Final

Question 1

Every object continues in a state of rest or of uniform speed in a straight line unless acted on
by a nonzero (unbalanced) force.

Answer 1

Law of inertia (Newton’s first law)

Question 2

The acceleration
produced by a net force
on an object is directly
proportional to the net
force, is in the same
direction as the net
force, and is inversely
proportional to the mass
of the object.

Answer 2

Law of acceleration (Newton’s second law of motion)

Question 3

Equation for acceleration

Answer 3

Acceleration = Force/Mass

Question 4

small net force, large mass

Answer 4

small acceleration

Question 5

large net force, small mass

Answer 5

large acceleration

Question 6

When the only force acting on a falling object is
gravity (with negligible air resistance), the object is in

Answer 6

free fall

Question 7

When acceleration is less than g it is called

Answer 7

non free fall

Question 8

Whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the
second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first

Answer 8

Newton’s third law of motion

Question 9

wiggle in time

Answer 9

vibration

Question 10

a vibration is described in terms of

Answer 10

frequency

Question 11

a ________ is described in terms of frequency, speed, amplitude, and wavelength

Answer 11

wave

Question 12

When a bob vibrates up and down, a marking pen
traces out a ________ on the paper that moves
horizontally at a constant speed

Answer 12

sine curve

Question 13

high points of the wave

Answer 13

crests

Question 14

low points of the wave

Answer 14

troughs

Question 15

distance from the midpoint to the crest or trough

Answer 15

amplitude

Question 16

distance from the top of one crest to the top of the next crest, or distance between successive identical parts of the wave

Answer 16

wavelengh

Question 17

The number of to-and-fro vibrations in a given time (is the
number of waves that pass a fixed point in one second

Answer 17

frequency

Question 18

1 vibration per second is

Answer 18

1 hertz

Question 19

The time it takes for a complete vibration (is the time taken for
one wave to pass a fixed point)

Answer 19

Period

Question 20

increased rate of energy transfer.

Answer 20

higher frequency

Question 21

occur more frequently and produce waves that are more closely spaced - shorter wavelengths

Answer 21

pulses

Question 22

propagation of a disturbance through a medium

Answer 22

wave motion

Question 23

wave motion requires an _______ and a ________ (except for light) through which the energy is transferred

Answer 23

energy source and medium

Question 24

__________ describes how fast the disturbance moves through the medium

Answer 24

wave speed

Question 25

wave speed =

Answer 25

frequency x wavelength

Question 26

Two different types of waves are classified by the direction of
__________ (vibration) compared to the direction the wave
___________ (travels).

Answer 26

oscillation, propagates

Question 27

what are the two types of waves?

Answer 27

transverse and longitudinal

Question 28

a ________ wave has compressions and rarefactions (or expansions) where the particles (or coils in the slinky) are closest together and furthest apart

Answer 28

longitudinal

Question 29

sound travels in __________ waves consisting of vibrating compressions and rarefactions through the air

Answer 29

longitudinal

Question 30

sound travels at

Answer 30

340 m/s in air at 20 degrees celcius

Question 31

process in which sound
encountering a surface
is returned
* often called an echo
* multiple reflections
called reverberations

Answer 31

reflection

Question 32

When sound (or light) is incident on a rough surface, it is reflected in many directions.

Answer 32

Diffuse Reflection

Question 33

the bending of a wave
due to a change in the
medium and/or speed of
the wave

Answer 33

Refraction

Question 34

sound waves ___________ when parts of the wave fronts
– travel at different speeds.
– are affected by uneven winds
– when air near the ground is warmer than air above.

Answer 34

refract

Question 35

setting up of vibrations in an object by a vibrating force

Answer 35

forced vibration

Question 36

– own unique frequency (or set of frequencies)
– dependent on
▪ elasticity
▪ shape of object

Answer 36

Natural frequency

Question 37

occurs whenever successive impulses are applied to a vibrating object in rhythm with its
natural frequency.

Answer 37

Resonance

Question 38

combined effect of two or more overlapping waves

Answer 38

Interference

Question 39

Two types of interference

Answer 39

Constructive and destructive

Question 40

crest of one wave overlaps crest of another wave - adding to a wave of increased amplitude

Answer 40

constructive interference

Question 41

crest of one wave overlaps the trough of another - amplitude effects are reduced

Answer 41

Destructive interference

Question 42

periodic variations in the loudness of sound due to interference

Answer 42

beats

Question 43

three characteristics of musical tone

Answer 43

pitch, intensity, and quality pitch

Question 45

determines the perceived loudness of sound

Answer 45

intensity

Question 46

• determined by prominence of the harmonics
• determined by presence and relative intensity of the
  various partials

Answer 46

Quality