John Sevier
First governor of TN
Natchez Trace
Became an important route for trade between Mississippi and Nashville
Marbury v Madison
Landmark court case that established judicial review
Judicial review
The court can nullify actions of other branches
McCulloch v Maryland
Supreme Court case over states rights
Election of 1800
John Adams vs. Thomas Jefferson
Ended up being determined by house of reps
Thomas Jefferson won
Louisiana Purchase
France sells territory for $15 million
Lewis and Clark Expedition
Were sent on an expedition to explore this Territory and find resources
Impressment and the attack of the Chesapeake
Intercepted by a British vessel demanding to search for dissenters
Causes of war of 1812
War Hawks from the War of 1812
People who pushed for war with Great Britain such as Henry Clay and John C Calhoun
War of 1812 – DC burned, Fort McHenry, Battle of New Orleans
The British set the capitol, White House, and library of congress on fire,British attacked Fort Mchenry at the entrance to Baltimore Harbor, the Battle at New Orleans happens after the treaty of Ghent
The Star Spangled Banner
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Monroe Doctrine
The Western Hemisphere was no longer open for colonization
Irish Potato Famine’s relationship to Immigration
The Irish migrated because of the terrible potato famine
Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s convention
Seneca falls convention for women’s sufferage
Industrial Revolution
Advances in farming and industrial plants
Capitalism
The economic system of the us …….individuals put their capital into a business in hopes of making profit
Free Enterprise System
People are free to buy ,sell,produce what they want. And can work where they wish.
Supply and Demand
How the price is set
Number One Crop in the South in the 1800’s
Cotton
Eli Whitneys cotton gin-what did it do and why was it important
It made the process of interchangeable parts that allowed product to be made using identical machine parts
Urban vs rural
Urban-city
Rural- country
Wilderness route
It goes thru the Appalachian mans for easier trade
Daniel Boone
Blazed wilderness road. He was a long hunter, an American explorer
Cumberland gap
Allowed a path thru the Appalachian mtns which made expansion easier
The corrupt bargain
Henry Clay meets john Adams and agrees to use influence to help Adams get the vote in the house of reps
Andrew Johnson -spoils System, fight with the bank
The spoils system is jacksons way of replacing old employees with his new ones. He also tried to make the federal banks, state banks.
Indian removal act
Act passed by congress in order to relocate Indians in Oklahoma
Trail of tears
Relocation and movement of Cherokee from Georgia to Oklahoma. Many died
Sequoyah
Made the Cherokee alphabet and saved Lewis and Clark notes
WILLIAM Henry Harrison’s presidency
9th president with the longest inauguration ever in the rain and snow died after 32 dYs in office
Manifest destiny
Belief that America will expand from east to west
Texas rebellion
Was a rebellion of colonists from the United States in putting up restrictions to the Mexican government
The Alamo
Brought the Texans some much needed time in order to fight the Mexicans
Davy Crockett
Backwoods man form Tennessee who volunteered to fight in the Alamo
Oregon Trail
Was used for people migrating west
James Polk
Fulifed americas dream of manifest destiny
Mexican war
The us thought that the border was different from Mexicos and it caused a war
