FINAL Flashcards
CH 14/15
price
the overall sacrifice a consumer is willing to make - money, time, energy - to acquire a specific product or service
5 C’s of pricing
- customer
- company objectives
- competition
- costs
- channel members
company objectives
objectives that typically reflect how a firm intends to grow
- 4 pricing orientations fall under said objectives
4 pricing orientations
- sales oriented
- profit oriented
- competitor oriented
- customer oriented
customer
understanding consumers reactions to different prices
costs
firms must understand their costs structures so they can determine the degree to which their products /services will be profitable at different prices
competition
channel members
demand curve
shows how many units of a product or service consumer will demand during a specific period at different prices
- knowing the demand curve for a product/service enables a firm to examine different prices in terms of the resulting demand and relative to its objectives
price elasticity of demand
measures how price change in a price affect the quantity of the product demanded (% change demanded/% change in price)
what are the variables used to determine the elasticity of demand? what product attributes influence the elasticity of demand
C: cross-price elasticity
S: substitution effect
I: income effect
income effect
the change in the quantity of a product demanded by consumers due to a change in their income
(ie: burger when poor, steak when rich)
substitution effect
consumers’ ability to substitute other products for the focal brand, thus increasing price elasticity of demand for the focal brand
cross price elasticity
The percent change in the quantity of product a demanded compared with the percentage change in price in product b
complementary products
products whose demand curves are positively related (a % increase for one results in a % increase for the other)
substitute products
products whose demand curves are negatively related (a % increase for one results. % decrease for the other)
in what ways can marketers utilize demand curves
marketers need to know how consumers will respond to a price increase or decrease for a specific product or brand so they can determine whether it makes sense for them to raise or lower prices
what is a price elasticity and why does it matter to marketers/how do they use it?
the measurement of responsiveness of quantity demand due to a change in price
elastic (price sensitive)
relatively small changes in price will generate fairly large changed in the quantity demanded
price elasticity of less than -1
inerlastic (price insensitve)
relatively small changed in price will NOT generate large changed in the quantity demanded
price elasticity greater than -1
dynamic pricing
the prices of charging different prices for goods/services based on the type of customer (think aunty ester)
how does brand loyalty impact a product’s demand curve?
customers loyal to a specific brand are willing to pay a higher price for a product/service bc they don’t see other brands as adequate substitutes
what are the components of a break-even analysis and what information can marketers gain from it?
JULIANNE
components of a breakeven analysis: break-even point, contribution/unit, price less the variable cost/unit
The relationships amongst cost, price, revenue, and profit over different levels of production and sales
what are the 4 levels of competition?
P: perfect competition
O: oligopoly
M: monopoly
—–
M: monopolistic competition
perfect competition
impact?
monopolistic competition
impact?
oligopoly
impact?
monopoly
impact?
what are market entry strategies may overcome pure competition
INSERT QUIZ ANSERS
CH 16 SUPPLY CHAIN
what is supply chain
a set of approaches and techniques firms employ t efficiently and effectively integrate their suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, stores, adn transportation intermediaries into a seamless value chain (aka marketing channel management)