Final Flashcards
22 lb dog weighs how many kgs?
22 divided by 2.2 = 10
A 12 kg dog weighs how many lbs?
12 divided by 2.2 = 26.4
How many lbs are in a kg?
2.2 lbs
A 25 lb dog weighs how many kgs?
25 lb divided by 2.2 = 11.4 kg
A 10 kg dog weighs now many lbs?
10 kg x 2.2 =22 lbs
What does urinalysis mean?
Break down of urine components to determine A diagnosis
( analysis of the urine)
A 4 kg cat weighs how many lbs?
4 kg x 2= 8.8 Lbs
A 75 lb dog weighs how many kgs?
75 lb divided by 2.2 = 34.1 kg
Pre and Post are examples of..
Pre-Before Post-After
Inter and Intra are examples of…
Inter-Inside Intra-Outside
What does chemotherapy mean?
Chemical treatment
A 2 lb kitten weighs how many kgs?
2 lb divided by 2.2 = 0.9 kg
A 50 kg dog weighs now many lbs?
50 kg X 2.2 lbs = 110 lbs
What prefix means elevated?
Hyper
What prefix means depressed
Hypo
What prefix means before
Pre
What prefix means after
Post
What does hepatitis mean?
Inflammation of the liver
Which word part is always placed at the beginning of a term?
Suffix
Which word part is always placed at the end of a term
Prefix
When analyzing a term, always begin at the end .
True or false?
True
What does postoperative mean ?
After operation
What does preanesthetic mean?
Before anesthesia
What does the prefix eu- mean ?
good, normal, easy death
How much does a 30 kg dog weigh in lbs?
30 kg x 2.2 = 66 lbs
-Ac is what type of suffix?
Pertaining to
-Ectomy is what type of suffix?
Surgical
-centesis is what type of suffix ?
Procedural
The term gastroenteritis means
Inflammation of stomach and small intestine
The term ovariohysterectomy means ?
Surgical removal of ovary and uterus
A 3 kg cat weighs how lbs?
3 kg x 2.2=6.6 lbs
The suffix osis- means..?
Abnormal conditioning
the suffix itis- means..?
Inflammation
The term ventral means ?
Belly or underside of body or body part
The term Dorsal means?
The back
The term medial means?
Toward midline
The term Lateral means?
Away from midline
The suffix logy- means ?
Study of
A 67.2 lb dog weighs how many Kg ?
67.2 divided by 2.2 = 30.5 kg
Anatomy is the study of..?
the body structure
Combining form for blood?
Hemo
Combining form for lungs ?
Pneumo
What plane divides the body into cranial and caudal ?
Transverse
What term means farthest from midline or farthest from beginning of structure ?
Distal
The term ventral refers to what part of the body ?
The belly or underside of a body or body part
The term dorsal refers to what part of the body ?
To the back
A 4 lb cat weighs how many kg?
4lb divided by 2.2 = 1.8Kg
A 28 kg dog weighs how many pounds?
28 kgs divided by 2.2=61.6 lbs
What’s a caprine?
Goat
What’s a porcine?
Pig / swine
What’s a bovine?
Cattle/ cow
What’s an ovine?
Sheep
What’s an equine?
Horse
What combining form refers to Bones?
Oste/o
What combining form refers to Nares?
Nas/o
What combining form refers to Stomach?
Gastr/o
What combining form refers to kidneys?
Ren/o and Nephr/o
What term refers to testes?
Orch/o , orchi/o , orchid/o , or testicul/o
What is lagcmorph ?
Rabbit
What is a cavy?
Guinea pig
what does whelping mean
Giving birth to whelps / puppies
What is a mule ?
A equine
I counted 25 Heart beats in 15 seconds . What’s is the HR per min?
25 x 4 = 100 bpm
I counted 22 heart beats in 15 seconds . What is the HR per min ?
22 x 4 = 88 bpm
What does the Abbrevation ADR stands for?
Ain’t doing right
The Abreviation TPR stands for ?
Temperature ,Pulse , Respiration
What is Signalment?
A description of the animal with information about the animal
What does Intact mean ?
Not sexually altered still able to reproduce
A colt is an …?
Intact male equine that’s is four years in age and younger
A mare is an …?
Intact female that is 4 years or older
A Tom is an…?
Intact male cat
A queen is an ..?
Intact female cat
A 59.4 kg dog weighs how many Lb?
59.4 kg x 2.2 = 130.7 Lbs
What is the projecting part of canine and feline ears called?
Pinna
The knee in people is called the what in animals?
Stifle joint
The tail is cranial to the vertebral column .
True or false
False
The term Quadrupeds mean …?
An animal with four feet
What is the V-shaped pad of soft horn on the sole of an equine hoof ?
Frog
The rudimentary first digit of a dog and cat is called what?
Dewclaw
What bone is the shin bone of an equine?
Cannon bone
What is the normal range for a dogs heart rate?
70-160bpm
What is the normal range for a dogs respiratory rate ?
8-20RR
What’s the normal range for a dogs temperature?
100.5-102.5
Surgical puncture to remove fluid or gas?
Centesis
What the Medical term for prevention?
Prophylaxis
What is pathogen?
Microorganism that produces disease
What the Medical term for fever?
Febrile
What are the three major vaccines dogs are vaccinated with?
DHPP , rabies , bordetella
The fetlock is in between the _______ and ________ in ungulates?
The pattern and cannon
The mass of connective tissue, muscle and fat covering the ruminant chest is…?
Brisket
What is the tarsal joint of the caudal limb?
Hock
What is the palmar and plantar surface of the hoof?
Sole
What is the name for the nipple of the mammary gland?
Teat
Name for mammary gland?
Udder
What includes the two nostrils?
Muzzle
What’s is a stallion?
Intact male equine that is 4 years or older
What does auscultation means?
Examination by hearing
What does palpation mean?
Examination by touch
What does percussion mean?
Examination by tapping
What is zoonotic disease?
A disease that is transmittable to humans and animals
A decrease in body temperature is known as …?
Hypothermia
What’s the normal range for a cats temperature?
100.5-102.2
What does febrile mean?
Fever
What is an other term for fever?
Febrile
The term meaning ingestion of feces is ..?
coprophagy
Urinating on objects to mark territory is called ?
Spaying
The pouch that store an oily ,foul smelling fluid in dogs and cats are called?
Anal glands
What are symptoms of parvo in dogs?
Lethargy, abnormal pain,and bloating,fever or low body temp,vomiting and severe often bloody diarrhea
What are the symptoms of distemper
Fever ,nasal discharge,coughing,lethargy,reduced appetite ,and vomiting
What does SQ Stand for?
Subcutaneous
What does Hx stand for?
History
What does PE stand for ?
Physical Exam
The abbreviation IV stands for?
Intravenous
The abbreviation IM stands for?
Intramuscular
The abbreviation DHLPP stands for?
Distemper,Hepatitis,leptospirosis,parvo,parainfluenza
The abbreviation VX stands for…?
Vaccination
The pathogen that causes Parvo is a bacteria.
True or false
False
The DHPP and DHLPP are administered in different areas of the body.
True or false
False
The DHPP is administered in the right front shoulder SQ
True or false
True
Vaccinations for puppies and kittens should begin at 6 months of age .
True or false
False
The DHLPP is given IV.
True or false
False
Most vaccines are administered SQ.
True or false
True
The bordetella vaccine is most effective when administered intranasally
True or false
true
What’s an other name for bodetella?
Kennel cough
Bordetella can be inserted at 3 months
True or false
True
How often does bordetella be administered?
Once a year
Bordetella required for grooming?
True or false
True
How often does the DHPP be administered ?
Starts of 3 weeks, following up in 20 weeks, and then yearly
If the leptospirosis vx is administered it self ,it’s usually given in the ….?
Left hip SQ
What does eradicated mean ?
A virus that has a low likelyhood to contact
What does domesticated mean?
Not feral
Rabies have been eradicated in wild animals?
True or false
False
The pathogen that causes rabies is bacteria?
True or false
False
Rabies are zoonotic.
True or false
True
What animals can’t catch rabies?
Oppassum
How long is there first rabies vx good for ?
1 year
What does hepatitis mean ?
Inflammation of the liver
Hepatitis is cause by a virus.
True or false
True
Bubble gum seizures are associated with what canine disease?
Distemper
What does the abbreviation FVRCP stand for?
Feline Virus Rhinotracheitis ,Calicivirus,panleukopenia
Why is it important to vaccinate in the leg of a feline rather than in between the shoulder?
They can get a reaction from the vx which is easier to amputate their leg
Calicivirus is not considered a highly contagious .
True or false
True
Kitten vaccines should start at 1 year of age .
True or false
False they start at 6-8 weeks
Panleukopenia is caused by a bacteria.
True or false
False
What does anorexia mean in terms of an animal signs?
Loss of appetite LOA
What is the definition of ptyalism?
Hyper salvation / drooling a lot
What is the mode of transmission for calicivirus ?
Direct contact (D/C) with saliva,nasal mucus,eye discharge , and aerosol droplet when sneezing
What is the abbreviation FeLV stand for?
Feline Leukemia Virus
What does the abbreviation FIV stand for ?
Feline Immunedeficency Virus
Feline AIDS is an other term for ?
FIV
SID
Once a day
Every 24 hours
BID
Two times a day
Every 12 hours
TID
Three times a day
Every 8 hours
QID/QOD
Four times a day
Every 6 hours
Tx
Treatment
Dx
Diagnosis
Rx
Prescription
Sx
Surgery
NPO
Nothing by mouth / orally
CBC
Complete blood count
CRT
Capillary refill time
Cc
Cubic centimeter
Gt
Drop
Po
By mouth/orally
Prn
As needed
Q
Every
Q4
every 4hrs
Q6
Every 6 hrs
Q8
Every 8hrs
Q12
Every 12 hrs
Q24
Every 24 hrs
Qd
Every day
Pid
Four times daily
T
Tablespoon or tablet
Tab
Tablet
What is the most common fatal disease for felines?
FeLV
What is the signs of FeLV?
Skin,respiratory,urinary infections
Is there a vx for FeLV ? If so where is it administered
There is a vx and is administered LH Leg SQ
What is the mode of transmission for FeLV?
Bite form infected cat, WBC destroyed +immune system
Felines with FeLV usually die from what?
Secondary infection or euthanasia
What test is used to determine if a feline has FeLV?
Snap test
What bodily fluid is used for the snap test?
Blood
FIV is caused by a bacteria .
True or false
False
How is FIV transmitted?
Direct contact and bite wound
Is there a vx for FIV?
No
If a feline test positive for FiV ,what should happen?
They need to isolate if they are positive for FIV
A feline can not be a carrier for FIV
True or false
False
What is the test to determine if a feline has FIV?
Snap test
FIV attacks the felines immune system .
True or false
True
Felines with FIV usually die from the virus itself .
True or false
True
What is the definition of volume?
The space liquid takes up
What care the most commonly used needle gauge sizes in veterinary medicine ?
18 G , 20 G, 22 G, 24 G
(The bigger the number is the smaller the needle it is )
What are the most commonly used needle length in veterinary medicine?
1/2 “ , 1” , 1 1/2 “
What are the three most common injections angles in veterinary medicine ?
SQ=45 Degrees , IV=25 degrees , IM=90 degrees
What angle should the needle be when given a IM injection?
90
What angle should the needle be when given SQ injection ?
45
What angle should the needle be when given IV injection?
25
What’s Patella luxation?
Dislocation of the knee cap
Oste/o, oss/e , oss/i means..
Bone
Arthr/o means..
Joint
Ambulation means ?
A type of movement or mobility
_________ produces RBC ,WBC , and clotting cells?
Red bone marrow
One of the hardest tissues in the body is …
Bone
What are four different types of connective tissue associated with skeletal system
Bone,tendon ,ligament,cartilage
Ligaments connects bone to bone .
True or false
True
The bones of axial skeleton makeup the core of the body?
True
The ball and socket joints are the joints affected by hip dysplasia.
True or false
True
Joints are cushion between bones.
True or false
False
Ligaments connect muscle to bone.
True or false
False
The axial skeleton is made up of bones of the limbs .
True or false
False
What’s the abbreviation for fracture?
Fx
Combining form for crani/o
Bone
The combining form for cost/o
Rib
Hock is an other term for ______?
ankle
The pelvis is a part of the front hind limb.
True or false
True
The femur is part of the front limb.
True or false
False
The radius is apart of the front limb.
True or false
True
The scapula is part of the hindlimb.
True or false
False
The patella is the …
Knee
Luxation is the bad abnormal development of the bones .
True or false
False
The cervical spine is part of the appendicular skeleton.
True or false
False
The vertebrae of the tail are called …?
Caudal
The acetabulum is a socket of the pelvis.
True or false
True
The ribs protect the ______ and _______.
Heart and lungs
A disease for abnormal; condition of muscle is called Myopathy.
True or false
True
protrusion of a body part through tissues that normally contain it is called _____.
Hernia
The ______ is the upper jaw.
Maxilla
The atlas is a part of the cervical spine.
True or false
True
The axis is the first vertebrae of the cervical spine.
True or false
False
Flexor and extensor are examples of range of motion .
True or false
False
A compound Fx is a broken bone in which there is no open wound in the skin .
True or false
False
_______ is the proximal long bone of the front limb.
Femur
The tibia is larger and more weight bearing than the fibula.
True or false
True
Dogs have phalanges on both the front and hind limbs .
True or false
True
Femur is the distal long bone of the front and hind limbs.
True or false
False
Ligaments connect one bone to another bone.
True or false
True
The hamstrings is a common place to give a canine an IM injection.
True or false
True
The hamstrings is located in the proximal front limb.
True or false
False
The abbreviation GI means_____.
Gastrointestinal
The abbreviation H20 Means ..
Water
Emesis means ..
Vomit
Emetic means..
To produce vomit
The muscular system generates Heat.
True or false
True
Joints are the _____ between bones.
Connection
Ossification is the __________ of bone
Formation
The abbreviation spondyl/o stands for sacral vertebrae .
True or false
False
The correct order of the vertebral segment is …
A) C, T , L , S,C
B) C, L,T,C, S
C) T, L, C, S, C
D) T, C, L, S, C
C, T ,L, S , C
The GI System is a long muscular tube.
True or false
true
One of the functions of the GI system is the elimination of waste product.
True or false
True
The kidneys are apart of the GI system.
True or false
False
Deciduous teeth are temporary teeth .
True or false
false
Canines have a total of 30 teeth
True or false
False
The combining for form stomat/o means stomach.
True or false
False ( stomat/o = body)
The tongue is a muscular organ in the oral cavity.
True or false
True
The soft palate is inside the oral cavity.
True or false
True
Felines have Canine teeth.
True or false
True
Dental formulas are a paste for brushing a pets teeth .
True or false
False
It’s the amount of teeth an animal has on each side
Combining form for bucc/o?
Cheek
What is a Sterile field?
A clean disinfected room / work area where a vet can do Sx in
What is the mayo stand?
A silver stand tray where tools are placed on during Sx
What is an endotracheal tube?
A tube inserted down the oral cavity into the trachea ( throat) to provide oxygen
What is an IV catheter used for?
Anesthesia, IV liquids , to insert meds
What does the abbreviation ABC mean?
Airway , Breathing , Circulation
Normal temperature for a feline ?
100.5 - 102.5
What is a normal feline Heart rate ?
150-210BPM
Normal temperature for Equine?
99-101.5
What’s the Normal Equine Heart rate range?
28 - 50 BPM
What is the normal feline respiratory rate?
8-30 RR
What is the normal equine respiratory rate?
8 - 16 RR
How many sides are in a patient cage?
6 sides
What does “ give H2O PRN “ mean ?
Water as needed
What does the abbreviation TGH mean?
To Go Home
When walking a patient outside you should place 2 leashes on that patient .
True or false
True
What’s the abbreviation for patient ?
PT
A patient record is what type of document?
Legal document
The abbreviation N/M means what ?
Neutered male
The __________ is a cavity that joins the respiratory and GI system
Thoracic Cavity
The abdominal cavity is located between the diaphragm and the _______.
Pelvic cavity
The esophagus is located dorsal to the trachea.
True or false
True
Combining form for Liver
Hepat/o
What does Intact mean when describing reproductive status
still able to reproduced / still have their reproductive parts
Inflammation of the stomach is called?
Gastritits
What is the abbreviation for changed?
🔺’ed
What does the S/F mean ?
Spayed female
What patient information is included in signalment?
Species,breed,age,sexual status
How do you correct a mistake in a medical record?
Cross it out and put your initials
Black,blue,red ink can be used in a medical record.
True or false
False
“If its not written down , it didn’t happen”
True or false
True
How many ML’s are in a canine a feline VX?
1 ML’s
When drawing up a canine or feline vx , what size syringe should be used?
3 cc
When administering a canine or feline vx ,what needle size. Should you use?
25 Ga
Should you change the needle after drawing up the vaccine and before administering it ?
Yes every time
Barium is a contrast material used for radiographic studies to evaluate the GI tract .
True or false
True
Blood test can be used to detect some diseases of the GI tract .
True or false
True
A biopsy is a blood test.
True or false
False
Postprandial is testing before eating .
True or false
False
A fecal examination is used to detect external parasites .
True or false
False ( internal parasites)
Anorexia means …
Lack or loss of appetite. ( LOA)
Hypoglycemia means what
Lower then normal sugar levels
What does pyometra mean?
Pus in the uterus
CBC
Complete blood count
DSH
Domestic Short Hair
Abbreviation for Fracture
Fx
What does Inj mean ?
Injured
What does URI mean
Upper Respiratory Infection
What does the abbreviation UA mean
Urinalysis
What does the abbreviation CRT mean
Capillary Refill Time
What does the abbreviation DHPP stand for?
Distemper, Hepatitis , Parainfluenza , Parvo
Where is DHPP administered?
Right Front Shoulder SQ
Where is the FVRCP Vx administered ?
Front leg SQ
Where is rabies Vx given?
Right hind Leg SQ
How long is the first rabies vx good for in canines?
6 years
How long is the rabies Vx good for in felines?
1 year
What is one of the objectives for the urinary system?
Removes waste from the body by constantly filtering blood
What is a major waste product of protein metabolism in the urinary system .
urea , which is filtered by the kidneys
What is polyuria
Excessive urine and frequency of urination
Homeostasis adjust to conditions to maintain a stable internal environment .
True or false
True
What are the combining forms for urine
Urin/o and ur/o
Blood flows through each kidney through the _____ ______?
Renal artery
What’s an other term of urination ?
Excretion, voiding , elimination, micturition
Combining form for Urethra ?
Urethr/o
What does Anuria mean?
Absence of urine
What does oliguria mean?
Scant amount or frequency of urine
A urine test strip can test for glucose in the urine .
True or false
True
Urine test strips can only test for blood in the urine if it is visible to the naked eye.
True or false
False
Renal diseases can be Acute or …
Chronic
FLUTD is abbreviation for…
Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease
In male cats, urethral obstruction is commonly associated with what disease?
FLUTD
Cystitis means urinary bladder pain ?
True or false
False it mean inflammation of urinary bladder
Urinary calculus is abnormal mineral deposits.
True or false
True
What’s the combining form for Calculus ?
Lith/o
Incontinence is the inability to control urine.
True or false
True
Inappropriate urinate is always behavioral problem.
True or false
True
What is the abbreviation for blood urea nitrogen.
BUN
The presence of glucose in urine can be indicate Diabetes Mellitus .
True or false
True
Blood glucose levels lower in diabetes mellitus .
True or false
False they increase
The presence of ___________ in canine and feline urine is typical of an animal with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus .
Glucose / high sugar levels
Urine acidic pH is typical in animals who eat a ______ diet
Meat diet
Cyst/o is combining form for?
Urinary bladder
Basic or Alkaline urine pH is typical in animals who eat a ________ diet.
Cereal grain diet
What is the definition of Nephropathy
Disease of the kidneys
________ is the inability of the kidneys to function.
ARF
ARF
Acute Renal Failure
ARF may be caused but a nephrotoxin.
True or false
True
What are the four heart chambers?
Right Atrium , Right ventricle, Left ventricle , Left atrium
There are two type of circulation .
True or false
True
What are the two types of circulation
Pulmonary circulation and Systemic circulation
What type of circulation lets Blood flow out the heart through the lung and back to the heart?
Pulmonary
What type of circulation lets Blood flow to all parts of the body except to the lungs
Systemic
What’s another name for the cardiovascular system ?
Circulatory system
The heart is located inside what cavity?
Thoracic cavity / chest cavity
The heart lies between the lungs in a cavity called mediastinum.
True or false
True
Mediastinum contains…?
Large blood vessels, trachea,esophagus,lymph nodes.
The heart is covered by the
Pericardium
Double-walled membranous sac enclosing the heart is
Pericardium
The pericardial fluid causes friction between the heart and and pericardium when the heart beats .
True or false
False pericardial fluid prevents friction
Necrosis means …
Death tissue / tissue death
The narrow tip of the heart is called ?
apex
Blood flow through the heart is controlled by valves.
True or false
True
What a membranous fold?
Valve
The rate and regularity of the heart rhythm is called the _____ ______.
Heart beat
The abbreviation for electrocardiogram is _______ or _________.
ECG or EKG
What is brachycardia?
Abnormally slow heart beat
What is trachycardia?
Abnormally rapid heartbeat
The term systole means expansion .
True or false
False it means contraction
The term diastole means contraction .
True or false
False it means expansion
A heart murmur is an abnormal sound associated with the turbulent blood flow.
True or false
True
Murmurs are abnormal swooshing cardiac sounds.
True or false
True
Combining form vas/o means..
Vessel
The abbreviation CHF means..
Congestive Heart Failure
Diuretics are used to treat CHF.
True or false
False they are chemical substances used to cause in increase in urine production
Dirofilariosis means
Heart worm infection
Prophylaxis is available for dirofilarosis.
True or false
False, Prophylaxis means prevention and Prophylactic is a medicine that prevents dirofilarosis
Abbreviation for PDA
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Bluish tinge is called ..
Cyanosis
The right atrium receives blood from all tissues ,except lungs through the _______ __________.
Cranial and caudal venae cavae
The right ventricle pumps blood through the pulmonary semilunar valve and into the pulmonary artery which carries it to the ________.
Lungs
What are two parts of the respiratory system?
Upper and lower
What’s the definition of dyspnea?
Difficult or labored breathing
What are the vessels that return blood to the heart ?
Veins
What are vessels that carry blood away from the heart?
Artery
Where does most gas exchange occur ?
Alveoli
Ventilation is ….
Intake of fresh air
Abnormally rapid respiratory rate is ________.
Tachypnea
Inhaling a foreign substance into the upper respiratory tract is ….
Aspiration
Term for voice box?
Larynx
Tube placed through the oral cavity ,pharynx,and larynx, into the trachea is called
Endotracheal tube
Horns, hooves and nails are apart of the integumentary system .
True or false
True
Skin does not play a role in waterproof for the body .
True or false
False ( it does play a part)
What are the three layers that makeup the skin?
Epidermis, dermis, and Subcutaneous layer
Ring worms are an example of __________.
Endoparasite
Mange is caused by a _______.
Mites
The most superficial layer of skin is __________.
Epidermis
What type of mange is zoonotic?
Saroptic ( scabies)
Pyoderma is the skin disease that contains …..
Pus
a localized collection of pus is an _________.
Abscess
Combining form Onych/o means ..
Claw
Vestigial pad is called ….
Chestnut
Trich/o is combining form for….
Hair
Complete lack of hair
Alopecia
A skin scraping is used to detect what?
Mites
A fatty tumor is ….
Lipoma
Shedding is normal hair loss.
True or false
True
Dermis means
Skin
The suffix derma means skin.
True or false
True
Cutane/o is a combining form for …
Skin
Histamine is an anticoagulant chemical released in response to injury.
True or false
False , its a chemical released in response to allergens that cause itching
________ perception is the ability to Recorgnize touch sensation.
Tactile
The quick is not a sensitive tissue .
True or false
False
Dewclaws are rudimentary bones.
True or false
True
Acute moist dermatitis is commonly called ______.
Hot spot
Acute monastic dermatitis is caused by a _________________ infection.
Bacterial skin disease
Hooves are the _____ _______ of the distal phalanx in ungulates
Horny covering
Pruritus
Itching
An Accidental cut to the skin
Laceration
Urticaria is an other word for …
Hives
Dermatophytes are caused by ?
Ringworms
A chestnut is a ___________ _________ in equines.
Medial surface
The thyroid gland regulates ______ and blood calcium levels.
Metabolism
Metabolism is the bodies process of taking food and converting it into energy .
True or false
True
The thyroid gland is located on the either side of the ……
Larynx
There are four parathyroid glands .
True or false
True
There are _____ adrenal glands?
Two
The adrenal gland hormones are classified as _______
Steroids
The adrenal glands are located cranial to the liver.
True or false
False
The adrenal gland regulate electrolytes and metabolism .
True or false
True
The endocrine function of the pancreas maintain blood______ levels .
Glucose
The pancreas secretes _______.
Insulin and glucagon
Insulin hormones decreases blood glucose levels.
True or false .
True
The gonalds are glands that produce gametes (sex cells )
True or false
True
Gonalds are the _____ in females and the _______ in males
Ovaries an testes
Ovaries secrete estrogen and ….
Progesterone
The testes secrete ________.
Testosterone
Hormones enter the _________ and affect tissue and organs .
Blood stream
Endo means …
Within or inside
-crine means to ______ or ________.
Secrete or separate
The pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain ..
True or false
True
What gland is known as the master gland?
Pituitary gland
________ stimulates uterine contractions during parturition and milk letdown from the mammary ducts
Oxytocin
The abbreviation TSH means..
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
A THS test is used to detect _________.
Hypothyroidism
The abbreviation ACTH means
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
An ACTH stim test is a blood analysis test used to measure ________ levels .
Cortisol
An ACTH stim test is used to test for Hyperadrenocorticism .
True or false
True
Hyperadrenocorticism is also called …
Cushing disease
Addison disease is also known as …
hypoadrenalcorticism
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas
Pancreatitis can be life threatening.
True or false
True
What are three signs of pancretitis
Vomiting, fever, dehydration
What does dietary indiscretion mean
Animals eating fatty foods
The insufficient secretion of insulin or recognition of insulin is ……
Diabetes mellitus
________ is one of the most common health conditions in middle age dogs and cats .
Diabetes
Obesity is one of the underlying causes of …..
Diabetes mellitus
Abnormally elevated blood glucose is …..
Hyperglycemia
The study of hormonal system
Endocrine system
P/U
Polyuria
P/D
Polydipsia
P/U an P/D are seen in what two diseases?
Cushing disease , diabetes, hypothyroidism
The term for sex cell is ….
Gamete
Abnormally low blood glucose
Hypoglycemia
a tumor of the islet of langerhans of the pancreas is called…?
Insuliomia
Hypoadrenocorticism , a disorder caused by deficient adrenal cortex production of glucocorticoid , also known as _______.
Addison disease
Which hormone maintains water balance in the body by increasing water reabsorption in the kidney?
Antidiuretic hormone
Which hormone transports blood glucose to the cells?
Hyperinsulinism
What are the two small glands located on top of the kidneys?
Adrenal glands
What is the butterfly shaped gland on either side of the larynx ?
Thyroid gland
Condition of excessive thyroid hormone
Hyperthyroidism
Condition of decreases thyroid hormone
Hypothyroidism
Epinephrine is made in the gland above the kidney called the __________ gland.
Adrenal
The purpose of the reproductive system is to _________.
To produce off springs
What is the combining form for organs of the reproduction
Genit/o
The male reproductive system is responsible for producing ovum.
True or false
False
The functions of the scrotum is to___________.
Regulates and protects the testes
Testes are located in the scrotum so they can be maintained at temperature that is below body temperature.
True or false
True
_______________ is production of male gametes.
Spermatogenesis
The ductus deferens carries _______ from the epididymis to the urethra .
Sperm
All accessory sex glands are present in all species .
True or false
False
The area of skin between the scrotum ( in males / vaginal orifice ( in females ) and the anus is the perineum .
True or false
False in females its the vulva
The retractable fold of skin covering the glans penis is the ______.
Prepuce / aka foreskin
The functions of the females reproductive system is to _____________
To create and support life
Ovaries produce estrogen ,progesterone , and ova.
True or false
True
Fertilization ,when an egg and sperm come together ,occur in the uterus.
True or false
True
Fertilization ,when an egg and sperm come together, occurs in the uterus.
True or false
True
The ovum is ________ gamete
Female sex cell
The inner layer of the uterus
Endometrium
The uterus house the developing __________ during pregnancy
Embryo
What is the mammary gland in large animals?
Udder
What connects the uterus to the vagina ?
Cervix
The ______ _______ are the milk producing glands in female
Mammary glands
What is the Heat cycle in female called?
Estrous cycle
The purpose of the estrous cycle is to prepare the uterus to accept a fertilized ovum.
True or false
True ( in human terms it’s basically ovulation)
What is it called if an animal has ONE estrous cycle per year ?
Monoestrous
What is it called if an animal has MORE then one estrous cycle per year?
Polyestrous
_______ and _______ are terms that mean sexual intercourse.
Copulation and coitus
________ is the period of development of the fetus from conception to parturition.
Gastation
The gastation period for a dog is ….?
58-71 days ; avg 63 days
The gastation period for a cat is …..?
58-71 days; avg 63 days
The gestation period for a horse …?
320 - 360 days. ; avg 340
Act of giving birth
Parturition
Difficult birth
Dystocia
First milk produced after giving birth
Colostrum
A dog’s or cat’s temp will drop below 100F 24 hours before giving birth.
True or false
True
Condition of having both ovarian and testicular tissue is called ?
Hermaphroditism
Pus in the uterus
Pyometra
_______ is retraction of the skin of the prepuce causing a painful swelling of glans penis that prevents the penis from retracting.
Paraphimosis
Frenchies and English bulldog usually require C-sections to whelp.
true or false
True
an ovariohysterectomy is also called a ….?
Spay
___________ is when one or both testes fail to descend from the scrotum.
Cryptorchidism
Inflammation of the mammary glands
Metritis
The basic unit of the nervous system?
Neuron
Why are the three types of neurons
Sensory, associative,motor
Carry’s impulses toward CNS
Sensory nuerons
Carries impulses from one neuron to another
Associative neurons
Carry impulses Away
Motor neurons
Largest part of the brain
Cerebrum
What is the function of cerebrum
Receives and process sensory information and controls voluntary movement and stores info
_______ connects the CNS to other parts of the body
Nerve
A protective covering over some nerve cells is …… ?
Myelin
What are the two main parts of the nervous system
Central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)
______ Carries impulses
Neurons
The structures of CNS are…?
Brain and Spinal cord
The structures for PNS are…?
Cranial nerves,automatic nervous system,spinal nerves ad ganglia
Two types of receptors are _______ and _________.
Nociceptive ( pain receptors) & proprioceptive (spatial orientation or perception of movement)
The combining form for Nerve
Neur/i , neur/o
Sensory receptor that receive pain is……
nociceptors
Activates or excites something
Stimulus
Reflex is a what type of response?
Involuntary response
What surround ,nourishes, and cushions the CNS?
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
The brainstem connects the cerebral hemispheres with the …
Spinal cord
The cerebellum coordinates movement and…
Muscle activity
Nerves carry impulses that connect CNS to the …
Rest of the body
The spinal cord regulates HR
True or false
True
What does olfactory receptors mean ?
Smell
The cerebellum is the largest part of the brain . True or false
False ,its the second largest part
What is the function of the cerebellum ?
Coordinates movement ad balance part of the hind brain
The synapse is the junction between two neurons.
True or false
True
The autonomic nervous system controls what type of functions?
Involuntary
HR and Digestion are voluntary functions .
True or false
False
_______ nervous system control voluntary movement.
Somatic nervous system
Lack of coordination
Ataxia
Optic means?
Sight/vision
The spinal nerves are paired with the ______ of the same name and number
Vertebra
Gran mal is the most common type of seizures in animals
True or false
True
An other term for conscious
Alert
Proprioception deficit is..?
Being aware of ones surrounding and body
Knuckling
Idiopathic epilepsy means…?
Unknown cause of recurrent seizures
Water in the brain
Hydrocephalus
Myoparasis
Weakness of muscles
What does IVDD mean?
Intervertebral disc disease
Vistubular disease is mostly seen in ______ dogs
Older
Analgesia
Without pain / pain relief
Anesthesia and anesthetic are the same.
True or false
False
Anesthesia
Absence of sensation
anesthetic
Substances used to induce Anesthesia
Tropic Anesthesia
Absence of sensation after a substance have been applied to the skin or external surface ( ex. Numbing cream)
Local anesthesia
Abstained of sensation after chemical injection
( ex. The shot your dentist puts in your gums )
Epidural anesthesia
Absence of sensation after a chemical injection in the epidural space
( shot in the back / the spine nerves)
General anesthesia
Absence of sensation and consciousness
(couscous/ awake but can’t feel anything)
Ganglia are knot like mass of nerves .
True or false
True
What activates “flight or fight”
Sympathetic
Returns body to normal after “flight or fight”
Parasympathetic
Ganglia or ganglion
Voluntary movement
(Ex . Grabbing a pencil )
Cranial nerves
Sensory impulses
(Smell, hear, see )
Spinal nerves
Transmits information from the body to the brain to perceive sensation
(Touch , pain , hot or cold)
Autonomic nervous system
Involuntary function
(Does it it self HR, RR,breathing, blinking)
What system is responsible for Vision?
Ocular system
Combining form for eye or sight
Ocul/o , Opt/o
Within the eyeball
Intraocular
Outside the eyeball
Entraocular
Around the eyeball
Periocular
An accessory structure for an organ is called?
Adnexa or stroma
What are the six main accessory structures for the eye?
Orbit, eye muscles, eyelash, conjunctiva,eyelids,lacrimal appartus
The _________ is the bony cavity of the skull that contains the eyeball
Orbit
The eye muscles work together to make _______ vision possible
Binocular
The eyelids protect the eyeball from_______, _________ and ________.
Injury, foreign material, and excessive light
The ____ is where the upper and lower eyelid meets
Canthus
The ____membrane protects the eyeball when the eye is closed
Mucous ( conjunctiva) nictitating memebrane
_____is the condition of normal tear production
Lacrimation
The eyeball has three major parts
Sclera,choroid,rentina
The_____ provides most of the focusing power of the eye
Cornea
__________ is used to examine the interior eye structures
Opthalmoscope
________ is a procedure to measure Intraocular pressure indirectly
Tonometry
Veterinarians use _____________ to determine if an injury has occurred or if there is an ulcer on the cornea
Fluorescein dye stain
________ is the involuntary ,constant ,rhythmic movement of the eye
Nystagmus
Inflammation of the conjunctiva is called?
Conjunctivitis
Entropion is when the eyelid turns outward
TRUE or FALSE
False
Lubrication of the eyeball is important prior to anesthesia because animals do not bling while under deep anesthesia
TRUE or FALSE
True
The ______is the external portion of the ear that catches sound waves and transmits them to the external auditory canal.
Pinna
The ______,_______,____ transmits sound from the pinna to the eardrum
External auditory canal
The eardrum is called the ________ ______.
Tympanic membrane
The eardrum separates the inner ear from the middle ear
TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
______ _______is when sound waves enter the pinna, travel through the auditory canal, and strike the tympanic membrane.
Air conduction
_______ is the term used when the tympanic vibrates and the ossicles conduct sound waves through the middle ear.
Bone conduction
when sound waves initiate nerve impulses that Relay to the brain it is called ________ _______.
Sensorineural conduction
What’s is used to examine the ear?
Otoscope
An aural hematoma is a collection or mass of blood in the eye.
TRUE or FALSE
True
What are biting parasites found in the ear?
Otodectes mites
Dogs with long ears are more likely to have otitis.
TRUE or FALSE
True
Inflammation of the ear
Otitis
Abbreviation for both ears
AU
Abbreviation for left ear
AS
Removal of part of ear
Ablation
Auricle is also known as pinna
TRUE or FALSE
True
Ear pain
Otalgia
After draining an aural hematoma,the ear needs to be bandaged to the head to reduce the risk of the hematoma occurring again.
TRUE OR FALSE
True
_______ ________are used to remove foreign ,arterial from the ear .
Alligator foreceps
sensory receptors for hearing and balance are found in the ______ _____.
Inner ear
The three small bones in the middle ear is responsible for transmitting sound waves are called _______ ______.
Auditory ossicles
What is when the eye is displaced from the orbit?
Proptosis
Proptosis of the eye is the most common reason for enucleation .
TRUE or FALSE
True
a group of eye disorders resulting form increased Intraocular pressure is _____.
Glautoma
Foxtails are an example of foreign material that can be in the eyes or ears of a pet.
TRUE or FALSE
True
Abbreviation for PLR
Pupillary light reflex
Pupillary light reflex test checks pupils response to light
TRUE or FALSE
True
During PLR test , the pupil should get …
Smaller
Abbreviation for right eye
OD
Abbreviation for both ears
AU
Study of blood
Hematology
Formation of blood
Hematopoiesis
Medical term for drawing blood
Venipuncture
Process of clotting
Coagulation
What is the liquid portion of blood with clotting proteins removed?
Serum
Straw- colored fluid portion of blood that transports nutrients ,hormones and waste product?
Plasma
Mature RBC
Erythrocyte
WBC is called..
Leukocytes
What is a clotting cell?
Thrombocyte
- Leukocytosis is an _____ in the number of ______.
- Elevation 2. WBC
Decrease number of RBC?
Anemia
- Leukopenia is an ________ in the number of ________.
- Decrease 2. WBC
abnormal decrease in the number of clotting cells?
Thrombocytopenia
a condition of engulfing or eating blood cells?
Phagocytes
A blood protein that transports oxygen
Hemoglobin
Which tube is used for CBC ?
Purple top tube
What vein should be used in venipuncture when possible?
Jugular vein
It’s best to save __________ vein for IV catheter placement?
Cephalic
The______ vein can be used in an aggressive dog to avoi being near the mouth?
Saphenous
Lost of blood usually in short period of time
Hemorrhage
Small bean shaped structures are called…
Lymph nodes
What means Exempt from or protected against foreign substances?
Immunity
The lymph nodes,tonsils,spleen,and the thymus are structures of the what system…
Lymphatic
A vaccine is administered to stimulate a protective immune response against a specific pathogen.
TRUE or FALSE
True
What top tube color is a STT?
Red top
A set has an ______________ in it?
Anticoagulant
If you need serum to run a test, you should collect blood in a _________ top tube
Purple top tube
Lymphocytes are WBS that play a role in Immune response.
TRUE or FALSE
True
What are the two main type of specialized lymphocytes?
T and B lymphocytes
T cells mature in …?
Thymus
What tube top has gel clot activator?
Red
If you need plasma to run a test, you should collect blood in what color top tube?
Purple
The first line of defense is ….?
Intact skin
An overreaction of the body to a particular antigen is called an…
Allergy
A noncancerous tumor is called
Benign
A cancerous tumor is called…
Malignant
An antibody is a disease fighting ______ produced by the body in response to the presence of a specific antigen
Protein
_________ in the nares of the respiratory system is part of the immune system..
Cilia
A chemical that prevents or reduce the body’s normal reaction to disease
Immunosuppressants
Spleenectomy
Surgical removal of the spleen
Removal of tissue for examination
Biopsy
Malignant neoplasm composed of bone
Osteosarcoma
Cyte
Cell
Oma
Tumor
O/rrhea
Flow of
Osis
Condition of
Stomy
Creating a new surgical opening
Penia
Decrease ,needs lack of
Pathy
Disease
Malacia
Abnormal softening
Scope
Instrument for examining or observing
Scopy
Looking or examining procedure
Arthr/o
Joint
Angi/o
Blood vessel
Blephar/o
Eyelid
Carcin
Cancer
Cecal or Cec/o
Colon
Chondr/o
Cartilage
My/o
Muscle
What direction is this?
Cranial
What direction is this?
Rostral
What direction is this?
Distal
What direction is this?
Ventral
What direction is this?
Caudal
What direction is this?
Dorsal
What direction is this ?
Dorsal
What direction is this?
Plantar
What direction is this?
Palmar
What is A?
Medial
What is B?
Lateral
What is A?
Distal
What is B?
Proximal
What’s A?
Cranium
What’s B?
Vertebral column
What’s C?
Pelvis
What’s D?
Scapula
What’s E?
Humerus
What’s F?
Radius
What’s G?
Carpus
What’s H?
Ribs
What’s I?
Patella
What’s J?
Tibia
What’s K?
Sternum
What’s L?
Ulna
What’s M?
Metacarpus
What’s N?
Phalanges
What’s P?
Fibula
What’s Q?
Tarsus/ Hock
What’s R/
Metatarsus
What’s S?
Maxilla
What’s T?
Mandible
What’s U?
Clavicle
