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Ancient Mexico > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the largest ball court of Mesoamerica found?

A

Chichen Itza

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2
Q

What are the 3 major language groups of Mesoamerica?

A

Zoquean, Mixean, Western Oto-Manguean

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3
Q

What is a key reason why scholars want to stop calling the Americas the “New World”?

A

Because many First Peoples believe they were always there

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4
Q

What do mountains generally mean religiously?

A

being close to heaven and gods

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5
Q

Agriculture allows for the growth of political economy vs subsistence economy because of WHAT reason?

A

The existence of item surplus and luxury goods

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6
Q

What were the Tarascan Empire’s key resources?

A

cotton, maize, beans, fish, copper, obsidian, gold

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7
Q

Where was the oldest Mesoamerican ballcourt found?

A

Paso de la Amado

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8
Q

Which of the following were considered prestige goods in Mesoamerica?

A

cacao, obsidian, jade, turquoise

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9
Q

Where was the earliest example of weaving found?

A

Oaxaca maybe

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10
Q

What was the significance of spinning and weaving in the lives of women in Mesoamerica?

A

it was specialized labor, and was economically critical (not just housework)

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11
Q

What are characteristics of a state level society?

A

born and live in violence, rigid hierarchies, complex division of labor

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12
Q

What is transculturation?

A

when a society changes because of the influence of new cultural traditions and beliefs

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13
Q

What is the purpose of endo-cannibalism?

A

eating one’s loved ones to show affection

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14
Q

The Spanish visitor to Mesoamerica thought to have been one of the first anthropologists is:

A

Fray Bernardino

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15
Q

A person who was an example of transculturation was:

A

Guerrero

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16
Q

In the Mesoamerican ball game, which of the following body parts could you NOT use?

A

hands, feet

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17
Q

What did the Laws of Burgos of 1512 in Spain state?

A

No beating or whipping an Indian

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18
Q

Which was the deadliest weapon the Spanish brought while invading the native population?

A

disease (smallpox)

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19
Q

This material can be used to make spear points and knives and the best quality of it comes from Pachuca.

A

Obsidian

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20
Q

What culture does the Central Mexican site Chalcatzingo bear features of?

A

Olmec

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21
Q

What had become the most important city in the Tarascan Empire by the fifteenth century?

A

Tzintzuntzan

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22
Q

The Late Classic urban center of Kaminaljuyu lies under what modern city?

A

Guatemala

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23
Q

This Late Formative site in West Mexico has shaft tombs that contained instruments made from femurs:

A

Chupicuaro

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24
Q

Tres Zapotes had what feature present?

A

stone monuments with calendrics

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25
Q

How did the wars between the Aztec Empire and Tarascan Empire affect trade between them?

A

Trade was not affected

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26
Q

What was the city of Tula made out of?

A

adobe walls and mud-mortared stone

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27
Q

Tollan most closely translates to:

A

place of reeds

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28
Q

Why might Teotihuacan have been burned in 550/650 CE?

A

because of disease

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29
Q

The Chicimecs relied on what method of subsistence?

A

hunting

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30
Q

What are examples of the 4 networks of Postclassic Mesoamerica?

A

bulk goods, prestige goods, political/military, and information

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31
Q

Which of the following groups allied itself with the Spaniards?

A

Tlaxcala

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32
Q

Which of the following were key resources of the Tarascan Empire?

A

metals (gold, silver, copper, bronze)

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33
Q

Where was the pottery with a lustrous gray surface, called Plumbate, produced?

A

Pacific coast at Takalik Abaj, also at Tula and Chichen itza

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34
Q

What was the broader meaning associated with the term “Toltec”?

A

civilized

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35
Q

What are Coyotlatelco Ceramics characterized by?

A

buff-colored vessels with red designs

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36
Q

Which of the following is an example of Toltec Style in architecture?

A

statues and reliefs

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37
Q

Which of the following periods is associated with the Olmec culture?

A

Formative Period

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38
Q

An architectural feature unique to Post-Classics West Mexico is:

A

yacata, chacmools, shaft tombs

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39
Q

What natural disaster was often the cause of migration of peoples in Mesoamerica?

A

volcanic eruptions

40
Q

Where are circular mounds located?

A

Cuicuilco

41
Q

Tlajinga 33 is an excavation of a compound of __________.

A

Teotihuacan

42
Q

Which of the following was the largest site in highland Guatemala?

A

Kaminalijuyu

43
Q

When comparing the health of New World and Old World city residents based on skeletal samples from Tlajinga 33, it was discovered that:

A

some skulls immigrated from other places

44
Q

According to R. Storey, who in the Maya had signs of malnutrition?

A

children

45
Q

Native legend says that the Pyramid of the Magician at Uxmal was built by what kind of creature?

A

a dwarf

46
Q

Chichén Itzá is known as a “Fusion Site” for having evidence of the coexistence of what two distinct cultures?

A

Toltec and Maya

47
Q

What was a ‘star war’ as discussed in class?

A

Military campaigns that were timed to trajectory patterns of Venus

48
Q

Which people were called the ‘peaceful time worshipers’?

A

Maya

49
Q

What was among the initial ideas for the origin of the Maya?

A

Maybe Pheonicians, lost tribes of Israel, or Atlanteans

50
Q

Which of the following was the largest Maya city?

A

Chichen Itza or Tikal

51
Q

A city has a population of 7,500 and a population density of 200 people per sq km. What type of city is it?

A

Micro-urban

52
Q

What was about the population of the ancient city of Mayapan?

A

15,000-17,000 people

53
Q

What purpose did sacred cenotes serve?

A

The water filled sinkholes served as places for sacrifices and offerings

54
Q

According to Sylvanus Morley, what were the Maya considered?

A

the “Greeks of the New World”

55
Q

How many collapses were there before THE Maya collapse?

A

3

56
Q

What was the main cultural loss during the Maya Collapse?

A

type of rulership and way
symbolized on buildings, monuments, and other
arts during Classic Period

57
Q

According to R. Storey, who in the Maya had signs of malnutrition?

A

both commoners and elites

58
Q

The Maya Long Count calendar was significant because it:

A

Was an absolute dating system, and it provides a greater understanding of the cosmos and deities who decide human fate

59
Q

Which of the following did NOT experience a dramatic drop in population during the Maya collapse?

A

Peten Lakes, Northern Belize, Mayapan

60
Q

What Maya site likely was founded by an outsider from Teotihuacan around CE 426?

A

Copan

61
Q

The Maya buried their dead:

A

Underneath homes and in funerary shrines

62
Q

The event referred to as the Maya Collapse has evoked many theories, but most likely the Maya decline of the last classic period is attributable to:

A

ecological and economic causes–draught?

63
Q

Which city was Calakmul’s nemesis?

A

Tikal

64
Q

What made the Mayan writing system unique and different from other Mesoamerican civilizations writing systems?

A

It can be read at over 85%, and each glyph represented an entire word

65
Q

Although there are two different models of the Maya collapse, ecological and non-ecological, it is now agreed that:

A

neither is 100% correct–it’s a mix of both

66
Q

It took the Spaniards until ________ to conquer the last Maya.

A

1697

67
Q

What is one of the main problems with the theory that an uprising of the lower classes was the cause of the Maya collapse?

A

doesn’t explain the massive population loss, and there’s no evidence

68
Q

How many units did Aztec priests divide the day into?

A

9; 4 day, 5 night

69
Q

What best describes the social status of quauhpipiltin in Aztec society?

A

Commoner warriors who distinguished themselves with outstanding military or civil service

70
Q

After modern excavations by Eduardo Matos Moctezuma, where was revealed to be the location of the Templo Mayor?

A

Tenochtitlan

71
Q

Arguably, the two most important deities to post-Classic Aztecs, especially in Tenochtitlan,
were:

A

Tlaloc the rain god, Quetzalcoatl, and Huitzilopochtli

72
Q

The Nahuatl word “alteptl” is most often translated as:

A

Hill water, or water mountain

73
Q

According to Prof. Storey, what urban innovation “made the Aztec Empire”?

A

chinampas

74
Q

Young Aztec men without military service could not:

A

marry, cut hair, or gain status/respect

75
Q

A nickname for the Aztec empire talked about in this class was;

A

Mexica or Tenochca

76
Q

The term Aztec means;

A

People from Aztlan

77
Q

Which were weapons the Aztecs commonly used?

A

bows and slings, spears, and macuahuitl

78
Q

What was the name of Nahua woman who became interpreter for Cortés?

A

Dona Marina

79
Q

Who was the 10-year-old who became the 3rd emperor of the Aztecs?

A

Chimalpopoca

80
Q

What type of empire was the Aztec empire?

A

swiss cheese empire

81
Q

If you were one-rabbited in Aztec society, especially during the 1450s, this meant that:

A

famine

82
Q

What item was a common medium of exchange in the Aztec empire?

A

cacao seeds, textiles

83
Q

One of the reasons for conducting a Flower War was:

A

Establish dominance and obtain prisoners for human sacrifice, get experience for military

84
Q

Children in Aztec culture were:

A

Taught calendrics, rhetoric, pierced ears, to fight, weave, and be punished

85
Q

After an Aztec sacrificial victim had his heart removed, it was:

A

thrown down the temple stairs

86
Q

In 1519, the city of Tenochtitlan

A

was entered by Cortes and Spaniards

87
Q

What is a calpulli?

A

Clans or units that made up the organization of Aztec society

88
Q

What living beings did the Aztecs sacrifice?

A

humans and quails

89
Q

What were the macehualtin in Aztec society?

A

the commoner social class

90
Q

Which Greco-Roman goddess is Xochiquetzal compared to?

A

Venus/ Aphrodite

91
Q

Aztec military order imagery primarily includes which two animals?

A

eagles and jaguars

92
Q

How much yield can one hectare of land produce through the use of chinampas?

A

3000 kg maize?

93
Q

How could an Aztec commoner achieve a quasi-noble status?

A

Bravery in war, or studying to be a priest

94
Q

The Aztecs believed that offerings of ______ were necessary in order to repay the gods and keep the world going.

A

blood

95
Q

What did the Aztecs believe was the form of returning sacrificial victims?

A

hummingbirds and butterflies

96
Q

A Tzompantli is:

A

a skull rack

97
Q

Who is known as the “philosopher-king” of Nahua speakers and was possibly opposed to the polytheistic sacrificial complex of the Mexica?

A

Nezahualcoyotl

Ancient Mexico (1 decks)

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