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Early Modern Civilization > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Council of Trent

A

Council declared salvation from faith and goodness, more than one religion source, HELPED REDUCE abuse.

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2
Q

InquisTition

Fought ______

A

Fought protestantism, occured during middle ages, used many tourture tactics to root out heresy, restricted books.

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3
Q

Index of forbidden books

A

List of books made that was forbidden to be read

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4
Q

IgNatius of Loyola

A
  • was a knight of the Royal Court of Spain
  • Cannonball injured his leg in battle
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5
Q

Teresa of Avila

A
  • Spanish nun who established the order of nun
  • Symbloized renewed feelings of intense faith
  • Writings considered important
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6
Q

Heresy

A

belief or opinion contrary to orthodox religious

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7
Q

Persecution

A

hostility and ill-treatment, especially on the basis of ethnicity, religion, or sexual orientation or political beliefs.

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8
Q

Anti-semitism

A

hostility to or prejudice against Jewish people

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9
Q

Jesuits

advisors

A
  • Pope recognized new order, knight read about saints, made strict program, defend catholic faith.
  • Advisors of catholic rulers, schools taught humanist, enforced discipline, went protestant in disguice
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10
Q

Pope Paul III

A
  • 1534-1549
  • starting of CATHOLIC reformation
  • had church abuses documented
  • Called for meeting at Trent to deal with growth of protestantism
  • Presented reform minded cardinals to advisors
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11
Q

Newton

A
  • Theorized gravity is the force that controls movements
  • Linked science and math
    *Got the idea from falling apple
    *Contributed to the development of calculus.
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12
Q

Gravity

A

Newton proved gravity was true.

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13
Q

Astronomy

A

Study of planets and stars

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14
Q

Coprnicus

A
  • Polish astronomer
  • Didn’t propose idea until he was on his death bed
  • Would measure angles
  • Afraid to contradict the church’s ideas
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15
Q

Heliocentric

A

SUN is in the CENTER

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16
Q

Geocentric

A

Earth is in the CENTER
Developed in ainceint times by ARISTOTLE and PTOLEMY

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17
Q

Brahe

A

Supported Copernicus

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17
Q

Kepler

A
  • Used Brahe’s data to calculate the orbits of the planets
  • Found that the planets don’t move in perfect circles as earlier beleived
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18
Q

Francis Bacon

A
  • Stressed observation and experimentation
  • Wanted science to improve people’s lives by developing practical techniques
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19
Q

Scientific method

A
  • Multi-step method to prove a hypothesis
  • Combined Descartes (hypothesis) and bacon’s (experiment) ideas of science
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20
Q

Descartes

A

*Emphasized human reasoning as the best road to understanding

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21
Q

Boyle

Type of scientist

A
  • English chemist
  • All matter is composed of tiny particles
  • Defined difference between individual elements and compounds
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22
Q

Vesalius

A
  • Wrote first full book on the body
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23
Q

Leeuwenhoek

A
  • Perfected the microscope and became the FIRST PERSON to see cells and microorganisms.
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24
Q

William Harvey

A
  • Described the circulation of the blood, showing that the heart was a pump
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25
Q

Ambroise pare

A
  • Developed Surgical techniques, artificial limbs, and ointments to prevent infection
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26
Q

Theocracy

A

A system of government where preists rule

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27
Q

Describe Europe:
Early modern history (1300-1600s) was a time of GREAT CHANGE

A
  • development of the scientific method
  • printing press revolution
  • Protestant reformation
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28
Q

Simony

A

Buying/selling something spiritual or closely connected with the spirit

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29
Q

Henry VIII

A
  • Broke with church because he was denied divorce
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30
Q

Edward VI

A

*Died early
* 9-year old ruled directly after dad
* Made church more protestant

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31
Q

Mary I

A
  • Nickanme: bloody mary
  • Threatened to kill people who got in her way
  • Tried to restore catholicism
  • Took over after Edward
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32
Q

Elizabeth I

A
  • Allowed bible
  • Didn’t want to be head of church
  • retained many catholic practices
  • Took over after Mary
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33
Q

Divorce/annulment

A

*separating from wife/ husband
* Annulment is when church grants divorce

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34
Q

Anglican Church

tradition

A
  • particular Christian tradition born out of the Protestant Reformation in England
  • rich history of faith and practice
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35
Q

Church of England

A
  • reformed according to Roman ideas
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36
Q

Act of Supremacy

Did something to help henry VIII

A
  • defined the right of Henry VIII to be supreme head on earth of the Church of England
37
Q

Book of Common Prayer

A

Used by Anglican Church

38
Q

Thomas Cranmer

A
  • Henry appointed Thomas Cranmer
  • Cranmer annulled the king’s marriage
39
Q

HumanIsm

A

INTELLECTUAL MOVEMENT, studied classical culture of Greece and Rome

40
Q

Classics- Greece and Rome

A
41
Q

Da Vinci

A

painter/ artist

42
Q

Last supper

A

Book

43
Q

Inventions

A

printing press

44
Q

Medici

A

family wanted Florence to be the New Rome and used architects and artists to beautify florence

45
Q

Patrons

A

Financial supporter/ generous supporter

46
Q

City states

A

a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state.

47
Q

Machiavelli

A

Wrote * The prince*, describing how to rule in an age of ruthless power politic

48
Q

Florence

A

An Italian city state that produced many gifted artists, scholars, scientists and archeteicts

49
Q

Michelangelo

A

Had many talents: Sculptor, engineer, painter, archetect, known for dome design

50
Q

David

A
  • Sculpted by Michaelangelo
  • commissioned to express the power and strength of Florence
51
Q

Sistine Chapel

A

frescoes painted by Michelangelo

52
Q

Brunelleschi

A

built the dome of the Florence Cathedral, couldnt use the same techniques bec. the recipe for making concrete was lost
He laid some of the stones himself

53
Q

Raphael

A

Painter; blended Christian and classical styles; famous works include The school of Athens and his portrayals of Madonna

54
Q

Donatello

A

oldest and made guy on horseback

55
Q

School of Athens

A

Raphael painted “The School of Athens” between 1509 and 1511 for Pope Julius II

56
Q

Castiglione

A
  • served as a model for civilized behavior
57
Q

Book of Courtier

A

Written by Baladassare Castiglione, describing skills, manners and qualities aristocratic men and women should display

58
Q

Italian Renaissance writers/ topics

A
59
Q

PetrarcH

A

Lived in the 1300’s was an early humanist, poet and sholar

60
Q

Gutenberg

A
  • Printed the first complete edition of the Christian Bible
  • Made printing press with moveable tape
61
Q

Printing revolution

A

The printing press was made by Gutenberg which started to help mass produce books and lower book costs because books became readily avalible

62
Q

Flanders

A

Heart of the italian renaissance

63
Q

Trade

A

How ideas spread.

64
Q

Drurer

A
  • Spread renaissance Ideas to northern Europe
  • His methods influenced Italy
65
Q

Engravings

A

Drurer applied the painting techniques he learned in Italy to ENGRAVING. Many of the engravings and paintings.

66
Q

Northern renaissance writers

A
67
Q

Erasmus

A
  • Wrote texts on many different things
  • Used knowledge to produce new greek edition of the christian bible
  • Didnt want holy scripture to be read by uneducated
68
Q

Thomas More

A

*Friends with Erasmus
*Describes ideal society
*English humanist

69
Q

Utopian

A

An Ideal society where people live together in PEACE and HARMONY

70
Q

Shakespeare

A
  • Was a towering figure of renaissance lititure
  • Between 1590 and 1613 he wrote 37 plays
  • Expressed universal themes in everyday realistic things
71
Q

German reformation

A

a religious reform movement that rose out of local dissatisfaction with the performance of the Catholic Church.

72
Q

Luther

A
  • Posts the 95 thesis
  • Angry about the church’s corruption
  • He read the bible, and the church’s positions angered him
  • Sparked many revolts
  • Beleive: Bible alone is source of truth
73
Q

95 thesis

A

Luther wrote 95 things he hated about the Christian church

74
Q

Excommunication

A

When a leader/city-state is not allowed to practice church teachings.

75
Q

vernacular

A

Primary langugage in a city

76
Q

Indulgences

A
  • Citizens payed the church to get rid of their sins to go to heaven.
  • Could be payed for other family members
77
Q

Johann Tetzel

A

He offered indulgences to any christian who contributed money for the rebuilding of the Cathedral of St.Peter in Rome. He claimed that the purchase of indulgences would assure entry into heaven not only for the purchasers but also for their dead relatives as well.

78
Q

Peasants revolt & luther’s response

A
79
Q

Calvin

A
  • French-born priest and lawyer
  • Preached got determined who would gain salvation
  • Saints and sinners
  • CALVANISTS lived saintly lives
80
Q

Predestination

A
  • All events. Have been brought by god (God decides your fate)
  • Calvin beleived in this
81
Q

Sect

A

a group of people with somewhat different religious beliefs from those of a larger group to which they belong.

82
Q

Geneva

A
  • Located in Switzerland
  • Invited Calvin to lead their community (1541)
83
Q

Zwingli

A
  • Admirer of Erasmus
  • Stressed the importance of the Bible
84
Q

Anabaptists

A

Christians who believe in delaying baptism until the candidate confesses his or her faith in Christ, as opposed to being baptized as an infant

85
Q

Adult Baptism

A

Anabaptists beleived in adult baptism

86
Q

Amish, mennonites, baptists

A
87
Q

Peace of Augsburg

A

Charles signed the peace of Augsburg in 1555

88
Q

Leonardo

A

Loved invention, DISECTED corpses to better understand the human anatomy

89
Q

Galileo

A
  • Helped increase microscope magnification
  • Found that Jupiter had 4 moons
  • Contradicted the church, he was tried for heresy and forced to recant

Early Modern Civilization (4 decks)

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