final Flashcards

1
Q

vocal fold paralysis

A
  • disease / trauma to RLN on one side is most common form of VFP
  • unilateral vocal fold paralysis
  • PNS
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2
Q

unilateral vocal fold paralysis

A

Etiology:
1. neoplastic (compresses vagus, RLN)
2. traumatic (surgery)
3. idiopathic

Tx:
- behavioral voice therapy temporary until medical intervention
- voice therapy:
- focus, half-swallow boom, head positioning, tuck-chin, digital manipulation, tongue protrusion /i/, yawn-sigh, pitch shift up, and inhalation phonation

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3
Q

spasmodic dysphonia

A
  • CNS
  • idiopathic
  • tx:
    • inject BTX-A
    • voice therapy: easy breath cycle, yawn-sigh relax
    • surgery

-most common: adductor SD

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4
Q

essential voice tremor

A
  • CNS
    -idiopathic
    Tx:
  • BTX-A
  • deep brain stimulation
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5
Q

what is the purpose of voice screening?

A

The purpose of voice screenings is to help clinicians better identify and document those children in need of voice assessment and potential treatmen

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6
Q

what are the three important perceptual judgments on the Consensus of Auditory Perceptual Evaluation (CAPE-V) and what is a definition for each? (e.g., Rough=sounds like there is something on the vocal folds)

A

Severity: global, integrated impression of voice deviance.
*Roughness: sounds like there is something on the vocal folds.
*Breathiness: audible air escape from the voice
*Strain: perception of excessive vocal effort (hyperfunction)
Pitch: perceptual correlate of fundamental frequency
Loudness: perceptual correlate of sound intensity

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7
Q

laryngoscopy

A

is a medical procedure conducted by an Otolaryngologist or trained SLP that is used to obtain a view of the vocal folds and the glottis.

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8
Q

Stroboscopy

A

incorporates the use of a stroboscopic (flashing) light/rapidly shuttered camera to result in the illusion of slow motion. Allows for observation of vibratory cycles.

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9
Q

changes that occur across the lifespan: LAMINA PROPRIA

A

Infants:
- lamina propria is a single layer
- Mucosa is thinner
- Membranous and catilaginous layer are 50-50%

Adolescent
- No sex difference in VF length until 9-15 yrs old
- Lamnia propria differentiation

Elderly
- Lamina propria deterioration

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10
Q

changes that occur across the lifespan: SIZE OF VOCAL FOLDS

A

Newborns (size of VF)
- 2.5 - 3.0 mm
Adults (size of VF)
- Male: 17-21
- Female: 11-15

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11
Q

changes that occur across the lifespan: LARYNX IN PUBERTY IN MALES

A
  • Laryngeal growth occurs in the last six months of change (age 17)
  • Voice pitch level drop → male voice drops an octave
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12
Q

changes that occur across the lifespan: CHANGE IN PITCH W/ ELDERLY ADULTS WHO ARE MALE & FEMALE

A

Males
- Fo rises in males in their 60’s and older
- VFs thins
Females
- Fo decreases in their 50s and older
- Larynx lowers

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13
Q

changes that occur across the lifespan: OTHER CHANGES W/ AGING IN VOICE

A

Aging adults larynx
- Cartilages: ossify (harden)
- Joints: deteriorate
- Muscles: atrophy
- VF’s: glands in mucosa degenerate,

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14
Q

What is Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion (PVFM)?

A
  • Complex disorder in which VF adduction occurs during inspiration; carrying over to expiratory phase
  • Resulting in airway obstruction of the airway
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15
Q

What are some of the other terms PVFM is also known as (aka)?

A

*Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD)
Paroxysomal vocal fold dysfunction
Inducible laryngeal obstruction
Factitious asthma / Pseudoasthma
*Emotional laryngeal wheezing
*Psychogenic stridor
Episodic Paroxysmal Laryngospasm
*Munchausen’s stridor (original name)

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16
Q

What is the SLP role in helping clients/patients with PVFM (e.g., breathing)?

A

Breathing
Biofeedback
Weight exercise
Relaxation

17
Q

what is resonance?

A

-Resonance is what happens in the air-filled oral and nasal cavities (i.e., the main structures of resonance). Resonance is what happens to the airstream after respiration has supported phonation at the level of the vocal folds. Resonance occurs more with vowels than with consonants, as consonants are primarily articulated. Resonance can be divided into hypernasal (excessive air emission through the nares) vs. hyponasal (blockage in the nasal cavities

18
Q

What is a resonance disorder (e.g., cleft lip/palate; craniofacial differences)?

A
  • hyper nasality
  • hypo nasality
19
Q

what is HYPERNASALITY?

A
  • An excessively undesirable amount of perceived nasal cavity
  • resonance during the phonation of normally non-nasal vowels and non-nasal voiced consonants.

etiology:
- sub mucous cleft
-anatomic
- overt cleft palate w/ or w/o cleft lip

20
Q

what is HYPO-NASALITY ?

A
  • Reduced or completely lacking nasal resonance, two types:
  • A basic lack of nasal resonance for the three normally nasalized English phonemes: /m/, /n/, and /ŋ/ → (/b/, /d/, /g/); can affect vowels to some degree; can be temporary (cold virus; sinus infections)
  • Cul de sac: anterior obstruction of nasal cavity

etiology:
- tumors
-inflammations
-adenoids

21
Q

What is the SLP role in helping clients/patients with resonance disorders (e.g., instrumentation and sentence types use to assess)?

A
  • Oral-peripheral exam
  • Perceptual analysis
  • Instrumentation Assessments
  • CAPE- V (sentences)
22
Q

instrumentation

A
  • nasaometry; aerodynamics: indirect
  • video-fluoroscopy; nasopharyngoscopy: direct
23
Q

CAPE-V

A

The CAPE-V elicites sustained vowels as well as connected speech productions in both sentence reading and spontaneous speech
Assess severity of : dysphonia, roughness, breathiness, strain, pitch & loudness using VAS