Final 150 Flashcards

Question

Agroecology

Answer 1

A scientific field that considers the area's ecology and indigenous knowledge and favors agriculture methods that protect the environment and meet the needs of local people

Answer 2

deposits of crude oil or natural gas that can be extracted by vertical drilling and pumping (we have used half of the oil on the planet)

Answer 3

Deposits of oil or natural gas that cannot be recovered with traditional oil/gas wells but may be recoverable using alternative techniques

Answer 4

light (low-density) oil in shale rock deposits of very low permeability; extracted by fracking

Answer 5

Rotating Blades turn a shaft that is attached to a gear that rotates a higher speed shift on a generator. The generator produces electrical current.

Answer 6

Wind is intermittent Turbines are expensive Noise and appearance are a problem for some Threat to birds and bats; cannot be in the area of migratory routes

Answer 7

Abundant in some areas Pollution-free Low environmental impact and carbon footprint Effective at large and small scales Lowest-cost renewable Creates jobs

Answer 8

Abundant Pollution-Free Low environmental impact and carbon footprint Effective at large and small scales Portable Created Jobs

Answer 9

Location matters, shady and high-latitude areas get less winter sunlight Little or no generation on cloudy days or at night Expensive compared to other renewable energy sources

Answer 10

Water is injected into deep wells, when the water hits hot rocks deep underground, steam is produced. This steam rises through a seperate pipe to turn a turbine at the surface, generating electricity.

Answer 11

A pump in the home circulates a fluid similar to antifreeze through a closed-loop system of buried pipes, bringing the ground temperature inside the home

Answer 12

Pollution Free Low environmental impact and carbon footprint Can be used in large or small scales Dependable Ground source can be installed anywhere, reduces heating and air conditioning costs

Answer 13

Geothermal power plants are expensive to build and are suitable only in some areas Geothermal heat pumps are more expensive to install than tradition HVAC systems Usually must be paired with other energy sources to meet needs

Answer 14

Water enters the penstock Flowing water turns a turbine The turbine spins within a generator and creates electricity Water flows out of the penstock into the river

Answer 15

Varies with yearly rainfall Can restrict water supplies to downstream communities Evaporative loss can be immense Loss of habitat and displacement of communities upstream of the dams

Answer 16

Pollution Free Low environmental impact and carbon footprint from operation Large dams offer recreation and flood control advantages Small run of the river systems can generate electricity without damming a river Tremendous power potential remains to be harnessed from the oceans

Answer 17

the meteorological conditions in a given place on a given day

Answer 18

Long term patterns or trends of meteorological conditions

Answer 19

alteration in the long term patterns and statistical averages of meteorological events

Answer 20

Recognize the need to address climate change Most of the world's nations, including the United States, signed on, agreeing to cooperate

Answer 21

An international treaty that laid out steps to be taken to mitigate climate change Set different but specific targets for the reduction of CO2 emissions for various countries United States did not ratify the protocol Expired in 2012

Answer 22

Replaced the Kyoto Agreement Allowed nations to set their own targets Signed by most nation (BObama signed) Orange Fuck Face withdrew this in 2017 2020 Biden signed on

Answer 23

Provide tax credits and incentives Increase electric vehicles Increase demand for low carbon materials Increase growth of renewable energies Increase research and development of clean technology

Answer 24

Measurements that allow one to indirectly infer a value such as the temperature or atmospheric conditions in years past Uses preserved physical characteristics that allow scientists to reconstruct past climate (goes back 12,000 years)

Answer 25

CO2 levels can be measured directly from air bubbles trapped in ice Temperature can be inferred by the isotopic ratio of the oxygen atoms in the water molecules of the ice Tree growth can be used to indicate temperature and water availability The oxygen-isotope ratio in coral skeletons can indicate past water temperatures Lake sediments can be evaluated for species composition and amounts of pollen

Answer 26

Anything that alters the balance of incoming solar radiation relative to the amount of heat that escapes out into space (positive or negative)

Answer 27

Molecules in the atmosphere that absorb heat and reradiate it back to Earth

Answer 28

the warming of the planet that results when heat is trapped by Earths Atmosphere

Answer 29

Solar output, cloud formation, volcanic eruptions, Milankovitch cycles

Answer 30

Burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, agricultural practices, land uses, etc

Answer 31

You don't understand the problem until you have developed a solution Wicked Problems have no stopping rule Solutions to wicked problems are not right or wrong Every wicked problem is unique and novel Wicked problems have no given alternative solutions

Answer 32

efforts to minimize the extent or impact of climate change

Answer 33

efforts to help deal with existing or impending climate change problems