FINAL Flashcards
methyl is …
1 carbon
ethyl is …
2 carbon
propyl is …
3 carbon
butyl is …
4 carbon
electronegativity trend
up and to the right
what do shapes in orbitals mean
probabilities
how many p orbitals and what is special about their relationship
3… all orthogonal
hybridization of a carbon bonded to two other atoms? what is bond angle?
sp … 180
hybridization of a carbon bonded to three other atoms? what is bond angle?
sp2 … 120
hybridization of a carbon bonded to four other atoms? what is bond angle?
sp3 … 109
name hybridizations in order of increasing strength
sp3, sp2, sp
name hybridization in order of increasing bond length
sp, sp2, sp3
which hybridization is known to be more acidic? why?
sp because more s character and it is lower in energy
what is an important factor to keep in mind when dealing with hybridization
if resonance affects it
which is assigned a negative dipole
the more electronegative
direction of dipole movement
positive dipole to negative
what does the length of the dipole vector mean
strength/distance (change in electronegativity)
list the hybridizations in order of increasing energy
sp, sp2, sp3
how can there be no net dipole
dipoles move in equal and opposite directions
formal charge equation
charge = val e- - # bonds - # non-bonded e-
what side is more favorable with regards to pKa
side with greater pKa
which carbonanion is more stable
larger?
when is hypovalent ok
in carbon
when is hypervalent ok
never
