Final Flashcards
The tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions is
called
confirmation bias
Estimating the likelihood of events in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular
prototypes is referred to as
representative heuristics
Steve was sure he answered at least 70 questions correctly on his biology test. In fact, he was right on only 55 items. Steve’s misjudgment of his test
performance illustrates
overconfidence
The way in which a problem or issue is phrased or worded is known as
framing effect
If you first see a T-shirt that costs $1,200 – then see a second one that costs $100 – you’re prone to see the second shirt as cheap.
What type of bias is it?
Anchoring Bias
After two minutes of exposure to an unbroken monotone string of nonsense syllables, 8-month-olds could recognize three-syllable sequences that appeared repeatedly. This best illustrates the importance of ________ in language
development.
critical period
Which branch of psychology is most directly concerned with the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another?
social psychology
The tendency in individualist cultures to attribute the behavior of others to internal, personal characteristics, while ignoring or underestimating the effects of external, situational factors is called
fundamental attribution error
At first Jimmy did not like his teacher, but after sitting in this teacher’s class for a number of weeks Jimmy has started to like his teacher. this new perspective would be an
example of:
Mere-exposure effect
In the Stanford Prison experiment, male college students volunteered to act either as guards or as prisoners. In only six days, the guards became cruel and degrading and the prisoners became passive, broke down, or rebelled. The psychologist who devised the study was
Philip Zimbardo
The Milgram obedience experiments were controversial because ___
Teachers were deceived and frequently subjected to stress
_____ after learning the outcome of an event, we believe that we knew it before hand
What is hindsight bias
This is the failure to notice changes in the environments.
change blindness
____ happens after daylight savings?
Number of accidents increase
___ is the % of brain we use
100%
Incorporating new information into existing theories is to ________ as modifying existing theories in light of new information is to
________.
assimilation and accommodation
The women’s basketball team at the University of Tennessee improved in free- throw shooting after practicing
mental imagery
State lottery officials send residents a facsimile of a contest-winning check for over $5 million to encourage them to imagine themselves as possible winners. The lottery promoters are most clearly
exploiting the influence of
availability heuristic
How we think, store, process, and retrieve information is best studied through _____ psychology
cognitive psychology
A mother frequently picks up her crying infant boy because the baby typically stops crying as soon as he is held. In this case, the mother is ________ when her son stops
crying
Negative reinforcement
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Characterized by persistent and respective thoughts
Post traumatic stress disorder
Characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness or feeling, and /or insomnia lingering for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience
Post traumatic stress disorder
Characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness or feeling, and /or insomnia lingering for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience
Natural selection
biological preparedness to fear threats; easily conditioned and difficult to extinguish
