Final Flashcards
Description
Prediction
Control
What are the goals of Science?
Science is a systematic approach to understanding natural phenomena
What is Science?
Behavior analysis is a ______ science.
natural
Behavior analysis studies effects environmental variables have on________.
behavior
Which of the following is a natural science?
A. Behavior Analysis
B. Psychology
C. Biology
D. Sociology
E. All of the above
F. A and C
A and C
True or False?
Behavior analysis studies behavior alone.
false
True or False?
Behavior analysis is a type of therapy.
false
Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior.
Learning
T or F?
Learning occurs through experience.
True
Interaction between a living organism’s action and the environment
Behavior
Biological
Involves action
Interaction between organism and environment
Critical Attributes of behavior:
Is it a behavior? Yes or No
Khalil gets a haircut
No
Which is NOT a behavior?
a) Taking deep breaths before a test
b) Driving to work
c) Screaming at your spouse
d) Refusing to clean your room
e) Singing your favorite song
D. refusing to clean
public or private behavior?
You hear a commercial on the radio for pizza and you think to yourself, “YUMMY”
Thinking, “YUMMY” is:
private behavior
public or private?
You are alone in the house, and you dance to your favorite song. Dancing to your favorite song is:
public behavior
A single instance of behavior
Response
Correct or Incorrect? Megan engaged in five ball throwing behaviors.
incorrect
- Topographically different responses that have the same effect on the environment
- Two or more responses, same outcome
Response Class
Pressing the button on the calculator with my index finger and pressing a button on the remote with my index finger:
a. “Look” the same
b. Have the same effect on the environment
a
Riri says “I want sushi” and Rocky gives her sushi. Riri touches the plate of sushi and Rocky gives her sushi. Riri calls for sushi delivery and gets sushi.
a. Response class
b. Not a response class
a
Kaavia tantrums for 20 minutes.
a. Rate
b. Duration
c. Frequency
b
Drake texted his friend 25 times in one hour
a. Rate
b. Duration
c. Frequency
a
Pain from a paper cut
a. Public
b. Private
b
Hunger pangs
a. Public
b. Private
b
Stimulus Class
A group of stimuli that share one or more common _____, ______, or ______ characteristics
formal (size, shape, color), temporal (location in time), or functional (effect on bx)
Stimulus class?
A sound of a loud bang startles you.The car alarm goes off and you get startled. Someone taps your shoulder and you get startled.
A. Yes
B. No
a
These stimuli share common elements along which dimension?
a. Formal
b. Functional
c. Temporal
d. Both b and c
d
Cailyn is the behaver. Mr. Chen says, “Please line up by the door.” Cailyn stands up and walks up to the door to line up. Cailyn asks Mr. Chen, “Did I do a great job lining up?” Mr. Chen says, “Absolutely!”
What is the antecedent to Cailyn standing up and walking towards the door?
a. Mr. Chen saying “Please line up by the door”
b. Cailyn standing up
c. Cailyn walking up to the door
d. Cailyn asking “Did I do a good job?”
a
While watching Frozen at the movies, my phone rings so I go outside to take a call.
a. Antecedent
b. Consequence
a
The following is an example of an abative effect: You see the “Open” sign on the door and you walk through the door.
True or False?
False
Posting pictures on Instagram produced many “likes” which increased picture-posting behavior in the future.
a. Evocative effect
b. Abative effect
c. Neither
c
I ask Khalil, “What should we watch for movie night?” 10 seconds later, he says “Finding Nemo”
What is the latency of my response?
a. 10 seconds
b. Not given
b
I take out my pizza from the oven and I get burned; I don’t take out the pizza from the oven right away in the future. What effect?
a. Evocative
b. Abative
c. Strengthening
d. Weakening
d
I completed Quiz A on time and got a bonus. In the future, I continued to complete Quiz A on time. What effect?
a. Evocative
b. Abative
c. Strengthening
d. Weakening
c
Keri was texting while driving and she sees a police car. She immediately stops texting. What effect?
a. Evocative
b. Abative
c. Strengthening
d. Weakening
b
Marlon hears Dory scream for help so he immediately swims to find Dory. What effect?
a. Evocative
b. Abative
c. Strengthening
d. Weakening
a
T or F?
This demonstrates a strengthening effect: I get a massage and my back stops hurting.
false
My friend waves and I wave back
a. Abative effect
b. Evocative effect
c. Neither
b
My husband says “cut it out” and I stop walking like a T-rex in the store
a. Abative effect
b. Evocative effect
c. Neither
a
I imagine eating a cookie and start mixing cookie dough
a. Abative effect
b. Evocative effect
c. Neither
c
Phenomena are lawful and occur in a systematic way
Determinism
Which of the following is NOT a determinant of behavior?
a. Potent reinforcer
b. Current environment
c. Inherited biological factors
d. Experiential history
a
Selection
Repeated cycles of ____ and ____ with the environment
variation and interaction
Which type of selection involves gene expression?
a. Natural
b. Operant
c. Cultural
a
- S-S-if a stimulus is presented then another stimulus will follow it
- R-S-if a response is emitted, then a stimulus will follow it
- S-R-S-in the presence of a particular stimulus, if a response is emitted, then a stimulus will follow it
3 types of contingencies (if –> then)
What type of contingency?
Kendrick is the behaver. When the teacher is in the classroom, if Kendrick raises his hand, he gets a treat. When the teacher is absent, if Kendrick raises his hand, he does not get a treat.
a. S-S
b. S-R
c. S-R-S
c. S-R-S
Brian hits his peers because he is always angry.
a. Mentalistic explanation
b. Environmental explanation
c. Teleological explanation
a. Mentalistic explanation
Alex cries a lot in class in order to get her peers to like her.
a. Mentalistic explanation
b. Environmental explanation
c. Teleological explanation
c. Teleological explanation
Dust entering Susan’s eye elicited blinking several times. Is this an appropriate use of the term elicit?
Yes or No?
yes
Salivating, Startle response, Tearing up, Sweating, Blinking
Respondent Behavior Examples
Dust enters Susan’s eye and she uses foul language.
a. Respondent
b. Operant
b. operant
Dust enters Jim’s eye and he blinks several times.
a. Respondent
b. Operant
a. respondent
Dwight sees a dusty shelf and blinks several times
a. Respondent
b. Operant
a. respondent
Reflex
Relation between the _____ stimulus and _____ response
antecedent stimulus and reflex response (S-R relation)
T or F? A reflex is best described as a R-S relation
false
Is this a reflex?
Blinking
yes or no
no
yes or no: Is this an unconditioned stimulus?
When sashimi is put in Stanley’s mouth, he salivates
yes
yes or no: Is this an unconditioned response?
When sashimi is put in Meredith’s mouth, she says “YUMMY”!
no
Select the conditioned response:
a. Salivating when you see a picture of cake
b. Tearing when something gets in your eye
c. Yelling “ouch” when you stub your toe
d. Grabbing your toe when you stub your toe
a
Pam sees a bus go by and then a painfully loud crashing noise occurs. The painfully loud crashing noise elicits a heart rate increase. The next time Pam sees a bus drive by her heart rate increases. The underlined text is an example of a(n):
a. Conditioned reflex
b. CS (conditioned stimulus)
c. CR (conditioned response)
d. Unconditioned reflex
e. US (unconditioned stimulus)
f. UR (unconditioned response)
g. None of these
d. unconditioned reflex
Angela is at her favorite restaurant and smells some delicious breadsticks. She bites into a breadstick and says “Wow!”. The next time she is at the same restaurant, Angela smells the delicious breadsticks and says “Wow!”. The underlined text is an example of a(n):
a. Conditioned reflex
b. CS (conditioned stimulus)
c. CR (conditioned response)
d. Unconditioned reflex
e. US (unconditioned stimulus)
f. UR (unconditioned response)
g. None of these
g. none of the above
Which procedure is most effective?
a. Short delay
b. Long delay
c. Trace
d. Simultaneous
e. Backward
a. short delay
What procedure?The offset of the conditioned stimulus must come before the onset of the unconditioned stimulus; delay is no less than 5 seconds
a. Short delay
b. Long delay
c. Trace
d. Simultaneous
e. Backward
c. trace
Potentiation is most likely to be produced by what kind of antecedent stimulus?
a. Appetitive stimulus
b. Aversive stimulus
b. Aversive stimulus
Which of the following is a type of operant contingency:
a. R-S
b. S-R-S
c. S-R
d. All of the above
e. A and B but not C
e. A and B but not C
Which of the following are examples of operant behavior? (select multiple)
a. Dust blows in Lina’s eye and Lina blinks
b. Frank turns the heater on and stops feeling cold
c. Jane sneezes several times
d. A chip tickles Hank’s throat and he coughs
e. Paula asks for a turn with the game and is handed a controller
b. Frank turns the heater on and stops feeling cold
e. Paula asks for a turn with the game and is handed a controller
what are the 2 effects of consequences?
Strengthening effect
Weakening effect
Chelsea throws her pencil at a peer and is sent out of the classroom.
What would a strengthening effect look like?
Chelsea continues to do this or does it more in the future.
Mike tells Kaye, “You look pretty in that dress” and Kaye says thank you!
a. Reinforcement
b. Punishment
c. Neither
c. neither
yes or no: Is this an example of reinforcement?
I told Andre I will take him to the mall to get his favorite food and buy a toy if he cleans his room. Andre immediately cleans his room.
no
yes or no: Is this an example of reinforcement?
Michael asks for a Coke nicely and his girlfriend hands him a Coke.
no
Things we usually like, such as food, drink, etc are:
a. Appetitive
b. Aversive
a
Kelly tells her brother that dinosaurs are stupid, and her brother stops talking to her about dinosaurs. Kelly continues telling people what they are discussing is stupid. This is an example of:
a. Positive reinforcement
b. Negative reinforcement
c. None of these
b
Felix lets go of his brand-new balloon and it floats away. Felix never lets go of balloons again.
a. Positive reinforcement
b. Negative reinforcement
c. None of these
c
I get it my car and check the GPS and it says the 405 freeway is packed. I decide to take the 110 freeway instead.
a. Escape
b. Avoidance
b
I’m driving on the 405 freeway and suddenly, traffic stops. I hear on the radio that there’s been an accident and traffic will be heavy for a while. I decide to exit the freeway and take the side streets instead.
a. Escape
b. Avoidance
a
Melissa turns in all of her logs to Ed one week in advance. Ed says “Great job! Now you can help me with my logs!” Melissa doesn’t turn her logs in advance anymore.
a. Negative reinforcement
b. Positive reinforcement
c. Negative punishment
d. Positive punishment
e. None of these
d. Positive punishment
Kai pushes kids on the slide during recess. Whenever he pushes someone, the yard supervisor would ask him to sit on the bench for five minutes. As a result, Kai’s pushing behavior has decreased over time.
a. Negative reinforcement
b. Positive reinforcement
c. Negative punishment
d. Positive punishment
d. Negative punishment
A stimulus that is usually reinforcing without any prior learning is a/an:
a. Conditioned punisher
b. Conditioned reinforcer
c. Generalized conditioned reinforcer
d. Unconditioned punisher
e. Unconditioned reinforcer
e. Unconditioned reinforcer
Conditioned reinforcers initially have no innate reinforcing properties but acquire reinforcing properties through pairing with:
a. Primary reinforcers
b. Unconditioned reinforcers
c. Powerful conditioned reinforcers
d. all the above
d. all the above
Tokens, scores, praise and money are common examples of:
a. Unconditioned reinforcers
b. Primary reinforcers
c. Generalized reinforcers
d. A and C
c. Generalized reinforcers
Videos, toys, books are common examples of:
a. Conditioned reinforcers
b. Secondary reinforcers
c. Primary reinforcers
d. All of the above
e. A and B but not C
e. A and B but not C
Michael forgot his pen and needs one to take his math test. He asks Jim for a pen and he immediately gets the pen after he borrows it. In the future, when he needs a pen, he asks Jim. This is an example of:
a. Automatic negative reinforcement
b. Automatic-positive reinforcement
c. Socially-mediated negative reinforcement
d. Socially-mediated positive reinforcement
d. Socially-mediated positive reinforcement
Which is an example of positive reinforcement?
a. Mike is watching TV on his phone.
b. Maya is at the beach and heard a loud crash that made her heart rate increase.
c. Kai gets an award for perfect attendance for the month of June and missed work the next month.
d. Bailey got a bonus treat for following directions. In the future, he follows directions each time they are given.
d
Rachel eats a sour candy and enjoys the sour taste. In the future, Rachel eats a sour candy more often. This is an example of:
a. Positive Reinforcement
b. Positive Punishment
c. Negative Reinforcement
d. Negative Punishment
e. None of these
a
Phoebe slams the smoke detector on the table to stop it from beeping and breaks the reset button. Phoebe never slammed the smoke detector (or any object) on the table again.
a. Positive Reinforcement
b. Positive Punishment
c. Negative Reinforcement
d. Negative Punishment
e. None of these
d
Monica tells her brother Ross that science boy is stupid. Ross stops making science boy. Monica continues telling people what she does not like or what she thinks is stupid.
a. Positive Reinforcement
b. Positive Punishment
c. Negative Reinforcement
d. Negative Punishment
e. None of these
c
What schedule of reinforcement is recommended for establishing behavior?
a. Continuous
b. Intermittent
c. Extinction
d. None of the above
a
What schedule of reinforcement is recommended for maintaining already established behavior?
a. Continuous
b. Intermittent
c. Extinction
d. None of the above
b
Two schedules of reinforcement that serve as boundaries for all other schedules are:
a. Fixed and Variable
b. Continuous and extinction
c. Ratio and Interval
b
What produces an “all or none” pattern of responding, post-reinforcement pause is followed by burst of responding?
a. FR
b. VR
c. FI
d. VI
a
Produces a “scalloped” pattern of responding
a. FR
b. VR
c. FI
d. VI
c
What schedule of reinforcement is the MOST resistant to extinction:
a. FR
b. VR
c. FI
d. VI
b
A friend of mine is very clingy and sends Facebook messages every 10 minutes. I get annoyed at these constant messages and memes. So now, I only click the like button if it has been an hour since I last liked a meme.
a. FR 60
b. VR 60
c. FI 60
d. VI 60
c
A VT 5 schedule dictates that a reinforcer is delivered:
a. About every fifth response
b. About every five minutes
c. After every five minutes
d. After every fifth response
e. After the first response after five minutes
b
Extinction is a decreasing in the rate of responding due to:
a. Lack of opportunity to emit response
b. Passage of time
c. Non-reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior
d. None of these
c
Whenever Bailey chews on Maya’s shoes, she would yell at him. Bailey’s shoe-chewing behavior decreased in frequency. One day, Maya’s shoes got ripped and she couldn’t wear them anymore. She no longer yells at Bailey if he chewed on her shoes. Bailey’s shoe-chewing behavior increased.
a. Extinction
b. Recovery from Punishment
b
A behavior technician starts to provide services at Liam’s home for his punching and kicking behaviors. The behaviors have decreased at home but the teacher reports that Liam has started kicking and punching more kids and more frequently at school. Liam does not receive ABA services at Loma Elementary School.
a. Premack principle
b. Behavioral contrast
c. Behavior momentum
d. Matching law
b
Consists of two or more alternating schedules without any different stimuli associated with each component schedule.
a. Concurrent
b. Multiple
c. Mixed
d. Chained
e. Tandem
c
Response requirements of two or more basic schedules must be met in specific sequence before reinforcement is delivered. A discriminative stimulus is correlated with each component of the schedule.
a. Concurrent
b. Multiple
c. Mixed
d. Chained
e. Tandem
d
Rihanna got a phone call from Rocky and he invited her to go to the skating rink. Now she must decide whether to stay home and watch her favorite show on Netflix or go out with Rocky to the rink where she always has a great time.
a. Concurrent
b. Multiple
c. Mixed
d. Chained
e. Tandem
a
During reading class, Ms. Baek reinforces hand raising behavior on a CRF schedule. During Mandrin class, Mr. Chen reinforces hand raising on an interval schedule. After Mandarin, the students go back to Ms. Baek’s room for art class.
a. Concurrent
b. Multiple
c. Mixed
d. Chained
e. Tandem
b
Which of the following demonstrates the function-altering effects of a consequence on an antecedent?
a. Sheila sings along to her favorite pop songs
b. Sheila’s brother laughs at her
c. Sheila only sings when her brother is not home and never sings when he is home
d. Sheila feels bad about her singing voice
c
Which of the following demonstrates the function-altering effects of a consequence on an antecedent?
a. Samson makes a silly word with the fridge magnets
b. Samson’s mother laughs and calls Samson a silly boy
c. When Samson sees his mom in the future he makes willy words with the fridge magnet
d. Samson loves his mother very much
c
Bea has two best friends. Suzy and Nympha. When Bea gossips to Suzy, Suzy always gossips back. When Bea gossips to Nympha, Nympha does not participate in the conversation. Bea now gossips only in the presence of Suzy but never in the presence of Nympha. This is an example of:
a. Differentiation
b. Discrimination
b
T or F: Discrimination is a possible result of differential reinforcement
true
T or F: Specifically, it is the result of differential reinforcement based on topography of behavior
false
ASRWhen Dwight jokes with Angela and they are alone, Angela laughs at Dwight’s jokes. When Dwight jokes with Angela in the presence of co-workers, Angela does not laugh. Dwight only jokes with Angela when they are alone. This is an example of?
a. Discrimination
b. Differentiation
a
