Final Flashcards
Which religious practice has no founder, multiple scriptures, no central institution, entails a reality of multiple gods/goddesses, and has a caste system?
Hinduism
In Hindu tradition, what is considered a law, moral code or teaching, a duty, or an order of things in the universe?
Dharma
Which are the highest, most sacred knowledge in Hindu tradition, classified as shruti (heard) literature, in which only the orally transmitted texts are regarded as authoritative
The Vedas
What is the idea of the universe as a projection of a primordially sacrificed body of a cosmic being?
Purusha
What are the last section of the Vedas, and are the most cherished texts of Hindu tradition that turn attention from rituals of sacrifice to the inner search for the ultimate?
The Upanishads
What is the ultimate reality
Brahman
What is an individual soul?
Atman
What is the cycle of birth, death and rebirth?
Samsara
What is considered a deed or action?
Karma
What is liberation from the cycle of birth, death and rebirth in the eyes of Hindu tradition?
Moksha
What is the hierarchy found in Hindu tradition (caste) that divides people by who can and cannot study the Vedas
Varnas
What are the Four Noble Truths?
Suffering, the cause of suffering (craving), end of suffering is the end of craving, there is a path away from suffering and craving
What are the four Varnas?
Brahmin (priests), Kshatriya (nobles/warriors), Vaishya (merchants), Shudra (servants)
Who are the untouchables in Hindu tradition?
Dalits
Who is the supreme being within Vaishnavism that’s seen as the preserver, and is manifested through 9 avatars associated with a lotus, chakra, or shell?
Vishnu
Who is the supreme being within Shaivite tradition that’s seen as the destroyer (creating, protecting and transforming the universe), often associated with a serpent on his neck, river flowing from his hair, a 3rd eye, trident, or a rock?
Shiva
Who is the consort to Vishnu or Shiva (or represented independently), with all goddesses being represented under her and is seen as the supreme being under Shaktism?
Devi
The Hindu concept of time is?
Cyclical
What is the current aeon, which is believed that the world will be destroyed to be recreated as time begins again, called?
Kali Yuga
Which religious tradition was associated with identity and socialization?
Judaism
Which religious tradition was associated with signs and symbols?
Christianity
Which religious tradition was associated with rituals and actions?
Islam
Which religious tradition was associated with materiality and ecology?
Hinduism
Which religious tradition was associated with modernization?
Buddhism
Which religious practice doesn’t have a belief in a creator god or define itself by a central creed, but rather sees activities as legitimate, useful and essential parts of practice that lead to the cessation of suffering?
Buddhism
What is an honorific title meaning ‘an awakened one’?
Buddha
What were the 4 sights?
An old man, a sick man, a dead man, and a holy man (ascetic)
Where did the Buddha attain his spiritual awakening?
A Bodhi tree
What was the Buddha’s first sermon containing the essential teachings of Buddhism, known as the 4 noble truths?
Setting in Motion the Wheel of the Dharma
In Buddhist tradition, what is considered cosmic law and order, expressed in the teachings of the Buddha?
Dharma
What is impermanence and one of the Buddha’s 3 marks of existence?
Anicca
What is unsatisfactoriness and one of the Buddha’s 3 marks of existence?
Dukkha
What is the concept of non-self (which alludes to the Buddhist ideal that humans don’t have an ever-presiding soul) and one of the Buddha’s 3 marks of existence?
Anatta
What are the 3 Jewels of Buddhism?
Buddha, dharma, sangha
What is the conservative interpretation of Buddhist doctrine and monasticism?
Theravada Buddhism
What is the interpretation of Buddhism that teaches that all beings inherently possess the seed of awakening and the universal way to salvation?
Mahayana Buddhism
Who is a person who has attained enlightenment but has postponed nirvana in order to help others achieve enlightenment?
Bodhisattva
What is the shift from external authority structures to an internal sense of authority and personhood?
Detraditionalization
What is the reconstruction of ancient worldviews that become viable within the context of modern worldviews?
Demythologization
What is the interpretation of Buddhism as psychology and the development of modern modes of Buddhist influenced psychotherapy?
Psychologization
What were the dharma presentations that arose from the monastic community in Burma as a response to colonial invasion, in the attempt to preserve Buddhist teaching?
Fan-down talks
What is the practicing community of Buddhism?
Sangha
What is an example of Hindu-inspired environmentalism in India?
Scriptures encourage the planting of trees, festival of trees, a tree is equal to 10 sons
What helped the distribution of Buddhist texts to the laypeople of Burma among the British colonial invasion?
The Printing Press
What is a critique of Westernized Mindfulness practices?
The commodification of mindfulness and meditative practices in the corporate setting
What are two examples of the cyclical time frames of Hinduism and Buddhism?
Samsara and Purusha
What word relating to Hindu practice means sight, vision or appearance?
Darshan
What word relating to Hindu practice means worship?
Puja
What is the relationship between Puja and Darshan?
A worshipper and a deity connect through vision and sight, which is often why images of deities are created with larger eyes
What is liberation from the cycle of birth, death and rebirth in the eyes of Buddhist tradition?
Nirvana
