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HTST 402 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Kenya. War in 1950s

A

Mau Mau war

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2
Q

The Mau Mau Rebels begin with…

A

the killing of a white settler in 1952

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3
Q

Operation Jock Scott Oct 1952 and Operation Anvil 1954

A

both in Nairobi, swept through the city stopping all Africans to see if they are with the Mau Mau

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4
Q

Portugal’s dictator that didn’t want to end colonization

A

Antonio Salazar (1932-68) and Marcello Caetano (1968-74),

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5
Q

Mozambique War start

A

1960 with the Mueda Massacre (500 killed by Portuguese forces)

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6
Q

Mueda Massacre inspired X

A

FRELIMO led by Eduardo Mondlane and then by Samora Machel backed by USSR

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7
Q

FRELIMO used X as a staging area and war became a X war

A

Recently independent Tanzania and conventional war

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8
Q

Angola War began with…

A

a rural rebellion in northern Angola

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9
Q

First Angolan rebel faction

A

FNLA (1961), led by Holden Roberto, based in the North and popular among the Bakongo ethnic group

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10
Q

FNLA staging country and backer

A

Congo/Zaire and US (initially)

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11
Q

Second Angolan rebel faction

A

MPLA (1963), led by Agostino Neto, based in Luanda

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12
Q

MPLA staging country and backer

A

Zambia and USSR

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13
Q

Third Angolan rebel faction

A

UNITA (1966), led by Jonas Savimbi, based in the South among the Ovimbundu ethnic group

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14
Q

UNITA staging country and backer

A

Kicked out of Zambia, started with China and then switched to US during Civil War

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15
Q

Guinea-Bissau rebel movement

A

PAIGC (1956), led by Amilcar Cabral

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16
Q

PAIGC backers

A

Rep. of Guinea, Cuba (Castro), USSR, Senegal (1966) and Nigeria (1970)

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17
Q

Caetano was overthrown in 1974 by the military. Tried to create a regime under Antonio de Spinola, but that didn’t work. When the new democratic nation came in, they gave independence to all the African nations in 1975

A

Carnation Revolution 1974

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18
Q

First major Cango political party

A

ABAKO, led by Joseph Kasavubu, wanted to reunite Bakongo across different Arican countries, based in Leopoldville.

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19
Q

Second major Congo political party

A

MNC, led by Patrice Lumumba, based in Stanleyville, wanted Congo do be a coherent independent state

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20
Q

Third major Cango poltical party

A

CONAKAT, led by Moise Tshombe, based in Katanga, wanted Katanga to be its own country, pro-western and anti-communist

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21
Q

Fourth major Congo Political party

A

South Kasai, led by Albert Kalonji, similar motives to CONAKAT

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22
Q

First President of Congo

A

Joseph Kasavubu

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23
Q

First PM of Congo

A

Patrice Lumumba

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24
Q

Near collapse of Congo gave an opportunity to X

A

Katanga Secession (1960-63).

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25
Q

Katanga Secession (1960-63).

A

UN force (ONUC) called in, crushed in 1963. Followout from Congo independence.

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26
Q

Rebellion in the East (1964-67)

A

Rebels were supporters of Lumumba and backed by USSR and China. Crushed by American and Francophone forces. Gave rise to Mobutu.

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27
Q

Mobutu coup in X

A

1965

28
Q

The Nigerian Civil War (1967-70)

A

The Southeast of Nigeria, Biafra, is what tried to break away. The resources here were the oil industry.

29
Q

Nigerian government backed by X

A

UK and USSR

30
Q

First PM of Nigeria

A

Abubakar Balewa (Northern People’s Congress)

31
Q

Five Majors Coup

A

led by Kaduna Nzeugwu in Jan 1966. Not very successful, so they had power over to Major Gen. Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi through complex events. They killed a lot of politicians, but not the Igbo president, even further seen as an ethnic coup. In May 1966 they abolished federalism. Once this happens, all the other regions are not happy, especially the Northerners

32
Q

Counter-coup in July 1966

A

Northern Officers do it, They immediately reinstate federalism, which led to Biafra succession in 1967

33
Q

Original Zimbabwe Nationalist movement

A

ZAPU, led by Joshua Nkomo, because it had to fight it was more radical than political movements

34
Q

Second Zimbabwe movement

A

Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (ZANLA), ZANU army, focused on Shona ethnic groups, supported by Chinese Communists, adopted a Maoist strategy (guerilla warfare) in Eastern Zimbabwe (out of Mozambique)

35
Q

First Namibia independence movement

A

South West African National Union SWANU, a movement more devoted to peaceful protests. It didn’t really survive past the 50s because of that

36
Q

Second Namibia independence movement

A

South West African Peoples Organization SWAPO, they created People Liberation Army of Namibia PLAN in 1962

37
Q

SWAPO host country and backer

A

Zambia, Tanzania, and USSR (later MPLA)

38
Q

Area of SWA/Namibia where fighting was

A

Ovamboland

39
Q

MPLA military

A

FAPLA

40
Q

Uganda dictator from 1971

A

Idi Amin

41
Q

Kagera War 1978-79

A

Tanzania-Uganda war, started by Amin, Tanzania won easily throwing Amin out of power

42
Q

Ugandan exiles fighting on Tanzanian side, eventually Ugandan military

A

UNLA

43
Q

Leader before and after Amin

A

Obote

44
Q

Side and leader that defeated Obote and UNLA in Uganda

A

Yoweri Museveni and National Resistance Association (NRA)

45
Q

Former Obote regime that continued fighting

A

Ugandan Peoples Democratic Army UPDA

46
Q

Crazy Christian lady and her “force”

A

Holy Spirit Movement and Holy Spirit Mobile force HSMF, led by Alice Auma (Lakwena)

47
Q

More famous Christian cult leader and army

A

Lord Resistance Movement/Amry LRA, led by Joseph Kony

48
Q

Emperor of Ethiopia up to 1974

A

Haile Selassie

49
Q

Ethiopia coup led by X

A

Mariam Mengistu, USSR backed

50
Q

Dictator of Somalia until 1991

A

Siad Barre

51
Q

X-Somalism

A

Pansomalism, Somali people in Ethiopia, Djibouti, and Kenya

52
Q

War between Ethiopia and Somalia

A

Ogaden War (77-78)

53
Q

First rebel force in Ethiopia

A

Eritrean Liberation Front ELF. This first movement was more of a Islamic one, backed by Arab nations

54
Q

Second rebel force in Ethiopia

A

Eritrean Peoples Liberation Front, more of a Christian movement

55
Q

Battle of Afabet

A

the Ethiopians are trapped by the Eritreans and they lose 18k troops, 50 tanks, 100 trucks, 60 artillery pieces, and more

56
Q

Third rebels in Ethiopia

A

Tigray, didn’t start as a independence movement, they just wanted to be Christian and stop with the communism

57
Q

Tigray force

A

Tigray People’s Liberations Front TPLF, struggled to turn themselves into a conventional army, more of a guerilla

58
Q

Addis Ababa falls in X to X

A

1991 to TPLF and EPLF, Eritrea gets independence

59
Q

Congo/Zaire Dictator

A

Mobuto Sese Seko (Joseph Mobutu)

60
Q

Leader of Rwanda

A

Kagame

61
Q

Leader of Uganda

A

Museveni

62
Q

The guy put in control after Mobutu

A

Laurent Kabila

63
Q

Pro-Kabila side

A

Congo military (small and just reformed) and Southern African Development Committee (SADC) that included Zimbabwe, Angola, and Namibia

64
Q

Anti-Kabila side

A

Rwanda, Uganda, and Burundi

65
Q

Leader of Biafra movement

A

Lt. Col. Ojukwu

HTST 402 (1 decks)

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