Final

Question 1

What is the PEC’s code of ethics about?

Answer 1

The PEC Code of Ethics is a set of rules that engineers in Pakistan must follow. It says that Allah wants people to be honest and take care of their responsibilities. Engineering is a special skill given by nature, and engineers should understand that it’s a responsibility. The Code is based on principles from the Holy Quran and guides engineers to use their knowledge for the good of society. All engineers in the Pakistan Engineering Council must agree to follow this Code to keep the engineering profession honorable and respected.

Question 2

How many verses of Quran are there in PEC code of ethics?

Answer 2

There are ten verses of Quran in PEC’s code of ethics, that engineers in Pakistan must abide by.

Question 3

What are the Virtues Encouraged in Verses of the Quran that are listed in PEC’s Code of ethics?

Answer 3

Virtues Encouraged in Verses of the Quran that are listed in PEC’s Code of ethics:
1) Give back trusts.
2) Judge with justice.
3) Give full and fair measures.
4) Act justly and avoid corruption.
5) Be equitable and just even if you have differences.
6) Fulfill obligations.
7) Speak truthfully.
8) Avoid suspicion and backbiting.
9) Seek knowledge before following.
10) Help each other in righteousness and piety.
11) Make decisions through counsel.

Question 4

What are the Vices forbidden in the Verses of the Quran that are listed in PEC’s Code of ethics?

Answer 4

The Vices forbidden in the Verses of the Quran that are listed in PEC’s Code of ethics:
1) Defraud people of their belongings.
2) Act corruptly and cause mischief.
3) Let hatred lead to injustice.
4) Swallow up property through false means.
5) Seek unjust gains through judges.
6) Spy on others.
7) Backbite or speak ill of others.
8) Follow things without knowledge.
9) Help in sin and aggression.

Question 5

Why Study Moral Philosophy/Engineering Ethics?

Answer 5

Studying moral philosophy and engineering ethics helps us:
1) Address our innate demand for moral guidance.
2) Understand our personal moral beliefs.
3) Recognize true moral principles
4) Make clear and logical moral judgments, having no incoherence
5) Develop a reasonable and fair way of making moral decisions
6) Deal with conflicts and reconcile incompatible moral theories

Question 6

What is a Profession?

Answer 6

1) Sophisticated Skills
2) Membership through formal education
3) Standards enforced by organizations
4) Focus on public good

Question 7

What is Engineering Ethics?

Answer 7

Engineering Ethics involves:
1) Analyzing problems critically
Developing problem-solving skills.
2) Understanding professional duties and rights.
3) Considering the difference between legality and ethics.

Question 8

what is professional ethics?

Answer 8

Professional ethics is a course in philosophy that guides individuals of a certain field to differentiate between right and wrong, so they can make morally informed decisions that benefit both their profession and society at large.

Question 9

what is the importance of studying professional ethics?

Answer 9

the importance of studying professional ethics is that it offers:
1) Enlightenment
2) Modernity
3) Humanism
4) Judgment seat of reason

Question 10

What is meant by “Judgment seat of reason”?

Answer 10

“Judgment seat of reason” symbolizes the foundation of Western morality, emphasizing rational thinking and ethical decision-making.

Question 11

What are the influences of professional ethics on politics?

Answer 11

the influences of professional ethics on politics include:
- liberalism
- feminism
- trade union movements
- gender discourse
- environment movement,
- me-too movement

Question 12

What are the influences of professional ethics on Society and Market?

Answer 12

the influences of professional ethics on Society and Market include:
- Cultural relativism
- corporations and company values

Question 13

List Moral Frameworks

Answer 13

Moral Frameworks include:
1) Utilitarianism: act to Maximize Overall Happiness
2) Rights Ethics: Prioritize and respect individual rights
3) Duty Ethics: Act on Universal Moral Obligations
4) Virtue Ethics: Cultivate Moral Virtues for ethical decisions.
5) Self-Realization Ethics: Seeking Personal Growth & Fulfillment
6) Environmental Ethics: Advocate for nature’s well-Being

Question 14

Advantages of Utilitarianism

Answer 14

Advantages of Utilitarianism:

-Focuses on overall happiness.
-Provides a clear decision-making criterion.
-Offers a way to compare different actions.
-Emphasizes consequences and outcomes.
-Provides a common moral framework for society.

Question 15

Disadvantages of Utilitarianism:

Answer 15

Disadvantages of Utilitarianism:
-Ignores individual rights.
-Difficulties in quantifying and comparing happiness.
-Potential for unjust actions for greater good.
-Doesn’t account for motives or intentions.
- Ignores the value of inherent rights or virtues.

Question 16

Advantages of Duty Ethics

Answer 16

Advantages of Duty Ethics:
- Emphasizes universal moral principles.
- Provides clear moral guidelines.
-Respects human dignity and autonomy.
-Focuses on intent and motive.
-Encourages consistency in actions.

Question 17

Disadvantages of Duty Ethics:

Answer 17

Disadvantages of Duty Ethics:
-May not address conflicting duties.
-Doesn’t always account for consequences.
-Can lead to inflexible, rule-based decisions.
-Ignores context and specific situations.
-May not offer guidance in complex dilemmas.

Question 18

Advantages of Rights Ethics

Answer 18

Advantages of Rights Ethics:
- Protects individual freedoms.
- Provides a foundation for human rights.
- Upholds dignity and autonomy.
- Offers a clear basis for moral claims.
- Addresses unequal power dynamics.

Question 19

Disadvantages of Rights Ethics

Answer 19

Disadvantages of Rights Ethics:
-Conflicting rights can create dilemmas.
-Doesn’t provide guidance in trade-offs.
- Can be inflexible
-May not address collective well-being.
-Ignores consequences of actions.

Question 20

Advantages of Virtue Ethics

Answer 20

Advantages of Virtue Ethics:
-Develops moral character.
-Offers guidance in complex situations.
-Emphasizes personal growth.
-Considers motives and intentions.
-Adaptable across cultures.

Question 21

Disadvantages of Virtue Ethics

Answer 21

Disadvantages of Virtue Ethics:
-Vague decision-making.
-Can lead to subjective judgments.
-May not address conflicting virtues.
-Requires individual self-assessment.
-Lacks clear action guidelines.

Question 22

Advantages of Self-Realization Ethics

Answer 22

Advantages of Self-Realization Ethics:
- Encourages personal growth.
- Considers individual well-being.
- Promotes fulfillment and purpose.
- Adaptable to diverse contexts.
- Emphasizes holistic development.

Question 23

Disadvantages of Self-Realization Ethics

Answer 23

Disadvantages of Self-Realization Ethics:
-Can lead to self-centeredness.
-Subjective interpretation of self-fulfillment.
-May not address societal obligations.
-Lacks clear standards for comparison.
-Could conflict with collective interests.

Question 24

Advantages of Environmental Ethics

Answer 24

Advantages of Environmental Ethics:
- Promotes ecological awareness.
- Advocates for nature’s intrinsic value.
- Encourages sustainable practices.
- Addresses global environmental issues.
- Fosters long-term well-being.

Question 25

Disadvantages of Environmental Ethics

Answer 25

Disadvantages of Environmental Ethics:
- Balancing human needs and nature.
- Complex trade-offs in decision-making.
- Vague guidelines for prioritization.
- May conflict with economic interests.
- Challenges in implementing on a large scale.

Question 26

what are some of the current ethical debates??

Answer 26

Current ethical debates include:
-Gain-of-Function Research: Ethical concerns about creating more dangerous pathogens.
-CRISPR: Ethics of editing human DNA with potential unintended effects.
-Stem Cell Research: Debates over using stem cells, embryo destruction, and human manipulation.
-Xenotransplantation: Ethical dilemmas in transplanting animal organs to humans, including disease risks and animal welfare.

Question 27

On what basis do Virtue ethics and Self-Realization Ethics differ?

Answer 27

Virtue ethics and Self-Realization Ethics differ on on the following basis:
1) Focus:
Virtue Ethics: Virtues and character.
Self-Realization Ethics: Personal growth.
2) Guiding Principles:
Virtue Ethics: Virtues guide choices.
Self-Realization Ethics: Self-fulfillment guides choices.
3) Moral Emphasis:
Virtue Ethics: Virtuous behavior.
Self-Realization Ethics: Individual well-being.
4) End Goal:
Virtue Ethics: Moral excellence.
Self-Realization Ethics: Personal development.
5) Application:
Virtue Ethics: Ethical dilemmas.
Self-Realization Ethics: Personal growth decisions