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HSTR 391 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

operation bagration june 20 1944

A

soviet offensive against german forces
intention was to attack the germans from the west with the normandy landings and the east with the russian offensive

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2
Q

what was the situation surrounding the battle of kursk

A

soviets had advanced into German occupied territory in Eastern Europe and created a salient
Germans planned to attack the salient from the north and the south
the attack failed

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3
Q

why is the battle of kursk important

A

largest tank battle in history
marked the end of german offensive capabilities on the eastern front and cleared the way for soviet offenses in 1944

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4
Q

COSSAC

A

cheif of staff to the supreme allied commander tasked with a cross channel invasion into German occupied europe
frederick morgan

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5
Q

operation overlord

A

joint cross channel amphibious invasion of normandy launched by american british and canadian troops

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6
Q

why was operation overlord important

A

it marked the beginning of allied recapture of europe

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7
Q

what were the mulberries

A

artificial harbors built by the allies on the beaches of normandy after d day

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8
Q

what was the purpose of the mulberries

A

to offload massive amounts of supplies for the allied invasion of nazi occupied germany

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9
Q

festung europa

A

fortress europe
hitler had reinforced France in preparation of the upcoming allied landing

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10
Q

when was operation overlord

A

june 6 1944

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11
Q

operation dragoon

A

second allied invasion of france in august of 1944 in cooperation with the French expeditionary forces to invade southern france

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12
Q

why was caen a key stratigic point for the allies (2 points)

A

it was a communications and transportation hub
the allies also wanted to use it as a base for aircraft

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13
Q

what occurred at Hamburg

A

Allied firebombing created a firestorm that killed nearly 30,000 civilians

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14
Q

why was Hamburg targeted

A

it was Germany’s second largest city and the producer of Uboats and warships and home to multiple oil refineries

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15
Q

Dresden

A

fire storm that sucked in people from 2 miles away

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16
Q

what was the purpose for attacking dresden and what is the source of the controversy

A

porcelain center
soviet pressure to slow down german supplies heading east
considered to be rather unecessary

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17
Q

what was the practice of window and why did the allies do it

A

the allies dropped tons of tinfoil strips from their bombers to confuse german radar

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18
Q

who was arthur bomber harris and what did he do

A

RAF bomber commander
orchestrated the major bombing campains against germany after d day
strong proponent of carpet bombing

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19
Q

whats the difference between carpet bombing and precision bombing

A

carpet bombing destroys everything and everyone in a city
precision bombing is focused on a stratic point

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20
Q

what occured at the second schweinfurt raid

A

americans launched a bombing raid against german ball bearing factories in Schweinfurt Germany but the accompanying fighters could only fly half the journey with them
German Ju-88s forced american bombers to break formation
the americans experienced high bomber losses to basically no german losses

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21
Q

what was the lesson of the schweinfurt raid

A

allied attacks into germany needed to be accompanied by fighter support

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22
Q

what were the german v-1 2 and 3

A

early cruise missiles
jet propelled bombs

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23
Q

what was the norden bomb site and why is it important

A

it was how bombers aimed their bombs
helped the allied bombers hit their targets

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24
Q

what were vergeltung waffen

A

revenge weapons used after the allied assault on Europe against civilian populations
the V1 V2 and V3 were steadily larged land based rockets launched against british civilian populations

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25
Q

what was the goal of the vergeltung waffen

A

to hurt british morale and inflict revenge for the acts against German civilians

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26
Q

what role did the bocage country of France play in the war

A

allied advances in Normandy were slowed by thick hedge rows and wooded areas
the hedges acted as natural barriers and aided German defense of occupied territory for weeks after D-Day

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27
Q

what was significant about the city of marseilles

A

It was a major French port city in the south of france

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28
Q

what was Cherbourg

A

a major French port city

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29
Q

why was Cherbourg a necessary target

A

the mulbery ports simply could not keep up with ability of a modern established port and the allies needed a constant flow of supplies

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30
Q

why was the capture of Cherbourg difficult

A

the germans had dug into an established fort on high ground

31
Q

when was the liberation of paris

A

august 25 1944

32
Q

what was the wolfs lair plot of july 20

A

a german assassination attempt against adolf hitler

33
Q

who was Klaus von Stauffenburg

A

chief conspirator in the wolfs lair plot of july 20 1944
delivered the bomb to the conference room himself

34
Q

falaise pocket and gap

A

allies encircled a very large portion of the german troops and captured or killed a very large number of germans
it paved the way for the liberation of paris

35
Q

who was general omar bradley

A

general of american troops during operation cobra and at falasie pocket

36
Q

what was operation cobra

A

after the beachhead was established at normandy, operation cobra was the plan to reach out and attack more of france

37
Q

what was the plan of operation market garden

A

to use airborne brigades and infantry backup to seize 8 bridges on the holland german border at the rhine river
after the attack allied forces would be in place to attack the german ruhr and then drive to berlin

38
Q

what occurred at arnhem and what was the associated operation

A

german forces repelled allied attack and operation market garden failed

39
Q

what was field marshal bernard montgomerys single thrust strategy

A

instead of a wide invasion of germany montgomery favored a single thrust strategy in the form of operation market garden

40
Q

explain the battle of the bulge

A

hitlers last great gamble and the last big german offensive of the war
it was a german surprise attack coming from the ardennes forest

41
Q

during the battle of the bulge, what occured at bastogne

A

the 101st airborne held the city throughout the german offensive

42
Q

during the battle of the bulge, what occured at bastogne

A

the 101st airborne held the city throughout the german offensive and protected key supplies such as gasoline

43
Q

what caused the failure of the german battle of the bulge

A

gasoline shortages
allied air supremacy

44
Q

bridge at remagen

A

germany had attempted to blow every bridge but the bridge at remagen was still operational and the allies were able to cross the bridge into germany

45
Q

antwerp was the destination of what operation

A

battle of the bulge

46
Q

fuhrerbunker

A

where hitler committed suicide

47
Q

what were the repective paths of Douglas MacArthur and general nimitz

A

MacAruthur would work in the south pacific in new guinea and the philippines
nimitz would work in the central pacific

48
Q

what was significant about rabul and where was it located

A

it was a major air and naval base with natural barriers to protect itself in new guinea

49
Q

rabul new guinea was considered the what of the pacific

A

gibraltar

50
Q

what was significant about port morseby and where was it located

A

port morseby was located on the southern side of papua new guinea and would have been the launching point for a japanese invasion of Australia but the Austrailians repelled the attack

51
Q

what was the goal of operation cartwheel

A

take islands and establish airstrips around rabul to cut off supplies and launch attacks agaisnt rabul

52
Q

what was significant about the battle of the Philippine sea

A

largest carrier battle in history
eliminated the japanese ability to conduct large scale aieral naval warfare for the rest of ww2

53
Q

what was the great marianas turkey shoot and what battle is it associated with

A

the battle of the philipine sea
US pilots obliterated 100s of aircraft to very low comparative american losses

54
Q

why was the battle of the philippine seas such an overwhelming american victory

A

american pilots had much more experience
the US Hellcat was a far superior fighter to the japanese zero

55
Q

what was significant about the battle of leyte gulf

A

it was the official entrance of the US into the Philippines
largest sea battle in history
first time large scale kamakazi attacks were used

56
Q

battle for manila

A

marked the official US control of the Philippines
site of largest urban warfare of the pacific theatre

57
Q

outside of the mark of control of the philipines, what is important about the battle for manila in the philippines

A

Americans freed pows trapped in manila
japanese murdered civilians
americans treated filipinos that helped the japanese very badly

58
Q

what was the burma road and why was it built

A

it was the supply route from Burma into China
it was built because flying supplies over the Himalayan hump was largely unsatisfactory

59
Q

why were the mariana islands important targets

A

the islands of tinian guam and siapan were large enough to launch b-29 bombers from to attack mainland japan

60
Q

why were US submaries so effective

A

the japanese never employed a convoy system

61
Q

what was the effect of US submarines

A

they cut off 95% of japanese shipping by the end of the war

62
Q

what was significant about Iwo Jima

A

the Japanese would fight to the death and would employ suicidal charges before surrender

63
Q

what was significant about Iwo Jima

A

the Japanese would fight to the death and would employ suicidal charges before surrender
it was also important as a fall back base for bombers returning from mainland japan

64
Q

what was the trigger for the use of the atomic bomb

A

okinawa

65
Q

why was okinawa the trigger for the use of the atomic bomb

A

okinawa was the sight of mass suicide charges
it was clear the US would lose up to 1 million men in an invasion of mainland japan

66
Q

what was decided at the tehran conference

A

stalin calls for the opening of a second front

67
Q

what was decided at the yalta conference

A

the nature of post war europe

68
Q

what was decided at the potsdam conference

A

the us would call for an unconditional surrender of japan

69
Q

what were the four categories of crimes at the nuremberg trials

A

The crimes charged before the Nuremberg courts were crimes against peace, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and conspiracy to commit any of the foregoing crimes.

70
Q

what was the role of deception in the landings at normandy

A

the germans thought that the attacks would occur later and in different locations

71
Q

what was operation body guard

A

the plan for deception around the allied landings at normandy

72
Q

where did the nazis think the allied landings would occur

A

calais france, southern france and norway

73
Q

why were the landings at omaha beach so difficult

A

allied bombardment had largely missed
the 101st airborne had missed
hitler had fortified all of europe into a fortress

74
Q

why were the landings at the other beaches relatively easier compared to omaha beach

A

less troop presence
more effective artillery
less of geographic advantage for german troops

HSTR 391 (1 decks)

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