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ANS 220 > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

1
Q

horses are thought to be first domesticated and used for food and work in … 5000 years ago

A

kazakhstan

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2
Q

the normal resting heart rate of 1 week old foal

A

100bpm

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3
Q

the earliest fossil remains of the hyracotherium were found in

A

wyoming

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4
Q

early horses mirgated among the continents via

A

land bridges

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5
Q

the cervical vertebrae are located in the

A

neck area

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6
Q

the equus genus includes

A

horses and zebras

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7
Q

the metatarsus of the horse is also known as the

A

hind leg cannon bone

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8
Q

horses exhibiting physical distress when their heart rate exceeds ….

A

50 bpm

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9
Q

the hyracotherium is also known as the

A

grandfather to modern horse

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10
Q

the shoulder blade is also known as the

A

scapula

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11
Q

horses became extinct in america appoximately

A

8000 years ago due to disease and starvation

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12
Q

the … is the remnant of the central pad

A

ergot

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13
Q

grayish blue gums indicate

A

severe shock

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14
Q

the teeth of the dawn horse were adapted to the consumption of leave and they were

A

browsers

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15
Q

respiratory rate should never

A

exceed the heart rate

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16
Q

the thoracic vertebrae correspond to what part of the body

A

ribcage

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17
Q

referencing a location towards middle or midline is called

A

medial plane

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18
Q

a truly wild horse has a

A

long mane and no forelock

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19
Q

horses were introduced by

A

spanish conquistadors in mexico in the 1500s

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20
Q

handling a horse you should be able to work and move your horse from

A

the right and left side, in front of horse

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21
Q

the third phlanx is also known as

A

coffin bone, pedal bone, distal phalanx

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22
Q

within which ancestor did ligaments start to develop under the foot?

A

parahippus

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23
Q

what did the fusion of the ulna and radius enable the horses ancestor to acquire?

A

increased speed

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24
Q

the carpus refers to what part of horse?

A

knee

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25
Q

how many bones in horses skeleton?

A

205

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26
Q

when approaching a horse you should be

A

relaxed and confident

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27
Q

a horses mental and physical well being is compromised when their temperatures rise above what degree

A

105

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28
Q

the radius and ulna fused during what evolutionary stage?

A

merychippus

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29
Q

when standing at the horses side they see you via … vision

A

monocular

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30
Q

which ancestory was the link between forest dwelling browsers and the plains dwelling grazers

A

parahippus

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31
Q

horses have developed as a continual grazing animal due to their

A

tooth structure

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32
Q

the first truly one toed horse was the

A

pliohippus

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33
Q

a horse can see.. ft in front of their face

A

3-5

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34
Q

the genus and species of horses

A

equus caballus

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35
Q

only true wild horse

A

prezwalski horse

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36
Q

normal temperature

A

98-101.5

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37
Q

normal bpm

A

30-40 bpm

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38
Q

respiration rate

A

8-24 br/min

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39
Q

CRT

A

baby girl pink, 1-2 seconds

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40
Q

horses heart rate can be determined via what locations

A

transverese facial artery, cranial artery, under front left elbow

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41
Q

foals that are playing can practice the tactics for this behavior

A

agnostic

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42
Q

what behavior is the act of mimicking eachother

A

allelomimetic

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43
Q

when applying vetwrap you should apply… to prevent further injury

A

padding material

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44
Q

social hierarchy among herd mates is referred to as the

A

pecking order

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45
Q

when you are waiting for the vet to look at wound you should

A

stop bleeding, keep wound clean, keep horse calm, wrap wound

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46
Q

why would a horse owner want to have regular dental done?

A

maintain a balanced mouth, reduce sharp points, make sure incisors are smooth against each other

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47
Q

teeth that are common in male and not all females

A

canines

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48
Q

a stray cat arrives at the barn in the stall the cat bonds with the horse, you remove horse and cat follows. what relationship is this?

A

epimeletic

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49
Q

strangles are caused by the …. bacteria

A

streptococcus equi

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50
Q

a horse is uncoordinated and stumbling, it may fall down, what neurological disorder is this?

A

ataxia

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51
Q

if regular dentals are performed on horses teeth, they will erupt …. mm per year

A

2-3

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52
Q

what are properties of normal joint/synovial fluid?

A

viscous, clear/transparent in appearance and cream/yellowish in color

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53
Q

respiratory disorder that causes inflammation of the upper respiratory tract and is high contagious

A

influenza

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54
Q

What age do teeth stop growing?

A

7 years

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55
Q

at what age will a horses first set of permanent incisors grow in?

A

2.5 years

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56
Q

illness that often is a secondary complication to a viral infection

A

pneumonia

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57
Q

teeth that are small premolars that are often removed during castration

A

wolf teeth

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58
Q

a horse with a full wooly hair coat in the winter is displaying the …. behavior

A

protective

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59
Q

when diluting betadine to clean the wound, the water-betadine mixture should be the color of

A

weak tea

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60
Q

which items can be used to absorb blood from an injury

A

towels, diapers, sanitary napkins

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61
Q

the two most commonly observed symptoms of this disease are ataxia and muscle twitching

A

west nile virus

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62
Q

deciduous teeth are also known as

A

baby teeth

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63
Q

what is characterized by the presence of moist and dry rales

A

influenza

64
Q

the … attaches to the bottom of the coffin bone

A

deep digital flexor tendon

65
Q

horses are together in a pen, you remove one and the others whine and become anxious, what behavior is this?

A

et-epimeletic

66
Q

the no bow wrap can be left in place for 24 hours

A

true

67
Q

if a horse is injured and nervous you keep them by themselves

A

false

68
Q

head wounds should be… so they heal better

A

sutured or staples

69
Q

when doing a standing wrap you need at least ….. inches of padding above and below the wrap

A

1-2 inches

70
Q

when wrapping the left leg you wrap

A

left (counterclock wise)

71
Q

horses do better by themselves

A

false

72
Q

a horse standing on thier hindquarters is flight behavior

A

false

73
Q

if you are unsure about a wound it is important to

A

talk to a vet

74
Q

a dilute cleaning solution is 4:6, 4 being cleanser and 6 being water

A

false

75
Q

you can use antibiotics for influenza

A

false

76
Q

tendons and muscles running down the front of the leg

A

extensor tendons and muscles

77
Q

are polo wraps used by themselves?

A

yes, polo wraps dont need padding

78
Q

injury that can heal quickly with little issues

A

eye injuries

79
Q

does a horses teeth continually grow?

A

no

80
Q

should you let a young horse investigate something that scares them?

A

yes

81
Q

what makes up the main suspensory apparatus of horses low legs?

A

deep digital flexor tendon, superficial flexor tendon and superficial flexor tendon

82
Q

chlorhexidine gluconate

A

safe for wounds except near the eye

83
Q

when a bandage slips down and pressure is placed on the tendon, a …… can occur

A

bandage bow

84
Q

what items can absorb blood from an injury?

A

towels, diapers, sanitary napkins

85
Q

two most commonly observed symptoms of this disease are ataxia and muscle twitching

A

west nile virus

86
Q

deciduous teeth are also known as

A

baby teeth

87
Q

West Nile Virus

A

swelling to the brain/spinal chord (can infect horses, humans, and birds)

88
Q

Where to look to check body condition score?

A

Crest
withers
armpit
ribs
tailhead
back

89
Q

What nutrients are provided by feed?

A

Minerals
Vitamins
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Fats/oils/lipids
Water

90
Q

A horse will get their first permanent incisors at what age?

A

2.5 years old

91
Q

The _________________________ is used to keep the horse’s mouth open during a dental

A

dental speculum

92
Q

Why would you wrap a horse’s leg(s)?

A

Cover a wound
Support
Reduce Swelling
Protection
Shipping/trailering

93
Q

A “cold” poultice uses a wet paper bag under the standing wrap

A

true

94
Q

allows imprinting

A

Epimeletic behavior

95
Q

Care seeking behavior

A

Et-epimeletic Behavior

96
Q

locoweed

A

Symptoms: May take several months to appear.
* Weight loss and abnormal behavior (falling
down, walking off cliffs, charging through
fences)
Hairy spikes with lilac/purple flowers or greenish
white blossoms

97
Q

oleander

A

Flowers grow in clusters and may be white,
pink, purplish or dark red
Symptoms: diarrhea, trembling, cold
extremities, paralysis, cardiac arrest, coma
and death if fatal amount was ingested

98
Q

Yellow Star Thistle

A

Usually occurs in summer and fall –
horses may acquire taste and are very susceptible
* Symptoms: “chewing disease” may occur if a
toxic threshold is reached
– Involuntary chewing, lip twitching, swelling around
the mouth and poor reflex control
– Unable to eat, but swallowing not effected
– Able to drink if the water is deep enough
– Death occurs from starvation, dehydration and
inhalation pneumonia

99
Q

braken fern

A

Toxicity: Horses rarely eat it and must eat a
large quantity over a period of time –
addiction is the problem
* Symptoms: Un-coordination, depression,
blindness, standing in a braced position.

100
Q

Tansy Ragwort

A

Toxicity: all parts are toxic, even when dried
* Symptoms: May not be evident for 2-8 months
* Weight loss, jaundice, depression, nervousness,
frequent urination, sluggishness , delirium,
aimless walking, aggressiveness and
photosensitivity

101
Q

red maple

A

Symptoms: Severe anemia = weakness,
depression, pale mucous membranes and dark
brown urine. Pregnant mares may abort.
– Death results because red blood cells are unable to
transport oxygen to the tissues

102
Q

Yew

A

Toxicity: leaves, fruit, and seeds are toxic either
fresh or dried in hay. Horses will readily eat no
matter what. Show poisoning after consuming
about .1% of body weight
* Symptoms: collapse (immediate) or after
digestion – heart will slow and circulation fails.
Nervousness, or confusion, diarrhea and
irritation to digestive tract. Death usually occurs

103
Q

Poison Hemlock

A

Toxicity: root is least poisonous, with toxicity
increasing on the way up from stems to seeds,
which can be more poisonous in the 2nd year
* Symptoms: bloating, nervousness, trembling,
pupil dilation, weakened heartbeat, cold
extremities, paralysis, coma, respiratory failure
and death
– Can been seen within a few hours to a few days

104
Q

Water Hemlock

A

Toxicity: one mouthful can kill a horse within 15
minutes. Roots, young leaves and stems are most toxic.
Flowers and seeds less so
* Symptoms: violent convulsions, salivation, convulsions,
tremors, grinding teeth, dilated pupils, elevated
temperature, abdominal pain and bloating
– Horses may go into convulsions and die within several
minutes or suffer a prolonged and painful death

105
Q

chokecherry

A

Toxicity: Leaves and seeds are most toxic. Leaves
when young or wilted.
* Symptoms: Drinking water after ingestion results
in the release of cyanide in to the bloodstream.
Causes slobbering, increased respiration, weak
pulse, convulsions and rapid death
– Mucous membranes will be bright red

106
Q

Rhododendron

A

Toxicity: leaves are most toxic
* Symptoms: repeated swallowing, salivation,
depression, nausea, bloating, abdominal pain,
weakness, coma and death
– Should a horse survive, they may suffer from
kidney and liver damage

107
Q

horsetail

A

Toxicity is higher in green plants than
ages ones (ex – dried in hay). Young horses are
more likely to succumb than older horses
* Symptoms: ill thrift, weakness, staggering,
trembling, muscular rigidity, diarrhea, rapid
pulse, cold extremities.
– Coma precedes death

108
Q

night shade

A

oxicity: levels vary with climate and stages of
growth, but unripe berries are the most toxic
* Symptoms: Neurological and gastrointestinal
disorder, tiredness, muscle twitching, bloating
and congestion in lungs, heart and spleen

109
Q

forage should be fed how much of a horses body weight

A

1-3%

110
Q

what cuttings of forage are the best?

A

2nd and 3rd

111
Q

what does a horse with big head mean?

A

phosphourus levels are higher than calcium

112
Q

calcium:phosphorus ratio

A

2:1

113
Q

what minerals are important in the diet?

A

Calclum, phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, Copper, Zinc, and Iron

114
Q

what mineral can become too toxic?

A

selenium (1-3mg recommended 5mg toxic)

115
Q

alfalfa hay

A

high in calcium, nutrient and protein dense

116
Q

grass hay

A

low in calcium

117
Q

basic diet

A

oats

118
Q

grains

A

oats, corn, barley

119
Q

orchard hay

A

low sugar

120
Q

optional add on to diet

A

concentrations

121
Q

grain should be …. of the horses body weight

A

0.4-0.5

122
Q

NASC

A

national animal supplement council

123
Q

what does the NASC over see?

A

accurate labels with complete ingredient list, no unsubstantial claims on labels, manufacturing of products under rigorous, ensure safety of ingredients

124
Q

ways to calculate weight

A

guesstimate, formula, weight tape

125
Q

weight formula

A

circum. heart girth x heart girth x body length / numerical value

126
Q

numerical value for mature horse

A

330

127
Q

yearling horse numerical value

A

301

128
Q

weanling numerical value

A

280

129
Q

the ideal horse scores between a …. to be fit

A

4.5-5.5

130
Q

hot poultice

A

get ahead of swelling

131
Q

cold poultice

A

swealling already exists

132
Q

cecum

A

empties every 90 seconds

133
Q

saliva gallon

A

secrete 1 gallon of saliva

134
Q

saliva is a…

A

buffer action on stomach and GI track

135
Q

stomach

A

8% of digestive track volume (basketball size)

136
Q

what happens when you overfeed

A

stomach ruptures

137
Q

small intestine

A

30% of GI track, 70 ft long

138
Q

how long will it take for a horse to digest?

A

8 hours

139
Q

large intestine

A

65% of GI track

140
Q

importance of small intenstine

A

nutrients are absorbed and digested into bloodstream
fats –> fatty scids
protein –> amino acids

141
Q

large intenstine includes the

A

colon and cecum

142
Q

bottleneck and hairpin turn at pelvic flexure can cause

A

impaction and colic

143
Q

hind foot is more

A

pointed

144
Q

navicular syndrome

A

Complex combination of inflammatory and or degenerative conditions of the navicular bone and its supporting structures

145
Q

what are the causes of navicular syndrome

A

Involves different structures and processes
– Lameness symptoms are almost always the same

146
Q

navicular bone

A

fulcrum or point of support for the
deep flexor tendon at the coffin joint

147
Q

Bursa

A

protects the navicular bone and the
DFT from rubbing as the tendon glides over
the bone

148
Q

protects the navicular bone and the
DFT from rubbing as the tendon glides over
the bone

A

Compression
– Tension

149
Q

possible navicular symptoms

A

Mild lameness
* Lameness is more obvious when the horse is
worked in a circle or on a hard surface
* Forelimbs are most affected
* Bilateral – usually worse in 1 foot
* Walk on their toes

150
Q

an easy keeper

A

gains weight easily

151
Q

most important component of a horses diet

A

forage

152
Q

a senior feed contains ..

A

more easily digestible ingredients and more vitamins and minerals

153
Q

what are osu school horses fed?

A

a rational balancer

154
Q

what does a second cutting mean?

A

the second crop of hay off of that particular field

155
Q

what feedstuff do horses really need in their diets?

A

forage, water and salt

ANS 220 (1 decks)

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