final Flashcards
vocal fold paralysis
- disease / trauma to RLN on one side is most common form of VFP
- unilateral vocal fold paralysis
- PNS
unilateral vocal fold paralysis
Etiology:
1. neoplastic (compresses vagus, RLN)
2. traumatic (surgery)
3. idiopathic
Tx:
- behavioral voice therapy temporary until medical intervention
- voice therapy:
- focus, half-swallow boom, head positioning, tuck-chin, digital manipulation, tongue protrusion /i/, yawn-sigh, pitch shift up, and inhalation phonation
spasmodic dysphonia
- CNS
- idiopathic
- tx:
- inject BTX-A
- voice therapy: easy breath cycle, yawn-sigh relax
- surgery
-most common: adductor SD
essential voice tremor
- CNS
-idiopathic
Tx: - BTX-A
- deep brain stimulation
what is the purpose of voice screening?
The purpose of voice screenings is to help clinicians better identify and document those children in need of voice assessment and potential treatmen
what are the three important perceptual judgments on the Consensus of Auditory Perceptual Evaluation (CAPE-V) and what is a definition for each? (e.g., Rough=sounds like there is something on the vocal folds)
Severity: global, integrated impression of voice deviance.
*Roughness: sounds like there is something on the vocal folds.
*Breathiness: audible air escape from the voice
*Strain: perception of excessive vocal effort (hyperfunction)
Pitch: perceptual correlate of fundamental frequency
Loudness: perceptual correlate of sound intensity
laryngoscopy
is a medical procedure conducted by an Otolaryngologist or trained SLP that is used to obtain a view of the vocal folds and the glottis.
Stroboscopy
incorporates the use of a stroboscopic (flashing) light/rapidly shuttered camera to result in the illusion of slow motion. Allows for observation of vibratory cycles.
changes that occur across the lifespan: LAMINA PROPRIA
Infants:
- lamina propria is a single layer
- Mucosa is thinner
- Membranous and catilaginous layer are 50-50%
Adolescent
- No sex difference in VF length until 9-15 yrs old
- Lamnia propria differentiation
Elderly
- Lamina propria deterioration
changes that occur across the lifespan: SIZE OF VOCAL FOLDS
Newborns (size of VF)
- 2.5 - 3.0 mm
Adults (size of VF)
- Male: 17-21
- Female: 11-15
changes that occur across the lifespan: LARYNX IN PUBERTY IN MALES
- Laryngeal growth occurs in the last six months of change (age 17)
- Voice pitch level drop → male voice drops an octave
changes that occur across the lifespan: CHANGE IN PITCH W/ ELDERLY ADULTS WHO ARE MALE & FEMALE
Males
- Fo rises in males in their 60’s and older
- VFs thins
Females
- Fo decreases in their 50s and older
- Larynx lowers
changes that occur across the lifespan: OTHER CHANGES W/ AGING IN VOICE
Aging adults larynx
- Cartilages: ossify (harden)
- Joints: deteriorate
- Muscles: atrophy
- VF’s: glands in mucosa degenerate,
What is Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion (PVFM)?
- Complex disorder in which VF adduction occurs during inspiration; carrying over to expiratory phase
- Resulting in airway obstruction of the airway
What are some of the other terms PVFM is also known as (aka)?
*Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD)
Paroxysomal vocal fold dysfunction
Inducible laryngeal obstruction
Factitious asthma / Pseudoasthma
*Emotional laryngeal wheezing
*Psychogenic stridor
Episodic Paroxysmal Laryngospasm
*Munchausen’s stridor (original name)