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Social Studies > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following terms describes the belief that God intended for the US to stretch from Atlantic to Pacific Ocean?

A

Manifest Destiny

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2
Q

What religious group created a successful colony near the Great Salt Lake?

A

Mormons

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3
Q

Which of the following geographic features posed a major obstacle for settlers moving west?

A

Rocky Mountains

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4
Q

Which of the following was the most popular route westward, leading to hundreds of thousands of Americans reaching the west coast?

A

The Oregon Trail

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5
Q

In the 1820’s Mexico invited American settlers into ……

A

Texas

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6
Q

What famous battle will become the rallying cry for many Americans fighting against Mexican rule in Texas?

A

Battle of the Alamo

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7
Q

Which of the following individuals was ruler of Mexico when they went to war against rebels in Texas?

A

General Santa Anna

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8
Q

Explain two reasons that many people moved westward in the US

A
  1. They wanted more land 2. People with their religion wanted to have a save place to practice and not have people on top of them. 3. African Americans wanted to get away from slavery.
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9
Q

What are two different difficulties that people traveling along the trails west would have encountered?

A

Not enough food, the weather was unexpected, they had to use what they brought. They didn’t have a store to go to if they forgot something

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10
Q

Why did Texans revolt against Mexican rule of Texas?

A

They revolted because they didn’t follow their rules and started going against what they believe. They also started bringing in slaves

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11
Q

What did Texas become following it’s victory against Mexico?

A

They became there own nation like they weren’t apart of the U.S

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12
Q

Manifest Destiny became the rallying cry for Americans who believed that it was God’s plan for the US …..

A

To Stretch from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean

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13
Q

Who were the “forty-niners”?

A

Prospectors who poured into California after gold was found there

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14
Q

In the 1820’s, New Mexico, Texas, and California attracted expansionists because….

A

They were rich in resources and thinly settled

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15
Q

Which of the following is an accurate statement about emigrants (people moving) heading west in the mid-1800’s?

A

Emigrants usually traveled in wagon trains of 50 to 1,000 people

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16
Q

In the 1840’s and 1850’s, Mormons will settle …

A

In present day-Utah near the Great Salt Lake

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17
Q

What was the outcome of Polk’s expansionist’s policies in the Oregon Territory?

A

The Oregon Territory was split between the US and Britain

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18
Q

Who was President of the US during the Mexican-American War?

A

James K. Polk

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19
Q

What famous westward trail is shown in the map below?

A

Oregon Trail

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20
Q

In the 1820’s Mexico invited American settlers into ….

A

Texas

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21
Q

Which of the following added a small piece of southern Arizona and New Mexico as part of the United States?

A

Gadsen Purchase

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22
Q

During period of Manifest Destiny Which of the following would have increased tension between the Northern and Southern parts of the US?

A

California’s application for statehood

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23
Q

The Angel in the painting “American Progress” best represents…

A

United States Destiny in the West

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24
Q

All of the following states were gained after the Mexican-American War EXCEPT…

A

Idaho

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25
Q

This current state was once an independent nation after it won its independence from Mexico

A

Texas

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26
Q

Which of the following was a condition placed on American settlers moving to Texas?

A

Settlers must worship as Roman Catholics. Anglo-Texans must become Mexican citizens. Slavery, as banned by the Mexican constitution, must be not practiced.

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27
Q

At the end of the Mexican-American War, the United States paid $15 million and left Mexico City in return for

A

New Mexico and California

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28
Q

Which of the following is true about the Wilmot Proviso?

A

It divided Congress

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29
Q

People who believed in Manifest Destiny were known as

A

expansionists

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30
Q

What effect did the Wilmot Proviso have on relations between the North and the South?

A

It increased tensions further between the North and the South.

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31
Q

Who was the General/Dictator of Mexico during the Texas War for Independence and the Mexican American War?

A

Santa Anna

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32
Q

What was the goal of Manifest Destiny?

A

To expand U.S. from ocean to ocean

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33
Q

What is one reason or belief that Americans used to support the idea of Manifest Destiny?

A

Land, Money, have there own religion

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34
Q

What were some of the benefits and some of the challenges faced by Americans who traveled west in the mid-1800s?

A

Benefits - Land, Money Challenges - Weather, disease

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35
Q

What effect did the Mexican-American War and the California gold rush have on the growth of the United States?

A

Once we got California from the Mexicans and the California gold rush happened where people moved to get gold. California is now a populated and biggest state in the United States.

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36
Q

What advantage did the South have in the Civil War?

A

Better officers and military leadership

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37
Q

The Emancipation Proclamation …..

A

Symbolically redefined the war as being about slavery instead of just putting the nation back together

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38
Q

Which of the following benefited the North during the Civil War?

A

Much bigger population along with increased immigration to cities in the North

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39
Q

After the Emancipation Proclamation …..

A

The North began to recruit African Americans to serve in the Union army

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40
Q

What General played a huge role in the early success of the Confederate Army?

A

General Robert E. Lee

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41
Q

Which of the following terms describes when the Union Navy prevented any ships from coming in or out of southern harbors?

A

Blockade

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42
Q

What was the Union Strategy for Victory during the Civil War?

A

The Anaconda plan and that African Americans can fight in the war

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43
Q

What was the Confederate Strategy for victory during the Civil War?

A

The South tried to get other country to ship them supplies but they didn’t help them, made the war expensive for the North

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44
Q

What advantage did the South have in the Civil War?

A

Better officers and military leadership

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45
Q

The Emancipation Proclamation …..

A

Symbolically redefined the war as being about slavery instead of just putting the nation back together

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46
Q

Which of the following benefited the North during the Civil War?

A

Much bigger population along with increased immigration to cities in the North

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47
Q

After the Emancipation Proclamation ….

A

he North began to recruit African Americans to serve in the Union army

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48
Q

What General played a huge role in the early success of the Confederate Army?

A

General Robert E. Lee

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49
Q

Which of the following terms describes when the Union Navy prevented any ships from coming in or out of southern harbors?

A

Blockade

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50
Q

The Civil War began when …..

A

The Confederates opened fire on Fort Sumter

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51
Q

Among the reasons that the death rates in the Civil War were higher than in any previous fighting on American soil …..

A

Was the use of more accurate rifles and deadlier bullets

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52
Q

The Emancipation Proclamation ….

A

Redefined the war as being “about slavery”

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53
Q

To help pay for the war effort, the Union government …..

A

Imposed an Income Tax

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54
Q

What was the most notable military role for women during the Civil War?

A

Nurses/Nursing

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55
Q

Which major battle turned the tide of the war in favor of the Union?

A

Battle of Gettysburg

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56
Q

The Civil War ended when General Lee surrendered at ….

A

Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia

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57
Q

Why was the Civil War’s first large battle so shocking?

A

The battle was more brutal and higher death toll than people expected

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58
Q

The Union gained control of the Mississippi River when troops captured …

A

Vicksburg

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59
Q

After the Battle of Gettysburg, the South

A

Never again fought on Union (Northern) Soil

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60
Q

What did Grant’s policy of “Total War” involve?

A

Targeting anything of value in the South including homes and farms

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61
Q

What event led to the fall of the Confederate capital, Richmond VA.?

A

The Northern Capture of the railroad lines at Petersburg Virginia

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62
Q

What is one advantage that helped the North win the Civil War?

A

Larger population and more technological resources

63
Q

______________________ had a more difficult time rebuilding after the Civil War

A

The South

64
Q

What impact did the Civil War have on the South’s African Americans?

A

Many migrated Northern or Western parts of the U.S

65
Q

Some Abolitionists criticized Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation because they ….

A

Wanted it to free all African Americans and grant them citizenship

66
Q

What is one geographic advantage the South had over the North?

A

The South was fighting in it’s own territory and knew the land

67
Q

By the end of the Civil War, who became the General in charge of the entire Northern Army?

A

Ulysses S. Grant

68
Q

Which pair of battles are considered the “turning point” in the war for the Union (north)?

A

Gettysburg and Vicksburg

69
Q

What are two ways in which the Emancipation Proclamation changed the course of the Civil War?

A

It changed the purpose of the war and African Americans could fight in the war

70
Q

What are two reasons that the Union (North) will win the Civil War?

A

Larger army and the North has more supplies

71
Q

What is one way that the American Civil War helped to change the role of women in American society?

A

They can be nurses and secitaries

72
Q

What impact or change did the the Assassination of Lincoln have on the end of the Civil War?

A

The Assassination of Lincoln would hurt to put the country back together. They don’t have a president and they have to deal with the people involved in the assassination.

73
Q

Was Grant and The North justified in using his “Total War” strategy to end the Civil War? Be sure to provide evidence to back up your opinion

A

“Total War” was a good idea. Putting fire to people’s home is not good when they would have just fought in a war. I feel like winning in a battle is better then trying to cheat your way through.

74
Q

Like Lincoln, President Andrew Johnson wanted to ….

A

Restore the political status of the southern states

75
Q

In an effort to reset the South to the way of life before the Civil War, many southern states ….

A

Established black codes

76
Q

Which of the following guaranteed full citizenship status and rights to every person born in the United States?

A

The Fourteenth Amendment

77
Q

In what system did a landowner lend materials to a person who would plant crops and then pay back the landowner with a portion of the crops harvested?

A

Sharecropping

78
Q

The Freedmen’s Bureau was a federal agency established to ….

A

Aid formerly enslaved African Americans after the Civil War

79
Q

Unlike some previous measures regarding the vote, the Fifteenth Amendment …

A

Applied to northern states as well as southern states

80
Q

What contributed to the end of Reconstruction?

A

Voters and politicians became interested in other issues

81
Q

The Radical Republicans rejected Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan because they believed that …

A

That the plan took it easy on the South and did not punish them enough for starting the Civil War

82
Q

In the years immediately following the Civil War, the South ….

A

saw an increase in African Americans voting and holding public office

83
Q

During Reconstruction, groups such as the Klu Klux Klan …

A

Used violence to prevent freed people from voting

84
Q

Which of the following was a key problem with the sharecropping system?

A

Farmers had to pay the landowners cash rent as well as shares of the crop

85
Q

Which event will officially “end” the Northern occupation of the south and the Reconstruction era?

A

Compromise of 1877

86
Q

The Ten Percent Plan required that

A

A ten percent of a state’s voters take a loyalty oath to the Union

87
Q

One of President Lincoln’s first major goals for Reconstruction was to

A

A reunify the nation.

88
Q

What was the outcome of the impeachment proceedings against President Johnson?

A

The House impeached the president, but the Senate failed to remove him

89
Q

What did Republicans gain from the Compromise of 1877?

A

Rutherford B. Hayes became president.

90
Q

By the end of the 1860s, Northern support for Reconstruction had faded because

A

The cost of military operations in the South worried many people.

91
Q

The Fourteenth Amendment….

A

Recognized citizenship to American males regardless of race

92
Q

What did ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment mean for African Americans?

A

It provided African Americans with a future free from slavery

93
Q

The Black Codes were

A

laws passed that limited the freedom of African Americans

94
Q

The Fifteenth Amendment protected the right of African American men to

A

vote

95
Q

Whom did white southerners call “carpetbaggers”?

A

northern-born Republican office-holders in the South

96
Q

How did members of the Ku Klux Klan demonstrate their anger towards African Americans?

A

They used violence and terror

97
Q

Scalawags in Reconstruction South were …..

A

Southerners who supported republican laws and ideas

98
Q

Why did the House of Representatives vote to impeach President Johnson in 1868?

A

The president had fired a cabinet official without Senate approval

99
Q

What was one tactic used by the South to limit African Americans rights despite the Amendments to the constitution that established those rights? Explain how this tactic would deny African Americans equal opportunities.

A

The Black Coded are rules that the African Americans had to follow under the South. The black coded denied African Americans their rights to be equal. The South didn’t like African Americans they made these codes because they want to go back to slavery.

100
Q

How did the Reconstruction plan of the Radical Republicans differ from the Reconstruction plans of Lincoln and Johnson?

A

The Radical Republicans wanted the South to be more punished then what Lincoln had in mind. Lincoln just wanted to reunite the country. Lincoln and Johnson wanted to reunite the country

101
Q

Was Reconstruction era a success or failure in reuniting the United States following the Civil War? Explain your viewpoint

A

I think the Reconstruction era was a success in someways. African Americans were free but they still were unsafe and people treated them differently. African Americans have a school system but it’s only if they had money.

102
Q

To maximize profits, early corporations ….

A

Paid their workers the lowest possible wages

103
Q

Capitalism fueled industrialization by

A

Encouraging entrepreneurs to establish businesses

104
Q

Which innovation extended the number of hours in a day that Americans could work?

A

Electricity/Light Bulb

105
Q

As farms became mechanized,

A

Farmer workers were replaced by machines and moved to urban areas looking for work

106
Q

In which system does one company control the businesses that make up all phases of a products development?

A

Vertical Integration

107
Q

Corporations had the important advantage of …

A

Reducing the financial risk for individual investors

108
Q

Which argument supports the perception of big business leaders as “captains of industry”?

A

Industrialists support of technology benefited the economy

109
Q

In the late 1800’s, workers tolerated poor wages because they……

A

Could be replaced easily by other workers

110
Q

What was one result of the Haymarket Riot?

A

Support for labor unions decreased dramatically in the US

111
Q

Cartels, monopolies, trusts, vertical and horizontal integration all share the goal of ….

A

Increasing profits for companies and corporations

112
Q

Horizontal integration differs from vertical integration in that it ….

A

Consolidates firms involved in the same business into one giant company

113
Q

Which of the following industrial inventors figures out how to harness the power of electricity for human use?

A

Thomas Edison

114
Q

Which of the following industrial inventors “invented” the telephone?

A

Alexander Graham Bell

115
Q

Andrew Carnegie was most closely associated with which industry or product?

A

Steel Production

116
Q

John D Rockefeller was most closely associated with which industry or product?

A

Oil

117
Q

Which goal was shared by both the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor?

A

To organize workers to demand better conditions from employers

118
Q

In the late 1800s, which factor directly contributed to the growth of the American steel industry?

A

new production technique known as the Bessemer Process

119
Q

During the period from 1865 to 1900, disputes between labor and business owners were sometimes marked by?

A

the use of violence by both sides

120
Q

A monopoly is when…

A

a single company takes control of all production of a product or service

121
Q

Which of the following is not something unions fought for?

A

Expanded child labor

122
Q

This process converted iron to steel and allowed for taller buildings, longer bridges, and heavier machinery

A

Bessemer Process

123
Q

How did labor unions affect the lives of workers?

A

They won shorter hours and better pay

124
Q

What was the difference between a “Captain of Industry” and a “Robber Baron”?

A

Captain of Industry is a good leader that want to help the economy. As Robber Baron is a negative that wants to take away from people and the economy.

125
Q

How were workers lives different following industrialization in the US?

A

Works had a 9-5 job and they got to leave there home

126
Q

Why did workers join labor unions during early industrial America?

A

Workers were underpayed and working in dangerous spaces

127
Q

Were early labor unions effective at creating change in the lives of most industrial workers? Explain your answer

A

Somewhat some people got there pay and shortened hours but some leaders of the company didn’t listen

128
Q

Which of the following factors pulled immigrants to the United States?

A

Large number of employment opportunities inside of the US

129
Q

At processing stations (like Ellis Island), officials met with immigrants to mostly determine ….

A

Their medical condition and their nation of origin

130
Q

Which of the following provided Americanization programs for new immigrants?

A

Settlement Houses

131
Q

From the beginning of the United States, Immigrants had typically come to America for economic opportunity and ……

A

Religious Freedom

132
Q

Travel accommodations for MOST immigrants to the US …..

A

Were dirty, crowded, and unhealthy

133
Q

Most new immigrants lived in cities ….

A

to be close to industrial jobs found mostly in cities

134
Q

Which of these immigrants groups would have been LEAST likely to encounter prejudice?

A

European Protestant

135
Q

Rural (country) to Urban (City) migration was primarily motivated by ….

A

Access to steady employment opportunities

136
Q

The newspapers of the late 1800’s both reflected and helped create ….

A

An American “Mass Culture”

137
Q

Apartments, like the one pictured below, were given which name during this time period?

A

Tenements

138
Q

Most immigrants processed at Angel Island were from ….

A

Asia

139
Q

Which of the following represents a PUSH factor for immigrants coming to America in the second half of the 1800’s?

A

Political Revolutions and Religious Violence

140
Q

Why did the United States start to become known as a “melting pot” of cultures for many people?

A

There was a bunch of different cultures in the United states

141
Q

Why were the living conditions in cities during this time period so dangerous? (2 reasons)

A

No water or pluming and expensive to live there

142
Q

In which decade did the number of women employed in manufacturing increase most?

A

1900

143
Q

How do the changes shown in this graph relate to Progressive reforms?

A

As more women entered the industrial workforce, more women began to work for better living and working conditions and voting rights

144
Q

What social problem did Upton Sinclair’s novel “The Jungle” describe?

A

the living and working conditions in Chicago’s stockyards and meat packing plants

145
Q

Which reform resulted from the fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory?

A

More workers rights and stronger workman’s compensation laws

146
Q

Which reform did the Nineteenth Amendment enact?

A

Women’s Suffrage (right to vote)

147
Q

In 1889, Jane Addams opened Hull House, which was

A

A settlement house to aid immigrants moving to Chicago

148
Q

Progressive shared the belief that industrialization and urbanization …

A

Had created serious social and political problems

149
Q

Socially conscious journalists who dramatized the need for reform were known as …

A

Muckrakers

150
Q

What was the greatest effect of muckrakers on the Progressive movement?

A

Their writing brought a variety of social and economic issues to the public eye, uniting the movement

151
Q

Which of the following is a Referendum?

A

Any law passed by the government can be voted on for approval or veto by the people

152
Q

Which of the following is an initiative?

A

People have the right to propose a new law

153
Q

How did the reforms listed above impact America?

A

They gave citizens a greater voice in the democratic process of government

154
Q

Jacob Riis and Upton Sinclair are considered muckrakers because they

A

exposed corruption and abuses in society

Social Studies (2 decks)

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