Final 150 Flashcards
Why did Europeans come to America to colonize?
To start on a fresh life
Virginia Company
A jointstock company that what got a charter and established James town
Jamestown
2nd settlement established by a joint stock company
John Smith
Governor of Jamestown for first 2 years
Pocahontas
A Native American women that was established with Jamestown
John Rolfe
Married Pocahontas
Tobacco
The crop that saved James town
Bacon’s Rebellion
Bacon’s Rebellion was an armed rebellion in 1676 by Virginia settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon against the rule of Governor William Berkeley.
Plymouth Colony
The colony of the pilgrims
Pilgrims
Separatist who came to the colony’s for religious freedom
Mayflower
The Mayflower was an English ship that famously transported the first English Puritans, known today as the Pilgrims, from Plymouth, England to the New World in 1620
Mayflower compact
The Mayflower Compact was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony. It was written by the male passengers of the Mayflower, consisting of separatist Puritans, adventurers, and tradesmen.
William Bradford
Leader of the pilgrims when they discovered America
Squanto and Samoset
They showed pilgrims how to grow corns beans and squash
Puritans
Protestants who wanted reform
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Colony based on the Bible
John Winthrop
Was the groups governor
Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams
For disagreeing with puritans and then they formed rode island
Salem Witch Trials
Series of trials where girls got accused of being witches
William Penn
Found Pennsylvania
Quakers
they were tolerant of other people views
Pacifists
People who refuse to fight in wars or use force
James Oglethorpe’s debtor and buffer colony
First governor of Georgia
First Great Awakening
A religious revival that swept through the colony’s
Triangular Trade
A system where crops goods and slaves were traded
Poor Richard’s Almanack, Albany Plan of Union and Join or Die Cartoon
Join, or Die is a political cartoon, drawn by Benjamin Franklin and first published in his Pennsylvania Gazette on May 9, 1754
John Peter Zenger Trial
The trial of John Peter Zenger, a New York printer, was an important step toward this most precious freedom for American colonists. John Peter Zenger was a German immigrant who printed a publication called The New York Weekly Journal.
Cause of French and Indian War
both the British and French wanted to extend their North American colonies into the land west of the Appalachian Mountains, known then as the Ohio Territory
Proclamation of 1763
following Great Britain’s acquisition of French territory in North America after the end of the French and Indian War/Seven Years’ War, which forbade all settlement west of a line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains.
The Sugar Act
The Sugar Act, also known as the American Revenue Act, was a revenue-raising act passed by the British Parliament of Great Britain in April of 1764
The Stamp Act
The Stamp Act was passed by the British Parliament on March 22, 1765. The new tax was imposed on all American colonists and required them to pay a tax on every piece of printed paper they used.
The Boston Massacre
The Boston Massacre, known as the Incident on King Street by the British, was an incident on March 5, 1770, in which British Army soldiers shot and killed several people while under attack by a mob
The Boston Tea Party
The Boston Tea Party was a political protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, Massachusetts, on December 16
The Intolerable/Coercive Acts
Upset by the Boston Tea Party and other blatant acts of destruction of British property by American colonists, the British Parliament enacts the Coercive Acts
Patrick Henry
Patrick Henry was an American attorney, planter, and orator well known for his declaration to the Second Virginia Convention:
Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty
The Sons of Liberty was an organization that was created in the Thirteen American Colonies. The secret society was formed to protect the rights of the colonists and to fight taxation by the British government
John Hancock
Was the first preside t to sign the doc
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
Common Sense is a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1775–76 advocating independence from Great Britain to people in the Thirteen Colonies
Declaration of Independence – Year, location, author, significance
in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776,Thomas Jefferson
Cause of American Revolutionary War
The British government decided to make the American colonies pay a large share of the war debt from the French and Indian War.
Loyalists
Loyalists were American colonists who remained loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolutionary War.
Patriots
They were known as the rebels
Battles of Lexington and Concord
The Battles of Lexington and Concord were the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War
Battle of Saratoga
The Battles of Saratoga marked the climax of the Saratoga campaign, giving a decisive victory to the Americans over the British in the American Revolutionary War.
Winter at Valley Forge
The particularly severe winter of 1777-1778
Battle of Yorktown
was a decisive victory by a combined force of American Continental Army troops led by General George Washington
Benedict Arnold
Benedict Arnold was a general during the American Revolutionary War, who fought for the American Continental Army
Lead commander of the Patriots troops in the war
General George Washington,
Marquis de La Fayette
was a French aristocrat and military officer who fought in the American Revolutionary War.
Friedrich von Steuben
was a Prussian and later an American military officer.
Francis Marion
Francis Marion was a military officer who served in the American Revolutionary War. Acting with the Continental Army and South Carolina militia commissions
guerrilla warfare
Hit and run
Treaty of Paris 1783
Treaty that officially ended the Revolutionary War on September 3, 1783. It was signed in Paris by Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay.
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
was an act of the Congress of the Confederation of the United States.
Articles of Confederation
The Articles of Confederation, formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, was an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served with as its first constitution
Shays’ Rebellion
Shays’ Rebellion was an armed uprising in Massachusetts during 1786 and 1787. Revolutionary War
The Great Compromise
In the House of Representatives each state would be assigned a number of seats in proportion to its population.
The 3/5 Compromise
Slaves counted 3/5 of votes
The US Constitution – Father of, year, and purpose
On this day in 1751, James Madison, drafter of the Constitution
Bill of Right
The first 10 amendments to the Constitution make up the Bill of Rights.
1
st Amendment
religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble
2
nd Amendment
A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed
4
th Amendment
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures
5
th Amendment
No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury,
6
th Amendment
In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed
Three Branches of Government and their purpose
They are the Executive, (President
) Legislative (Senate and House of Representatives) and Judicial (Supreme Court and lower Courts)
Whiskey Rebellion
The Whiskey Rebellion was a tax protest in the United States beginning in 1791 during the presidency of George Washington. The so-called “whiskey tax” was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by the newly formed federal government
Alexander Hamilton
Alexander Hamilton was an American statesman and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.
Alien and Sedition Acts
The Alien and Sedition Acts were four bills passed by the Federalist-dominated 5th United States Congress and signed into law by President John Adams in 1798
John Sevier
John Sevier was an American soldier, frontiersman and politician, and one of the founding fathers of the State of Tennessee.
Natchez Trace
The Natchez Trace Parkway is a National Parkway in the southeastern United States that commemorates the historic Old Natchez Trace and preserves sections of the original trail.
Marbury v Madison
is a landmark case by the United States Supreme Court which forms the basis for the exercise of judicial review in the United States under Article III of the Constitution.
Judicial review
review by the US Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a legislative ac
McCulloch v Maryland
McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 U.S. 316, was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States.
Election of 1800
John Adams vs Thomas Jefferson
Louisiana Purchase
France sells territory for 15 million
Lewis and Clark Expedition
They went and explored the territory we bought
Impressment and the attack of the Chesapeake
It was intercepted by a British vessel
War Hawks from the War of 1812
People who pushed for war
War of 1812 – DC burned, Fort McHenry, Battle of New Orleans
When D.C. Burned it was not the only building to burn because the library of congress burned , dolly maddison saved a portrait of George Washington,Francis Scott key is wrote the star spangled banner because of fort mchenry the battle of New Orleans took place after the treaty was signed because everyone didn’t know there was a treaty
The Star Spangled Banner
Got wrote by Francis Scott key
Monroe Doctrine
Became important for American foreign
Irish Potato Famine’s relationship to Immigration
Irish immigrants moved to America
Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s convention
formed the National Women’s Loyal League with Susan B. Anthony in 1863. Seven years later, they established the National Woman Suffrage Association.
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
Capitalism
an economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.
Free Enterprise System
Where there is very any rules
Supply and Demand
the amount of a commodity, product, or service available and the desire of buyers for it, considered as factors regulating its price.
Number One Crop in the South in the 1800’s
Cotton
Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin – what it did and why that was important
It helped with cotton and it made it easier
Urban vs Rural
Urban -city
Rural-country
Wilderness Road
Route to Kentucky from Atlantic coast
Daniel Boone
He blazed the trail that became the wilderness road
Cumberland Gap
It made passing trough the Appalachian mountains easier
The Corrupt Bargain
Henery clay helped out Adams to win the election
Andrew Jackson – spoils system, fight with the bank
Jackson tries to take all funds from national banks and then puts the money and states banks
Indian Removal Act
To relocate native Americans
Trail of Tears
Movement from Cherokee from Georgia to Oklahoma
Sequoyah
Wrote Cherokee language
William Henry Harrison’s Presidency
Was only president for 32 days because he died. Also shortest presidency
Manifest Destiny
Belief that America should extend to the Pacific Ocean
Texas Rebellion
The Texas Revolution was a rebellion of colonists from the United States and Tejanos in putting up armed resistance to the centralist government of Mexico.
The Alamo – battle significance
Santa Anna’s Mexico is Travis Texans
Davy Crockett
Tennessean that volunteered to fight
Oregon Trail
Trail used by settlers to migrate to the northwest
James K Polk – President that fulfilled what?
Dark horse candidate winner
Mexican War – Border dispute, Mexican Cession
Mexican troops attacked Zachary Taylor at the border. After Mexico lost the war they lost half of its territory
John Sutter and the California Gold Rush
John surfer obtained land in California and then found a lot of gold
Brigham Young
Led migration to great salt lake area of Utah
The Missouri Compromise of 1820
In an effort to preserve the balance of power in Congress between slave and free states, the Missouri Compromise was passed in 1820 admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state. … In 1854, the Missouri Compromise was repealed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
John Brown
John Brown was an American abolitionist who believed in and advocated armed insurrection as the only way to overthrow the institution of slavery in the United States.
Harriet Tubman
Leader of the Underground Railroad
Underground Railroad
Railroads to help slaves escape
Frederick Douglass
Frederick Douglass was an African-American,most famous abolitionist
Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin
A novel that issued slavery
Fugitive Slave Act
Required are citizens to catch runaway slaves
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Increased amount of the slaveholding in the US
Bleeding Kansas
First territory to shed blood in a civil war
Sumner-Brooks Incident
Butlers cousin hit Sumner with a cane because sumner lashed out against tho in slavery
Raid on Harper’s Ferry
John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry was an effort by armed abolitionist John Brown to initiate an armed slave revolt in 1859 by taking over a United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia
Dred Scott v Sandfor
Dread Scott fought against his owner and said the constitution protected slavery and he lost
Lincoln-Douglass debates – House Divided Speech
Senator raced in Illinois and beca,e the center of national attention
Election of 1860
Lincoln becomes president
Causes of the Civil War
Slavery and the nation being devided
Fort Sumter
The First Battle of Fort Sumter began on April 12, 1861
Ulysses S. Grant
He was leader of the union later became president
Robert E. Lee
Fought for confederate and surrendered
Stonewall Jackson
Most gifted tactical commander in the US
First Battle of Bull Run
First major battle of the civil war,fought near a town called Manassas
Anaconda Plan
A plan where the union would choke out the confederacy
54th Massachusetts
A group of African Americans that ran for congress
The Battle of Gettysburg
Union retreats because their outnumbered
The Battle of Vicksburg
Turning point of the war
Sherman’s March to the sea
Sherman’s March to the Sea was a military campaign of the American Civil War conducted through Georgia from November 15 until December 21
Lee Surrendering to Grant
They surrendered in a small town in Virginia
13th Amendment
Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
14th Amendment
All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside
15th Amendment
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race,
Lincoln Assassination – theater name, murderer, place of death
Fords theater,john Wilkes booth, and the Petersen house
10 Percent Plan and Radical Republican Plans for Reconstruction
The Ten-Percent Plan. Lincoln’s blueprint for Reconstruction included the Ten-Percent Plan,which specified that a southern state could be readmitted into the Union once 10 percent of its voters (from the voter rolls for the election of 1860) swore an oath of allegiance to the Union.
Freedman’s Bureau
The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, usually referred to as simply the Freedmen’s Bureau, was an agency of the United States Department
Segregation
Kept whites and blacks separate
Jim Crow Laws
Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States.
Ku Klux Klan
A territory group that didn’t like blacks
