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Clinical Conditions > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Compact Bone

A

Hard bone on the outside

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2
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

A

Genetic condition where bones do not develop correctly

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3
Q

Positional Plagiocephaly

A

Caused by baby being placed in one position to long or muscle imbalances in the neck.
misshapen skull or flat spots on the head
can be fixed by using a shaping helmet

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4
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

Stability
Vertebrae, Sternum, Ribs, Skull

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5
Q

Scoliosis

A

Excessive side to side curvature of the spine
S curve

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6
Q

Kyphosis

A

Excessive curve in the thoracic spine
Common in osteoporosis
hyperextension at the thoracic spine
head juts out
can impact wheelchair positioning
breathing is more difficult
decreases shoulder ROM

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7
Q

Lordosis

A

Excessive curve in the lumbar spine

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8
Q

laminectomy

A

removal of most of the lamina in a vertebra

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9
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

Mobility
Clavicle, Scapula, Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges

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10
Q

Appendicular Skeleton (inferior)

A

Pelvis, Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges

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11
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Infection of bone

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12
Q

Synovial Joints

A

promote mobility over stability

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13
Q

Ligaments

A

Bone to bone

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14
Q

Tendons

A

Bone to muscle

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15
Q

Boutonniere Deformity

A

PIP Flexion DIP hyperextension

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16
Q

Swan Neck Deformity

A

Flexion of the MCP
Hyperextension of the PIP
Flexion of the DIP

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17
Q

Ulnar Drift

A

MCP’s drift toward the little finger

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18
Q

Origin

A

Tends to be attached to the more Stationary Bone
Tends to be more proximal to the body

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19
Q

Insertion

A

Tends to be more distal
Tends to be attached to a more moveable bone

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20
Q

cerebellum

A

Little brain
Affects balance, posture, motor control,
vestibular function, muscle tone

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21
Q

Myoparesis

A

Weakness or slight muscle paralysis

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22
Q

Hemiparesis

A

Weakness or slight paralysis affecting one side of the body.

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23
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Total paralysis affecting one side of the body

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24
Q

Atonic

A

lacking normal muscle tone

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25
Q

Dystonia

A

impairment of voluntary muscle movement

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26
Q

Hypotonia

A

diminished tone of the skeletal muscles

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27
Q

Hypertonia

A

Increased tone of the skeletal muscles

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28
Q

Spasm

A

Sudden involuntary contraction of muscles

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29
Q

Myoclonus

A

Involuntary jerking of muscles

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30
Q

bradykinesia

A

Extreme slowness in movement

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31
Q

Dyskinesia

A

Impairment of voluntary movement

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32
Q

Hyperkinesia

A

Abnormal increased muscle function or activity

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33
Q

Dysarthria

A

Abnormal use of muscles for speech and eating

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34
Q

Ataxia

A

lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement

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35
Q

Paraplegia

A

paralysis of both legs and lower part of the body

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36
Q

Quadriplegia

A

Paralysis of all four extremities

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37
Q

Irritability

A

ability of the muscle to respond to a stimulus

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38
Q

Carpal Tunnel

A

cause by compression in the median nerve

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39
Q

Golfers elbow

A

pain at the medial epicondyle of the elbow
decreased strength with grasp

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40
Q

Tennis Elbow

A

Lateral epicondylitis
pain at lateral epicondyle
decreased strength with grasp

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41
Q

Shin Splint

A

injury when the muscle tears away from the tibia

42
Q

De Quervain’s

A

tendons on the thumb side of the wrist

43
Q

Involves only the epidermal layers of
the skin
* Redness and pain
* Dry and doesn’t form blisters
* Sunburn
* Heals 3-6 days
* Does not cause residual scarring

A

Superficial Burn (1st Degree)

44
Q

Destroys epidermal layer and
extends down into the dermal
layer
* Some portion of the dermis
remains
* Large thick walled blisters
* Deep red to waxy white
* Moist to touch
* Generally heals in 7-20 days
* Leaves scar

A

Partial Thickness Burn (2nd Degree)

45
Q

Destroys entire epidermal
and dermal layers and
extends down into
subcutaneous fat
* Charred black, cherry red,
tan or pearly white
* Dry and leathery hard
* Scar and risk of contracture

A

Full Thickness Burn (3rd Degree)

46
Q

Flames
 Steam
 Hot liquids
 Hot metals
 Electricity
 Radiation
 Toxic chemicals
 Extreme cold

A

Thermal Burn

47
Q

 Used for wounds requiring 3 or more weeks to heal
 Reduces the hospital length of stay, pain, and
complications from scarring
 Eschar is removed, and the graft is applied

A

Skin Grafting

48
Q

No Sensation

A

Anesthesia

49
Q

– Nonblanchable erythema usually
over bony prominences or other
pressure areas
– Color changes may not be
detectable on darker pigmented
skin
– Warmth, tenderness, redness,
texture changes
– Probably won’t be ulcerated unless
action to relieve is not taken

A

Stage 1 Pressure Injury (ulcer)

50
Q

– Loss of skin
– Blisters or open area
– Subcutaneous tissue
– Shallow
– Reddish
– May have slight drainage

A

Stage 2 pressure ulcer

51
Q

– Full-thickness skin loss down
to subcutaneous fat or fascia

A

stage 3 pressure ulcer

52
Q

– Full thickness skin loss
with exposure of bone

A

stage 4 pressure ulcer

53
Q
  • Bacterial infection of the skin
  • Face and lower leg most common
A

cellulitis

54
Q
  • Related to inflammation in a closed area…. Includes
    skin and connective tissue
  • Can occur following trauma to a body area with large
    bruise/hematoma
  • Surgical intervention usually results in a large open
    wound that heals slowly
  • Inflammation management, pain management and
    wound healing become part of the OT process
A

compartment syndrome

55
Q
  • Has an autoimmune
    component
  • Flaky, dry, itchy, thickened
    skin
  • Can have Psoriatic
    arthritis involvement
  • Scratching can result in
    open areas
A

psoriasis

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97
Q
  • Swelling or puffiness in the arm or hand
  • Bluish discoloration of the hand
  • Feeling of heaviness in the arm or hand
  • Easily fatigued arms and hands
  • Superficial vein distention in the hand
  • Muscle weakness
  • Difficulty with fine motor tasks of the hand
  • Pain in the arm and hand
  • Tingling and numbness in the neck, shoulder region and arm
    *
A

symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome

98
Q

Group of disorders
* Compression of the nerves or blood vessels
* Most often caused by poor or strenuous posture
* assembly line workers, cash register operator
* Carrying heavy loads, briefcases and shoulder bags
* Occupations which require repetitive over head arm movements can also
produce symptoms of compression

A

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Clinical Conditions (3 decks)

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