Final

Question 1

Property crime

Answer 1

broad range of offences involving property, including breaking and entering, fraud, theft, and motor vehicle theft

Question 2

True or False: Property crime is the most common form of criminal activity documented in official statistics

Answer 2

True

Question 3

True or False: Theft under $5000 is the most common type of non-violent crimes

Answer 3

True

Question 4

5 major conventional forms of property crime

Answer 4

1. Break-and-enter
2. Fraud and identity theft
3. Theft
4. Motor vehicle crime
5. Arson

Question 5

Break-and-enter (B&E)

Answer 5

Property crime that involves illegal entry or attempt to trespass into a building or dwelling without permission and with the intent of committing a theft or act of vandalism (does not have to involve theft)

Question 6

The difference between robbery and break-and-enter in Canada is…

Answer 6

The presence, or lack of presence, of a person-to-person confrontation

Question 7

THEFT, TWO DIFFERENT THEFT OFFENCES

Answer 7

property crime that involves the unlawful taking of property or a service that belongs to an individual or a business, typically without any intention of returning it

THEFT UNDER $5000
THEFT OVER $5000

Question 8

Theft under $5000 vs. over

Answer 8

Theft under $5000, it is up to the prosecutor whether or to treat it as an indictable offence or summary offence.
- Indicted: Imprisonment up to 2 years.
- Summary: Imprisonment up to 6 months and/or $200 fine

Theft over $5000, always an indictable offence with punishment up to 10 years.

Question 9

Robbery

Answer 9

DIFFERS FROM THEFT IN THAT THE GOODS ARE USUALLY STOLEN DIRECTLY FROM THE OWNER. THE ROBBER USES INTIMIDATION, FORCE, OR COERCION TO OBTAIN THE GOODS.

Question 10

Three categories of B&E

Answer 10

1. Residential
2. Business
3. Non-residential private structures (detached garages, sheds, storage and transportation facilities)

Question 11

What is believed to have impacted the significant drop of B&E?

Answer 11

Improved quality of security devices and services.

Question 12

What was a possible reason for the increase in certain types of crimes like B&E?

Answer 12

Increased use of fentanyl

Question 13

Crime clearance rates

Answer 13

Proportion of reported crimes solved by police – tell us something about nature of crime, how effective crime prevention/intervention strategies are.

Question 14

Clearance rate for property crime in 2020

Answer 14

27.3%

Question 15

Rational Choice Theory

Answer 15

This theory assumes human beings are rational creatures, which means they rely on reason and logic to make decisions.

Question 16

Rational Choice Theory Assumptions

Answer 16

1. Decisions are a simple matter of cost vs. reward
2. People take action when benefits outweigh costs
3. People will take no action, stop taking action, or take opposite action, when cost outweighs benefits.
4. People utilize the resources they have at hand to maximize opportunity.

Question 17

Rational Choice Theory: B&E

Answer 17

the offender weighs the potential costs and rewards of the act against the likelihood of being caught

Question 18

Fraud

Answer 18

unlawful use of cheating or deception to obtain something of value

Question 19

Identity fraud

Answer 19

illegal use of name and personal information of another person for fraudulent purposes

Question 20

Theft

Answer 20

property crime that involves the unlawful taking of property or a service that belongs to an individual or a business, typically without any intention of returning it

Question 21

Motor vehicle crime (MVC)

Answer 21

Broad range of offences involving car, truck, SUV including theft, criminal damage, joyriding, profit, commission of another crime

Question 22

4 new CC offences to control vehicle theft

Answer 22

1. Motor-vehicle theft
2. Altering, removing or obliterating a vehicle identification number
3. Trafficking in property obtained by crime
4. Possession of property obtained by crime for the purpose of trafficking

Question 23

Arson

Answer 23

involves destruction of one’s own or another’s property through the use of fire or an explosion

Question 24

Public Order Crimes

Answer 24

Activities deemed legal because they are viewed as immoral or harmful, even though parties who engage do so by choice.

ex. gambling, prostitution, pornography, substance abuse

Question 25

Law can be interpreted as subscribing to one of the two general theoretical orientations

Answer 25

Consensus perspective
Conflict perspective

Question 26

Consensus perspective

Answer 26

criminological perspective that sees law as representing the interests of society.

Question 27

Conflict perspectives

Answer 27

criminological approach that sees laws as representing the interests of specific groups in society

Question 28

Fraser Report

Answer 28

1995 report of the SCPP calling for amendments to these laws, which are described as outdated and vague.

Question 29

Canada v. Bedford

Answer 29

Court case that struck down Canada’s prostitution laws claiming they made the practice of sex work – legal in and ot itself - extremely dangerous

Question 30

Protection of Communities and Exploited Persons Act:

Answer 30

passed on 2014 to criminalize those who buy or profit from sex work, apart from sex workers themselves.

Question 31

The four goals of the decriminalization of prostitution..

Answer 31

Prevent sexual procurement of children and youth

Protect prostitutes from pimp coercion and customer violence

Encourage prostitute self-employment

Protect bystanders from nuisance

Question 32

Reasons people engage in sex work - Feminist perspective

Answer 32

Perspective varies. Some view it as a legitimate profession and argue for decriminalization. Radical feminists view it as a by-product of patriarchy.

Question 33

Reasons people engage in sex work - Functionalist approach

Answer 33

Views sex work as part of our social institutions, contributing to stability

Question 34

Reasons people engage in sex work - Social-psychological approach

Answer 34

Acknowledges history of abuse of many sex workers as well as other social challenges

Question 35

Reasons people engage in sex work - political economy perspective

Answer 35

Argues that social inequalities force some women to turn to prostitution out of economic necessity

Question 36

Dark figure

Answer 36

volume of crime that is not officially recorded