final Flashcards
principles underlying evolution by natural selection
variation, heritability, differential reproduction, change in genotype of the population
n and C in interphase G1
2n/2C
n and C in interphase S
2n/4C
n and C in interphase G2
2n/4C
n and C in prophase
2n/4C
n and C in metaphase
2n/4C
n and C in anaphase
2n/2C
n and C in cytokinesis
2n each/2C
prophase
mitotic spindles form from centrosomes, chromatin condense
prometaphase
nuclear envelope disappears, spindle fibre enter, microtubules from opposite poles attach to kinetochores of each chromosome
metaphase
chromosomes align at midpoint
anaphase
sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles
telophase
chromosomes unfold, return to interphase state, nuclear envelopes form, cytoplasm divides by furrowing
interphase
two daughter cells are genetic duplicates
prophase I
chromosomes condense, homologous chromosomes pair together
prometaphase I
nuclear envelope breaks down, spindle enters the former nuclear area. chromosomes attach to kinetochore microtubules
metaphase I
random alignment of chromosomes (independent assortment)
anaphase I
two chromosomes of each homologous pair separate and move to opposite spindle poles
telophase I
transitory stage, little or no change in the chromosomes. cytokinesis creates truly haploid cells
prophase
chromosomes condense
prometaphase II
nuclear envelope breaks down. spindle enters the former nuclear area, spindle microtubules leading to opposite spindle poles attach to the two kinetochores of each chromosome
metaphase II
movements of the spindle microtubules align the chromosomes on the metaphase plate. independent assortment
anaphase II
sister chromatids of each chromosome separate from each other and move to opposite spindle poles. separated chromosomes (now chromatids) have been segregated to two poles
telophase II
chromosomes begin decondensing, spindles disassemble, new nuclear envelopes form around the masses of chromatin.
