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E202 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

1970

A

Official Formation of EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)

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2
Q

1971

A

Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC)

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3
Q

1996

A

Safe Drinking Water Act Amendment

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4
Q

Category of Environmental Engineering
(WWANERS)

A

Wastewater, water, air, noise, energy, risk, solid waste

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5
Q

3 human survival and negative aspects related

A

Air (lasts seconds) –> polluted air
Water (last 3 weeks) –> waste/polluted water
Food (last 2 months) –> contaminated soil

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6
Q

1996

A

National Research Council Study (NRC)

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7
Q

1987

A

World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED)

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8
Q

Calculation of mass accumulation

A

Total Mass flow in = total mass flow out + rate of mass storage

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9
Q

Types of wastes

A

Municipal, Hazardous, Biomedical

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10
Q

Properties of hazardous waste

A

Toxicity, reactivity, ignitability, corrosiveness (TRIC)

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11
Q

Emerging contaminants

A

PFAS: Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances
–> hazardous substances that we should remove from emerging contaminants

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12
Q

Recent trends for energy use (emerging contaminants: carbon sequestration)

A

capturing and storing atmospheric CO2
→ reduce CO2 in the atmosphere to reduce global climate change

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13
Q

1963

A

Clean Air Act

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14
Q

6 major air pollutants

A

NGLPCS
Particulate matter(PM; Dust, smoke, haze)
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)
Carbon monoxide (CO)
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
Ground-level ozone (O)
Lead (HEAVY METAL)

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15
Q

Effects of particles: 10 um

A

Removed in nose and throat

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16
Q

Effects of particles: 5 to 10 um

A

Removed in trachea & bronchi –> doesn’t get to lungs

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17
Q

Effects of particles: 0.5 to 5 um

A

Alveoli –> lung damage

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18
Q

Characteristics of NO2

A

Acid rain

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19
Q

Characteristics of CO

A

hemoglobin’s affinity for CO = 210 times its affinity for O

20
Q

1974

A

Safe Drinking Act (SWDA) from EPA (Environmental Protection Agency

21
Q

Major water contaminants

A

(BOISAH)
Biological Pathogens
Organic chemicals and toxic organic chemicals
Inorganic chemicals: nutrients, toxic metals, salts
Sediments
Acidity
Heat

22
Q

Major water contaminants and their process: Biological Pathogens

A

Biological

23
Q

Major water contaminants and their process: Organic chemicals and toxic organic chemicals

A

Chemical

24
Q

Major water contaminants and their process: Inorganic chemicals: nutrients, toxic metals, salts

A

Chemical

25
Q

Major water contaminants and their process: Sediments

A

Physical

26
Q

Major water contaminants and their process: Acidity

A

Chemical

27
Q

Major water contaminants and their process: Heat

A

Physical

28
Q

1980s and 1990s: Legislation made by EPA to regulate contaminants size

A

Ressource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

29
Q

1980s and 1990s Classification of waste Hazardous vs non-hazardous waste:

A

Comprehensive, Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) -> ask responsible parties to pay for cleanup costs “special tax:”

30
Q

Classification of non-hazardous waste

A

Municipal Solid Waste(MSW)-> recyclables, compostable materials, garbage from home, businesses, institutions, constructions and demolitions sites

31
Q

Classification of hazardous waste: 4 parameters characteristics

A

Ignitibility: ability to burn easily or cause fire
Corrosivity: strong acids and bases that could corrode surfaces
Reactivity: React violently and cause explosion, including reactions with water
Toxicity: threaten water supplies and health, as determined by laboratory tests of leachability
TCLP (Toxic characteristic leaching procedure)

32
Q

Radioactive Waste and their method of disposal:
High level radioactive waste

A

No permanent method of disposal

33
Q

Radioactive Waste and their method of disposal:
Low-level radioactive waste

A

Burial of waste in special landfills

34
Q

Global warming problem (5 steps)

A
  1. Emission of greenhouse gases
  2. Increases in atmospheric concentration
  3. Increases in radiative forcing
  4. Increases in average temperature
  5. Changes in global climate
35
Q

Kyoto Protocol

A

1997 conference accord stated that Major Industrial countries to reduce their overall emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O(Nitrous oxide)

36
Q

Radiative spectrum

A

UV (ultraviolet): > 400 nm
VIS (visible light): 400 - 700 nm
IR (infrared): 700+ nm

37
Q

History - Iron age:

A

Heating in the presence of carbon (charcoal)

38
Q

History - Iron age (Empire):

A

Learn to produce with mercury

39
Q

History - Industrial Revolution:

A

Installation of iron water pipes (no need of the wood anymore)

40
Q

Life Cycle Inventory Process: Stage

A
  1. Raw Materials acquisition
  2. Manufacturing
  3. Use/reuse/maintenance
  4. Recycling Waste management
41
Q

Inputs for manufacturing

A

Materials, energy

42
Q

Outputs for manufacturing

A

Intended products, co-products and energy released

43
Q

Outputs for use/reuse/maintenance

A

Atmospheric emissions

44
Q

Outputs for recycling/waste management

A

Waterborne wastes, solid wastes

45
Q

Characteristics of Exposure Assessment

A

Lifetime Average Daily Dose (LADD) = (Concentration * Intake rate * Exposure frequency * Exposure duration * Absorption factor) / (Averaging time * body weight)

46
Q

Understanding of risk

A

Risk = (Probability of an undesired consequence) x (size of the loss or hazard effect)

E202 (1 decks)

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