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image intesification > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

1
Q

in a modern fluoroscope, the fluoroscopic x ray tube

A

can be over or under the table

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2
Q

the fluoroscope was invented by

A

Thomas Edison

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3
Q

compared with radiographic examination, the primary purpose of a fluoroscopic examination is to visualize

A

dynamic images

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4
Q

fluoroscopy normally requires a tube current of

A

0.5-5 mA

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5
Q

ABS is designed to compensate for changes in what

A

patient composition

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6
Q

what unit of measurement is used to express fluoroscopic image brightness

A

candelas

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7
Q

photoelectric emission (photoemission) is

A

the emission of light

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8
Q

the measurement of the increase in image intensity achieved by an image intensification tube is known as

A

total brightness gain

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9
Q

the measurement of the increase in light photons due to the conversion efficiency of the output screen is

A

flux gain

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10
Q

does flux gain cause an increase or decrease in image quality

A

decrease

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11
Q

when an image intensifier receives x rays at the input phosphor, what is emitted at the output phosphor

A

visible light

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12
Q

the principal reason for pixel binning is to

A

increase spatial resolution

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13
Q

the fixed tube target for fluoroscopic x ray tubes should not be below

A

15” SOD

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14
Q

the active layer of the input screen is

A

sodium activated cesium iodide

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15
Q

the active layer of the output screen is

A

zinc cadmium sulfide phosphor

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16
Q

the formula utilized to figure minification gain

A

input screen diameter ^2 / output screen diameter ^2

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17
Q

what formula is utilized to figure brightness gain

A

minification gain x flux gain

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18
Q

which system does not change exposure factors when utilized

A

AGS

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19
Q

what system is part of the video camera system and works with the electronic signal

A

AGS

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20
Q

what gives the appearance of a warped edge on an image

A

the pincushion effect

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21
Q

the most popular generator system for a portable radiography device

A

battery operated

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22
Q

the table top dose for fluoroscopy should not exceed what amount

A

10 R/min or 100 mGy/min

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23
Q

the imaging technology that is used in digital fluoro

A

TFT - thin film transistor

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24
Q

what type of tube is designed to convert remnant radiation from the patient to an amplified light image

A

image intensification tube

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25
Q

the distance from the center of one pixel to the center of the next one in the display & measures the resolution of the system

A

pixel pitch

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26
Q

an eight bit processor produces ____ shades of gray

A

256

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27
Q

measures exposure to the receptor during the use of AEC

A

ionization chambers

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28
Q

AEC devices work by measuring

A

radiation that exits the patient

29
Q

how many detectors are typically found in an AEC system

A

3

30
Q

the purpose of the backup timer is to

A

limit unnecessary x ray exposure

31
Q

when using AEC the backup timer should be set at approx. __%

A

150

32
Q

the purpose of the anatomic programming is to

A

present the radiographer with a preselected set of exposure factors

33
Q

a primary goal of an exposure technique chart is to

A

produce quality images consistently

34
Q

what is not under the direct control of the radiographer when utilizing AEC

A

time (seconds)

35
Q

which factors are under the direct control of the technologist when utilizing AEC

A

kVp, mA, Ion chambers

36
Q

the length of time necessary for the AEC to respond to the ionization & send a signal to terminate exposure

A

minimum exposure time

37
Q

the time amount set for the system to terminate exposure

A

backup time

38
Q

density controls should be used for what situation

A

when chamber cells cannot be positioned under anatomy

39
Q

what is the device used to measure body parts from the central ray entrance to exit points

A

calipers

40
Q

the density controls adjust exposure by + or - ____ %

A

25

41
Q

in what position do switches have to be in, in order to conduct electricity

A

closed or on

42
Q

density controls work with which part of the AEC circuit

A

thyratron

43
Q

what type of detectors are used in modern AEC devices

A

gas ionization chambers

44
Q

responsible for storing the charge sent from the ion chambers

A

capacitor

45
Q

device that receives electricity surging down the circuit; responsible for pulling the switch

A

magnet relay

46
Q

exposure system that develop appropriate ranges for specific body parts

A

fixed kVp

47
Q

exposure system that develop appropriate ranges per part thickness

A

variable kVp

48
Q

what is the accrediting agency for hospitals

A

TJC

49
Q

monitors technical equipment to maintain standards

A

quality control

50
Q

T/F: the terms radiographic quality assurance assesses anything patient care related

A

true

51
Q

what can be evaluated in a quality assurance program

A

performance of procedures
maintenance of equipment
staff development

52
Q

a QC program that monitors equipment performance can aid the department by

A

reducing patient wait times
lowering patient doses
improving department morale
reducing supply costs

53
Q

how often should repeat analysis be performed

A

monthly

54
Q

acceptable repeat analysis performance for a department should be

A

3-10 %

55
Q

HIPAA stands for

A

health insurance portability & accountability act

56
Q

determining if the same results are obtained every time the same technique factors are used describes

A

reproducibility

57
Q

the ability of the machine to utilize different combinations of mA & time to achieve the same mAs & result in the same exposure & density describes

A

linearity

58
Q

what tools are used to test the focal spot

A

star test
pinhole camera
slit camera

59
Q

the abbreviation used to describe the amount of filtration used to reduce the beam intensity to one - half of its original value

A

HVL

60
Q

the CR of the x ray beam should be within ___ % of the SID from the center of the light field

A

2 %

61
Q

what is a dead pixel ?

A

a non-functioning pixel

62
Q

the fluoro exposure rate is measured by a dosimeter & should not exceed ____ R/min

A

5

63
Q

tomographic systems test the sharpness at the ______ level to check depth accuracy

A

fulcrum

64
Q

AEC ion chamber sensitivity should be within +/- _____ of each other

A

10%

65
Q

the Detective Quantum Efficiency (DQE) measures the _______________ ratio

A

signal to noise

66
Q

the DQE value range is 0-1 , what is considered a perfect system ?

A

1

67
Q

the brightness uniformity on display monitors should be ___ % between workstations

A

5%

68
Q

the repeat rate for Technologists when analyzing repeat data should be between ___ %

A

3-10%

69
Q

PACS system accuracy is interfaced with what other systems?

A

EMR
HIS
RIS

image intesification (2 decks)

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