FINAL

Question 1

surrounds an event and contains all sorts of information, sequences, temporal or causal information, new vocabulary, etc. Children use scripts to learn

Answer 1

event based (WORLD) knowledge

Question 2

consists of categories and classes of words. Exactly what it sounds like, definition of the word

Answer 2

Taxonomic (WORD) knowledge

Question 3

Overall, preschoolers rely on ____________________ knowledge and kindergartners move towards more ____________ learning of groupings.

Answer 3

event-based, scripted

Question 4

• Develop in parallel throughout the lifetime
• Especially during the first 2-5 years of life
• representation is found in BOTH

Answer 4

Cognition and language

Question 5

When we are first learning, representation takes on a variety of ______________ _____________.

Answer 5

different faces

Question 6

Through age 2, ____________ is highly context dependent, talking about things that are here and now

Answer 6

comprehension

Question 7

Within the first _____ words, _____________ seems to precede production

Answer 7

50, comprehension

Question 8

2 comprehension strategies that children uses include

Answer 8

1) probably event - do what you usually do
2) act on the object in the way mentioned

Question 9

By ____ months, a child can use word order in a limited way

Answer 9

28

Question 10

Late preschool, _______ order used consistently

Answer 10

word

Question 11

Toddler (12-24 months) receptive strategies include:

Answer 11

Reference principle
Extendability principle
Whole-object principle
Categorical assumption
Novel name-nameless assumption
Conventionality assumption

Question 12

toddler receptive strategy: people use words to refer to entities

Answer 12

Reference principle

Question 13

toddler receptive strategy: words are extendable

Answer 13

Extendability principle:

Question 14

toddler receptive strategy: a given word refers to the whole entity and no it’s part (show me the car, can point to anything on the car and it’s still car

Answer 14

Whole-object principle

Question 15

toddler receptive strategy: words can refer to categories of related entities

Answer 15

Categorical assumption

Question 16

toddler receptive strategy: new name must go with things that have been nameless

Answer 16

Novel name-nameless assumption

Question 17

toddler receptive strategy: the process of naming is systematic

Answer 17

Conventionality assumption:

Question 18

toddler expressive strategies

Answer 18

• Making statements and waiting for feedback
• Testing hypothesis (rising intonation)
• Asking (what’s that)
• Selective imitation (different types - from whole to partial to delayed)
• Formulas
• Role of selective imitation and formulas

Question 19

verbal routine or unanalyzed chunk of language

Answer 19

Formulas

Question 20

scaffolding and conversational turns, can be beneficial but should phase out.

Answer 20

Role of selective imitation and formulas

Question 21

what is bootstrapping?

Answer 21

problem solving as it relates to language. Using what you know to figure out what you don’t know.

Question 22

What is used to analyze syntax or syntactic bootstrapping?

Answer 22

semantics

Question 23

using what you know about sentence construction to figure out word meanings. Children usually use S-V-O sentence rigidly to begin

Answer 23

Syntax or syntactic bootstrapping

Question 24

What are the Universal Language Learning Principles?

Answer 24

1) Pay attention to the ends of words
2) Phonological forms can be systematically modified
3) Pay attention to thee order of words and morphemes
4) Avoid interruption and rearrangement of linguistic units
5) Underlying semantic relations should be marked clearly and overtly
6) Avoid exceptions
7) Grammatical markers should make sense

Question 25

Children’s processes of language acquisition

Answer 25

intention reading, pattern finding, statistical learning, and production

Question 26

fancy way of saying figuring out the context. using clues to figure out context.

Answer 26

intention reading

Question 27

if mom says “daddy” “john” and “he” is an example of what children’s processes of language acquisition?

Answer 27

analogy

Question 28

children’s processes of language acquisition; an interruption

Answer 28

preemption

Question 29

fancy way of saying look for the patterns

Answer 29

functional based distributional analysis

Question 30

high frequency words are learned before low frequency

Answer 30

statistical learning

Question 31

will use familiar forms with novel information

Answer 31

production

Question 32

ADULTS conversational techniques

Answer 32

Modeling
Prompting
responding

Question 33

ADULTS conversational techniques - toddler modeling

Answer 33

Paralinguistic, Lexical, Semantic, Syntactic, Conversational

Question 34

• Slower speech with longer pauses
• Higher pitch
• Exaggerated intonation and stress
• Varied loudness pattern
• Fewer disfluencies
• Fewer words per minute

Answer 34

modeling, paralinguistic

Question 35

More restricted vocabulary
3 times as much paraphrasing
More concrete reference to here and now

Answer 35

modeling, Lexical

Question 36

More limited range of semantic functions
More contextual support

Answer 36

modeling, Semantic

Question 37

Fewer broken or run on sentences
Shorter, less complex sentences
More well-formed and intelligible sentences
Fewer complex utterances
Majority of imperatives and questions

Answer 37

modeling, syntactic

Question 38

Fewer utterances per conversation
More repetitions (16% of utterances are repeated within 3 turns)

Answer 38

modeling, conversational

Question 39

ADULTS conversational techniques - toddler PROMPTING

Answer 39

Fill-ins
Elicited imitations
Questions

Question 40

How parents respond to early communicative behaviors on the child’s part predicts early word learning

Answer 40

ADULTS conversational techniques - toddler RESPONDING

Question 41

ADULTS conversational techniques - toddler RESPONDING components

Answer 41

Reformulation
expansion
extension
imitation

Question 42

Taking what the child has said and making it more correct
If the parent says “ba go” the parent says “yes the ball went under the table”

Answer 42

Reformulation

Question 43

Taking what the child says and not reformulated it, but expanding on it

Answer 43

Expansion

Question 44

taking expansion and add something else that is still cohesive and appropriate about the interaction

Answer 44

Extension

Question 45

ADULTS conversational techniques with preschoolers: what children hear:

Answer 45

5 to 7k utterances every day
⅓ questions
¼ imperatives
80% full adult sentences
15% SVO
80% pronoun for subject

Question 46

keep the conversation going, an utterance that responds to the previous utterance and requires response

Answer 46

turn abouts