Final Flashcards
What are troubles?
Caused by personal shortcomings related to motivation, attitude, character, etc
What are Issues?
Societal matters that impact many people, can only be explained by larger social forces
What is Emile Durkheim known for?
How solidarity affects the suicide rate in a society
What is sociology?
The systematic and scientific study of society
Father of sociology
August Comte
Sociological imagination
A perspective that allows us to consider how outside forces, especially the time and place we were born and live, shape our life story.
Symbolic interaction perspective
Focuses on how human beings use and interpret symbols to communicate and forge a sense of self. A symbol is something that we attach meaning to and use to communicate.
Structural functionalist perspective
The “VCR” approach. Every part of society is necessary and functional.
Conflict perspective
Society is shaped by groups who struggle with one another for valuable resources. It is conflict that holds society together.
Hypothesis
a testable statement about the relationship between two or more variables (it is a prediction about the variables)
variable
a factor that varies or changes
Population
Who you want to study
Sample
all the individuals intended to represent the entire population to be studied
Scientific method
A carefully planned research process with the goal of generating observations and data that can be verified by others.
Subculture
People who share some aspects of the dominant culture but share a unique outlook (anchor)
Culture
The way of life of a people
Ethnocentrism
A point of view in which people use their own culture as a standard for judging the worth of another culture’s ways
Cultural universals
Found in every society
Cultural Specifics
Not found in every society
Norms
Written and unwritten social rules that specify how people should behave. They are often influenced by our shared values.
What is Ascribed Status?
A status that is assigned, not out of free will.
What is Achieved Status?
A status that is earned, a choice.
Role
The behaviors, obligations, expectations, and privileges associated with each of your statuses
What is a Status?
A socially defined position that a person occupies. It sets expectations for our behavior.
Hunting and Gathering Societies
Society with the fewest social divisions
What are the Types of Society?
What is Socialization?
is the lifelong process by which people learn the characteristics of a group
Who is Mead?
Emphasized the significance of the role-taking process we go through as children.
What is an Agent of Socialization?
The people, institutions, and groups that influence our self-concept, emotions, attitudes, and behaviors
What is the “Looking Glass Self”?
Which says we develop our self-image from the way others treat us
Who is Piaget?
Children go through four stages as they develop their ability to reason.
What is a Dyad?
A group of two people.
What is “McDonaldization”?
Instrumental rational action of the fast-food industry is applied to other parts of American life.
What is a Primary group?
based on face-to-face interactions and strong emotional ties. Members feel a connection to one another. Person-oriented
What is a Secondary group?
interact on the basis of specific purposes. Goal-oriented
What is deviance?
What is Differential Association?
based on the idea that criminal behavior is learned in the context of the groups we associate with
What is strain theory?
What is Labeling theory?
What is Stigma?
What is Stratification?
What is Social Class?
What is social mobility
What were Marx’s ideas about social class?
What were Weber’s ideas about social class?
What is the Conflict view of Stratification?
What is the functionalist view of Stratification?
What is Race?
What is ethnicity?
What is Racial formation?
What is a minority group?
What is unconscious bias?
What is redlining?
What is sex?
What is gender?
What is Intersexed?
What is gender stratification?
What is gender socialization?
What is sexism?
