final Flashcards
What are the Theories of College Students’ Development?
Ways that college students change when they are undergraduates and theories on why these changes take place
Cautions of the Theories of College Students’ Development?
Theories may be too Eurocentric and more individual-based,
they are not orthogonal (this has nothing to do with this or this or anything)
there is no prototypical college student
theories of cultural identity intersect with but do not intercept with college student development
development is not as linear (stage-like) as the theories portray
Chickering: Competence
new skills = enhanced confidence
Chickering: Emotion Regulation
managing intensity and expression
Chickering: Autonomy
self-reliance (e.g. problem solving)
Chickering: Interpersonal Relationships
increased intimacy & respect for individual differences (seeing people from different backgrounds and learning to have relationships with them, look and act differently than you)
Chickering: Identity
who am I? Interests, skills, cultural groups
Chickering: Purpose
goals, values, aspirations, commitments
Chickering: Integrity
congruence between values & behaviors; between thoughts and feelings.
Magnolia Self-Authorship
the capacity to define one’s beliefs, identity & relationships; being inner-directed rather than acting according to uncritically assimilated values of others; developing and internal locus of evaluation
Self-Authorship: #1
to meet the challenges of adulthood, emerging adults need to develop epistemologically, interpersonally (also from vectors Chickering its a similarity), & intrapersonally
Self-Authorship: #2
emerging adults need to consider, but not be overwhelmed by external influences
Self-Authorship: #3
they need to develop coherent identities that are anti-racist, non-sexist, and not homophobic to interact effectively with diverse others in a pluralistic society & Workforce
Self-Authorship: #3, Employers
76% of employers want college graduates to have better teamwork skills than current employees
Sanford’s Theory of Challenge and Support: Challenge
situation where a student lacks the knowledge or skills to cope effectively
Sanford’s Theory of Challenge and Support: Support
Support: environmental factors to successfully meet challenges (e.g. friends, mentors, family, clubs)
Sanford’s Theory of Challenge and Support: Too Much Challenge
no growth; frustration; lack of persistence; avoidance of challenging situation
Challenges can be greater for students who are members of culturally marginalized groups, returning adults, and first-generation students
Sanford’s Theory of Challenge and Support: Too Much Support
resilience and self-trust do not develop (e.g. “helicopter” or “lawn-mower” parents)
Epistemology
study of ways of knowing what is true
Epistemology: Authority
someone in authority says its true
Epistemology: Faith
I believe something to be true born out of a certain conviction
Epistemology: Reason
a sense of rationale and using what evidence suggests
Epistemology: Experience
we have stereotypes and like everything else this is fallible
Epistemology: Science
it never proves anything
When and where was the Healthy Minds Network founded?
Founded in 2007 at the University of Michigan
What does the Healthy Minds network conduct?
Conduct the Healthy Minds Study
Who does the Healthy Minds network study?
Annual survey of students in the general campus population of 400+ campuses and universities
Data from more than 50,000+ students
Most depressed major?
Art majors
Least depressed major?
Kinesiology
What theory did Astin create?
kids who are more involved on campus are less likely to drop out
How do you do start research?
Starts with a question: what do I want to know?
How do you figure out what to research?
Read relevant literature: what is already known?
How do you move from abstract to concrete research?
Move from abstract to concrete: how to measure variables? Operational definition of a construct- translate a variable into scores
