Final

Question 1

The tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions is
called

Answer 1

confirmation bias

Question 2

Estimating the likelihood of events in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular
prototypes is referred to as

Answer 2

representative heuristics

Question 3

Steve was sure he answered at least 70 questions correctly on his biology test. In fact, he was right on only 55 items. Steve’s misjudgment of his test
performance illustrates

Answer 3

overconfidence

Question 4

The way in which a problem or issue is phrased or worded is known as

Answer 4

framing effect

Question 5

If you first see a T-shirt that costs $1,200 – then see a second one that costs $100 – you’re prone to see the second shirt as cheap.
What type of bias is it?

Answer 5

Anchoring Bias

Question 6

After two minutes of exposure to an unbroken monotone string of nonsense syllables, 8-month-olds could recognize three-syllable sequences that appeared repeatedly. This best illustrates the importance of ________ in language
development.

Answer 6

critical period

Question 7

Which branch of psychology is most directly concerned with the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another?

Answer 7

social psychology

Question 8

The tendency in individualist cultures to attribute the behavior of others to internal, personal characteristics, while ignoring or underestimating the effects of external, situational factors is called

Answer 8

fundamental attribution error

Question 9

At first Jimmy did not like his teacher, but after sitting in this teacher’s class for a number of weeks Jimmy has started to like his teacher. this new perspective would be an
example of:

Answer 9

Mere-exposure effect

Question 10

In the Stanford Prison experiment, male college students volunteered to act either as guards or as prisoners. In only six days, the guards became cruel and degrading and the prisoners became passive, broke down, or rebelled. The psychologist who devised the study was

Answer 10

Philip Zimbardo

Question 11

The Milgram obedience experiments were controversial because ___

Answer 11

Teachers were deceived and frequently subjected to stress

Question 12

_____ after learning the outcome of an event, we believe that we knew it before hand

Answer 12

What is hindsight bias

Question 13

This is the failure to notice changes in the environments.

Answer 13

change blindness

Question 14

____ happens after daylight savings?

Answer 14

Number of accidents increase

Question 15

___ is the % of brain we use

Answer 15

100%

Question 16

Incorporating new information into existing theories is to ________ as modifying existing theories in light of new information is to
________.

Answer 16

assimilation and accommodation

Question 17

The women’s basketball team at the University of Tennessee improved in free- throw shooting after practicing

Answer 17

mental imagery

Question 18

State lottery officials send residents a facsimile of a contest-winning check for over $5 million to encourage them to imagine themselves as possible winners. The lottery promoters are most clearly
exploiting the influence of

Answer 18

availability heuristic

Question 19

How we think, store, process, and retrieve information is best studied through _____ psychology

Answer 19

cognitive psychology

Question 20

A mother frequently picks up her crying infant boy because the baby typically stops crying as soon as he is held. In this case, the mother is ________ when her son stops
crying

Answer 20

Negative reinforcement

Question 21

Obsessive compulsive disorder

Answer 21

Characterized by persistent and respective thoughts

Question 22

Post traumatic stress disorder

Answer 22

Characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness or feeling, and /or insomnia lingering for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience

Question 23

Post traumatic stress disorder

Answer 23

Characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness or feeling, and /or insomnia lingering for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience

Question 24

Natural selection

Answer 24

biological preparedness to fear threats; easily conditioned and difficult to extinguish

Question 25

Natural selection

Answer 25

biological preparedness to fear threats; easily conditioned and difficult to extinguish

Question 26

Major depressive disorder

Answer 26

Persons experience in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks with five or more symptoms at least one of which must be either 1. Depressed mood or 2. Loss of interest or pleasure

Question 27

Persistent depressive disorder (Dysthymia)

Answer 27

Continuous long term(chronic) form of depression

Question 28

Bipolar disorder

Answer 28

Disorder that a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania; formerly called manic-depressive disorder

Question 29

Mania

Answer 29

A hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgement is common

Question 30

Manic phase

Answer 30

constantly active, uninhibited, racing thoughts, extremely distractable. Out of character behavior