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Encountering Religious Diversity > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Which religious practice has no founder, multiple scriptures, no central institution, entails a reality of multiple gods/goddesses, and has a caste system?

A

Hinduism

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2
Q

In Hindu tradition, what is considered a law, moral code or teaching, a duty, or an order of things in the universe?

A

Dharma

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3
Q

Which are the highest, most sacred knowledge in Hindu tradition, classified as shruti (heard) literature, in which only the orally transmitted texts are regarded as authoritative

A

The Vedas

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4
Q

What is the idea of the universe as a projection of a primordially sacrificed body of a cosmic being?

A

Purusha

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5
Q

What are the last section of the Vedas, and are the most cherished texts of Hindu tradition that turn attention from rituals of sacrifice to the inner search for the ultimate?

A

The Upanishads

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6
Q

What is the ultimate reality

A

Brahman

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7
Q

What is an individual soul?

A

Atman

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8
Q

What is the cycle of birth, death and rebirth?

A

Samsara

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9
Q

What is considered a deed or action?

A

Karma

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10
Q

What is liberation from the cycle of birth, death and rebirth in the eyes of Hindu tradition?

A

Moksha

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11
Q

What is the hierarchy found in Hindu tradition (caste) that divides people by who can and cannot study the Vedas

A

Varnas

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12
Q

What are the Four Noble Truths?

A

Suffering, the cause of suffering (craving), end of suffering is the end of craving, there is a path away from suffering and craving

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13
Q

What are the four Varnas?

A

Brahmin (priests), Kshatriya (nobles/warriors), Vaishya (merchants), Shudra (servants)

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14
Q

Who are the untouchables in Hindu tradition?

A

Dalits

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15
Q

Who is the supreme being within Vaishnavism that’s seen as the preserver, and is manifested through 9 avatars associated with a lotus, chakra, or shell?

A

Vishnu

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16
Q

Who is the supreme being within Shaivite tradition that’s seen as the destroyer (creating, protecting and transforming the universe), often associated with a serpent on his neck, river flowing from his hair, a 3rd eye, trident, or a rock?

A

Shiva

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17
Q

Who is the consort to Vishnu or Shiva (or represented independently), with all goddesses being represented under her and is seen as the supreme being under Shaktism?

A

Devi

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18
Q

The Hindu concept of time is?

A

Cyclical

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19
Q

What is the current aeon, which is believed that the world will be destroyed to be recreated as time begins again, called?

A

Kali Yuga

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20
Q

Which religious tradition was associated with identity and socialization?

A

Judaism

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21
Q

Which religious tradition was associated with signs and symbols?

A

Christianity

22
Q

Which religious tradition was associated with rituals and actions?

A

Islam

23
Q

Which religious tradition was associated with materiality and ecology?

A

Hinduism

24
Q

Which religious tradition was associated with modernization?

A

Buddhism

25
Q

Which religious practice doesn’t have a belief in a creator god or define itself by a central creed, but rather sees activities as legitimate, useful and essential parts of practice that lead to the cessation of suffering?

A

Buddhism

26
Q

What is an honorific title meaning ‘an awakened one’?

A

Buddha

27
Q

What were the 4 sights?

A

An old man, a sick man, a dead man, and a holy man (ascetic)

28
Q

Where did the Buddha attain his spiritual awakening?

A

A Bodhi tree

29
Q

What was the Buddha’s first sermon containing the essential teachings of Buddhism, known as the 4 noble truths?

A

Setting in Motion the Wheel of the Dharma

30
Q

In Buddhist tradition, what is considered cosmic law and order, expressed in the teachings of the Buddha?

A

Dharma

31
Q

What is impermanence and one of the Buddha’s 3 marks of existence?

A

Anicca

32
Q

What is unsatisfactoriness and one of the Buddha’s 3 marks of existence?

A

Dukkha

33
Q

What is the concept of non-self (which alludes to the Buddhist ideal that humans don’t have an ever-presiding soul) and one of the Buddha’s 3 marks of existence?

A

Anatta

34
Q

What are the 3 Jewels of Buddhism?

A

Buddha, dharma, sangha

35
Q

What is the conservative interpretation of Buddhist doctrine and monasticism?

A

Theravada Buddhism

36
Q

What is the interpretation of Buddhism that teaches that all beings inherently possess the seed of awakening and the universal way to salvation?

A

Mahayana Buddhism

37
Q

Who is a person who has attained enlightenment but has postponed nirvana in order to help others achieve enlightenment?

A

Bodhisattva

38
Q

What is the shift from external authority structures to an internal sense of authority and personhood?

A

Detraditionalization

39
Q

What is the reconstruction of ancient worldviews that become viable within the context of modern worldviews?

A

Demythologization

40
Q

What is the interpretation of Buddhism as psychology and the development of modern modes of Buddhist influenced psychotherapy?

A

Psychologization

41
Q

What were the dharma presentations that arose from the monastic community in Burma as a response to colonial invasion, in the attempt to preserve Buddhist teaching?

A

Fan-down talks

42
Q

What is the practicing community of Buddhism?

A

Sangha

43
Q

What is an example of Hindu-inspired environmentalism in India?

A

Scriptures encourage the planting of trees, festival of trees, a tree is equal to 10 sons

44
Q

What helped the distribution of Buddhist texts to the laypeople of Burma among the British colonial invasion?

A

The Printing Press

45
Q

What is a critique of Westernized Mindfulness practices?

A

The commodification of mindfulness and meditative practices in the corporate setting

46
Q

What are two examples of the cyclical time frames of Hinduism and Buddhism?

A

Samsara and Purusha

47
Q

What word relating to Hindu practice means sight, vision or appearance?

A

Darshan

48
Q

What word relating to Hindu practice means worship?

A

Puja

49
Q

What is the relationship between Puja and Darshan?

A

A worshipper and a deity connect through vision and sight, which is often why images of deities are created with larger eyes

50
Q

What is liberation from the cycle of birth, death and rebirth in the eyes of Buddhist tradition?

A

Nirvana

Encountering Religious Diversity (1 decks)

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