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Fundamentals Block 1 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Blood Pressure Ranges

A

Normal: less 120 and less 80
Elevated: 120-129 and less 80
I: 130-139 or 80-89
II: greater or equal to 140 or greater and equal to 90
Crisis: Greater 180 and/or greater or equal t 120

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2
Q

Vital Sign Ranges

A

Temperature: 35.9-38C (96.7-100.5F)
Pulse: 60-100 bpm
RR: 12-20 bpm
BP: less than 120 / less than 80

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3
Q

Temperature Range

A

35.9-38C or 96.7-100.5F

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4
Q

Pulse Deficit

A

2 nurse check:
apical - radial pulse

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5
Q

MAP and Pulse Pressure

A

MAP = (DP+ (1/3(SP-DP))

PP: SBP - DBP

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6
Q

PERRLA

A

CN 3
Pupils are equally round, reactive to light, and accommodation

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7
Q

Physical Assessment Techniques Order

A

Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation

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8
Q

GCS

A

Max: 15
Eye Open: 4
Verbal Response: 5
Motor Response: 6

Less than 8 = comatose

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9
Q

Positioning

A

Fowler’s position: breathing
Trendelenburg: fluid

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10
Q

Program Learning Outcomes

A

Leadership
Teamwork and Collaboration
Professional
Communication
Evidence-Based Practice
Informatics
Patient-Centered Care
Quality Improvement
Safety
Systems-Based Practice

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11
Q

Medicare

A

65 and older

A: inpatient hospital cost with no premium
B: outpatient preventative; premium
C: A+B including vision, hearing, and gym; premium
D: outpatient and drug coverage; premium

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12
Q

Levels of Healthcare

A

Primary: clinic with PCP or NP
treat common health problems and provide preventative measures
e.g. sore throat, HTN, DM, vaccinations, mammograms

Secondary: community centers with specialized physicians
Diagnose disease and disease management
e.g. hospital care for MI or stroke

Tertiary: medical centers with subspecialized like pediatric hematologist
Rare and complex disease management
e.g. pituitary tumor

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13
Q

Delegations to LPN Only

A

Apical Pulse
Oxygen Administration
Nasal Swab and NP Collections
Sputum Specimen Collection
Wound Culturing
IM, ID, SubQ
Medications
Enemas
Bladder Scanner
Change stoma appliance
Collect data

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14
Q

What can you not delegate to LPN

A

U EAT
Unstable patient: new admission, post-op, sudden changes
Evaluation: trending or interpreting data
Assessment: initial, first, primary
Teaching: initial, first, primary education

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15
Q

Informatic Terms: Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom

A

Data: discrete entities described without interpretation
Information: data interpret, organized, structured
Knowledge: synthesized information to identify relationships
Wisdom: appropriate use of knowledge to manage and solve human problems

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16
Q

Research Journal Article

A

Abstract: summary of article and purpose
Intro: specific purpose and lit review
Method: subject, research design, data collected and how it was analyzed
Results
Discussion/Conclusion: what results mean in regard to purpose of study and lit review including suggestions for future research and application to nursing practice

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17
Q

EBP Steps

A
  1. PICOT format question
  2. search and collect most relevant best evidence
  3. analyze previous research
  4. implement practice
  5. evaluate outcome
  6. disseminate outcomes
18
Q

System Dev Lifecycle

A
  1. Analyze and Plan
  2. Design and Dev
  3. Test
  4. Train - superuser
  5. Implement
  6. Maintain
  7. Evaluate - stage nurses are needed
19
Q

PICOT

A

P: patient, population, problem of interest
I: intervention of interest (independent var)
C: comparison of interest (control)
O: outcome of interest
T: time

20
Q

Hierarchy of Evidence

A

Level I: systematic review
Level II: randomized controlled trials
Level III: controlled cohort studies
Level IV: uncontrolled cohort studies
Level V: case studies, qualitative, EBP implementation
Level VI: expert opinion

21
Q

Quantitative

A

Number; Objective

Descriptive: describe relationships
Correlation: relationship between two variables
Quasi-experimental: clinical setting
Experimental: lab setting

Independent: manipulating
Dependent: variable being studied

22
Q

Quantitative Research Process (Scientific Method)

A
  1. research problem usually a question
  2. define the study purpose
  3. review literature
  4. hypothesis and variables
  5. research design
  6. population and sample
  7. collect data
  8. analyze data
  9. communicate findings
23
Q

Qualitative

A

words and narrative; subjective
perception, experience, views

Phenomenology: description of experience of subject

Grounded theory: how people describe their own realities

Ethnography: cultural issues

Historical: examine past events

24
Q

Medicare 4 Parts

A

65 and older

A: inpatient hospital cost; no premium

B: outpatient: voluntary and monthly premium

C: Advantage Plus (A+B) also includes vision, hearing and gym. Premium

D: outpatient and drug coverage; premium

25
Q

Levels of Healthcare

A

Facilities

Primary: clinic (PCP & NP)
treat common health problems and preventative measure
Sore throat, HTN, DM, vaccination, screenings

Secondary: community centers (specialties like peds; neuro)
diagnose dz and management
hospital care for MI or stroke

Tertiary: medical centers
subspecialities like pediatric hematologist
rare and complex dz management
pituitary tumor

26
Q

AZBoN

A

apply to take NCLEX to become RN
apply for licensure
scope of practice for RN, LPN, CNA
Nurse Practice Act

27
Q

Prioritization

A

Safety first
ABC: airway, breathing/brain, circulation (heart)
acute > chronic
actual > potential
least invasive first
Maslow’s: physiological needs first

28
Q

Source of Law: Administrative and Statutory

A

Administrative: enforcing - Board of Nursing

Statutory: Nurse Practice Act
safe nursing practice
disciplinary process
professionalism
scope of practice
delegation
board responsibilities

29
Q

Levels of Preventive Care

A

Primary: promoting health

Secondary: early detection
screening

Tertiary: know the disease and rx

30
Q

Health, Wellness, Illness, Dz

A

Health: holistic - physical, mental, social

Wellness: promotion of holistic health

Illness: response to dz

Dz: pathologic change

31
Q

Care Based Approach Bioethics

A

nurse-patient relationship is the center
promotion of dignity and respect for patient
attention to ind pt
virtues: kindness, attentiveness, empathy, compassion, reliability

32
Q

Principle-Based Approach Bioethics

A

Autonomy: respect patient rights
Nonmaleficence: do no harm
Beneficence: benefit outweigh risk
Justice: act fairly
Fidelity: keep promises
Veracity: truth and fact
Accountability, Privacy, Confidentiality: HIPPA

33
Q

Common Nursing Malpractice

A

failure to ensure safety
improper treatment
failure to monitor and report
med errors and reactions
failure to follow facility procedure
failure to document
equipment use
adverse incident not reported
lawsuit with HIV patients

34
Q

Beliefs and Values

A

Beliefs about worth of something that act as standard to guide behaviors creating a value system (code of conduct)

Professional values:
altruism: concern well being of others
autonomy: respect pt rights
human dignity: value and respect others
integrity: honest and ethical framework
social justice: equal rights and rx

35
Q

Signs of Impending Death

A

Difficulty talking or swallowing
Nausea, flatus, and abdominal distention
Urinary or bowel incontinence or constipation
Loss of movement, sensation, reflexes
Decreasing body temperature with cold or clammy skin
Weak, slow, irregular pulse
Decreasing BP
Noise, irregular or Cheyne-Stokes respiration
Restlessness or agitation
Cooling, mottling, cyanosis of extremities and dependent areas

36
Q

Five Stages of Dying

A

Denial: deny reality of death

Anger: rage and hostility and adopt why me attitude

Bargaining: barter for more time

Depression: period of grief before death

Acceptance: accepted reality of death and prepared to die

37
Q

Concepts of death and dying

A

irreversible cessation of circulatory and respiratory functions (cardiac death)

irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain, including the brainstem (brain death)

Most protocols require two separate clinical examinations. The medical criteria used to certify a death are as follows:
○ Breathing cessation
○ No response to deep painful stimuli
○ Lack of reflexes (such as the gag or corneal reflex) and spontaneous movement
○ Flat encephalogram (brain waves)

38
Q

Concepts of Spirituality

A

Spirituality: relationship with nonmaterial life force or higher power

Faith: confident belief where there is no proof or evidence

Religion: organized system of beliefs about higher power

Hope: ingredient in life responsible for positive outlook

Love: connectedness with others

Suffering: specific state of distress

39
Q

Five Models of Health:
Health Belief Model
Health promotion
Health Illness Continuum
Agent-Host-Environment Model
Stages of Change Model

A

Health Belief Model: personal perception of their health
perceived susceptibility to dz
perceived seriousness of dz
perceived benefits of actions

Health promotion: what they do to promote healthy behaviors

Health Illness Continuum: health is constantly changing state with high level of wellness and death on opposite sides

Agent-Host-Environment Model:
external agent, susceptible host, and environment as causes of dz

Stages of Change Model: addiction to change their behavior

40
Q

Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) were instituted by the federal government mainly to reduce

A

Cost of health care

41
Q

Isotonic, Isometric, Isokinetic

A

Isotonic: muscle shortening and active movement

Isometric: muscle contraction without shortening

Isokinetic: muscle contraction with resistance

42
Q

Stages of Pressure Injuries

A

Stage 1: nonblanchable erythema of intact skin
Stage 2: partial-thickness of skin loss with exposed dermis
Stage 3: full-thickness skin loss not involving underlying fascia
Stage 4: full-thickness skin and tissue loss
Unstageable: obscured full-thickness skin and tissue loss
Deep tissue pressure injury: persistent nonblanchable deep red, marron, or purple discoloration

Fundamentals Block 1 (1 decks)

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