Final Flashcards
When viewing 2500 slides of faces and places for 10 seconds, participants were able to recognize ________ percent of the slides.
90
A lack of conscious memories of your first 4 years of life best illustrates
Infantile amnesia
A mnemonic is a
memory aid
After learning the combination for his new locker at school, Harrison is unable to remember the combination for his year-old bicycle lock. Harrison is experiencing the effects of
retroactive inferrence
An iconic memory is a ________ memory.
sensory
False news stories posted on social media can spread and become false memories, demonstrating how false memories can
become socially contagious
Long-term memory refers to
the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system.
Muhammad remembers everything that has ever happened in his life since he was 5 years old. Unfortunately, having every memory cueing another memory makes life difficult for Muhammad. His experience is called
highly superior autobiographical memory.
Previously learned information often makes it easier for us to learn new information. This effect is called
positive transfer
Research on the storage of memory indicates that
our brain distributes the components of a memory across a network of locations.
Smells, tastes, and sights that can evoke a stored memory are called
retrieval cues
The finding that people who sleep after learning a list of nonsense syllables forget less than people who stay awake provides evidence that forgetting may involve
interference
To find out how long our short-term memories last, ________ asked people to remember three-consonant groups. The people were not allowed to rehearse the consonants before testing.
Peterson and Peterson
Which type of memory has an essentially limitless capacity?
long-term memory
Because it happens without our awareness, implicit memory is also called
nondeclarative memory
By consciously rehearsing in many separate study sessions over the semester the facts you need to learn, you are most clearly taking advantage of
disturbed practice
Conscious rehearsal of what your mother has told you about your family’s ancestry requires
working memory
During her psychology test, Danielle could not remember the meaning of the termiconic memory. Surprisingly, however, she accurately remembered that the term appeared in the middle of a right-hand page in her textbook. Her memory of this incidental information is best explained in terms of
automatic processing
During sleep, the brain reorganizes and consolidates information for ________ memory.
long term
Explicit memory is also known as
declarative memory
A large intelligence test score gap between those who are wealthy and those who are poor can be found in countries with
a large wealth gap between the rich and the poor.
A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people is a(n)
concept
John just spent six months studying abroad in Japan. Based on his experiences, he is more likely to be
creative
Kayla is taking an in-class exam on the material that has been covered thus far in her trigonometry course. When she has to solve an application question, Kayla is most likely to rely on
algorithms
Language refers to the
spoken, written, or signed words and the ways they are combined to communicate meaning.
Maria is natively fluent in two languages. Interestingly, her brain processes
both languages in similar areas of the brain
Mentally breaking the sentences they hear into individual words best illustrates an 8-month-old’s developing capacity for
receptive language
Many people who are bilingual experience a different sense of self depending on which language they are using. This most clearly illustrates the implications of
Gentner’s linguistic relativism theory
Noam Chomsky emphasized that children’s ability to pick up language so readily resulted from
their built-in predisposition to learn grammar rules.
Overconfidenceis defined as the tendency to
underestimate the extent to which our beliefs and judgments are wrong.
Psychologists who study cognition focus on mental activities associated with all of the following EXCEPT
emotions
Research on the language capabilities of apes clearly demonstrates that they have the capacity to
communicate through the use of symbols.
Semantics refers to the
rules by which we derive meaning from sounds.
Simple thinking strategies that allow us to solve problems and make judgments efficiently are called
heuristics
The ability to delay immediate pleasures in pursuit of long-range rewards is most clearly a characteristic of
emotional intelligence
The normal curve would represent the distribution of
American women in terms of their physical heights
The smallest distinctive sound unit of language is a
phoneme
As discussed in class, if your goal is to be at the top of your class rank, which of the following strategies is the most effective?
Have low performing or intellectually limited class mates
As discussed in class, what is the critical habit that leads to success?
Rest, Recover, Rejuvenate
As discussed in class, which of the following is NOT a creative activity?
none of the above
A central human motivation is people’s need to
form close enduring relationships with fellow humans.
According to self-determination theory, our self-esteem is boosted when our needs for relatedness and autonomy are satisfied in balance with our psychological need for
competence
After moving to a new neighborhood, 8-year-old Nora tells her mother that she feels lonely and unhappy because she has not yet made any friends. Nora is not having her need for ________ met.
affiliation
Amy often visibly displays her emotions. She does not try to hide them. Which culture is she most likely from?
Australia
As soon as sea turtles are hatched on a beach, they head directly for the ocean. This behavior is an example of
an instinct
At your annual performance review, your boss tells you that you will not be getting a raise this year. Whether you feel angry or depressed depends on whether you attribute the decision to your boss’ unfairness or to your own poor performance. This best illustrates that some emotions are influenced by
cognitive appraisals
Philip will play the guitar in a school concert tomorrow. According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, his guitar playing is likely to be ________ if his physiological arousal during the performance is ________.
best, moderate
Research on the physiological basis of hunger has indicated that
hunger continues in humans whose stomachs have been removed.
Stephanie is at a cocktail party when a colleague makes a bad joke. Everyone begins to laugh, and Stephanie tries to push out a fake laugh at the joke. What may happen?
Her colleague will be able to tell that her laugh is fake.
Students who engage in excessive online socializing and gaming should remember that these activities correlate with
lower grades
The arousal theory of motivation would be most useful for understanding the aversive effects of
boredom
Which of the following is most clearly a form of ostracism?
solitary confinement
With an increased use of smart phones among college students, all of the following EXCEPT ________ have also increased among college students.
studying
In studies of both secondary school and university students, ________ has been a better predictor of school performance than intelligence test scores have been.
self-discipline
Jeffrey is on the high school football team and has been rewarded for outstanding performance with a gold star on his helmet. This practice best illustrates the use of
incentives
