FINAL Flashcards
OT Profession
- helping people achieve independence, meaning, & satisfaction in ALL aspects of life
Occupation
Groups of activities/tasks of everyday life
ex. self care/productivity/leisure
Hand Hygiene points of contact
- before initial pt. contact
- before aseptic procedure
- after body fluid exposure
- after pt. contact
Putting ON PPE
- santize
- gown
- mask
- gloves
Taking OFF PPE
- gloves
- gown (roll)
- Sanitize
- Mask
- Sanitize
Contact Isolation
Gown & gloves
Droplet Isolation
-eye protection
-mask
-gown
-gloves
Airborne Isolation
-Negative pressure room
-eye protection
-gown
-gloves
-N95 mask
Roles/Responsibilities of OTA
-Implement treatment plan
-admin roll (collect data/paper work)
-Prep materials/data collection during assessment
-Pt. Education
Functional Assessment
-determines current level of functioning
-strengths/weaknesses
-how pt. manages day to day
-identify challenges/gaps needing to be addressed
OT Scope of Practice
- screening
- evaluation
- treatment plan
- re-evaluation
- discharge plan
Activity Analysis
activity skills decomposed for the purpose of analysis
How activity analysis is used in OT
-requirements of task is established (steps)
-Physical, cognitive, and psychological demands
Why we need activity analysis
-discover aspects of activity that make it difficult to complete
-understand the effect an activity has on a client
-adapt the activity to allow for change
Grading
-increasing/decreasing difficulty of activity based on how the client responds
Pacing
-breaking up steps and pacing through, rest in between
-client can acquire skill gradually, step by step
-one skill at a time
Adapting
-restructuring the activities to meet the needs of the client
Cognition
-knowing/awareness
-perceiving, remembering, reasoning, judging, problem-solving
Delerium
-sudden/severe change in cognition
-confusion, disorientation, cant think clearly
-temporary; associated with medical illness
Dementia
-decline in mental ability
-severe enough to interfere with daily life
Mild Cognitive Impairment
-cognitive changes serious enough to be noticed but does NOT interfere with daily life
Strategies when working with individuals who have a cognitive impairment
-Conitive training
-Tabletop activities
-Adapt approach to tailor to individual needs
-Remedial Approach
-Adaptive approach
-grade activities
-give cues
Cueing order
-Verbal
-Verbal non directive
-Verbal directive
-demonstration
Adaptive Aids for feeding
-universal cuff
-built up utentsils
-angled/weighted utensils
-rocker knife
Adaptive aids for dressing/hygiene
-sock aid
-long shoe horn
-reacher
-dressing stick
In hand manipulation skills
-Finger to palm translation
-palm to finger translation
-trapping
-shift
-rotation (simple & complex)
Principles of motor skill development
- Reach (transport phase)
- Grasp
- Voluntary release
- in hand manipulation
- bilateral hand use
Basic positions of hand
….
Direction of development/skills
-Stabilize shoulder/elbow BEFORE smaller movements
-develop top-down; middle-out
-stability before mobility
Walking aid types
-4ww
-2ww
-standard walker
4ww Requirements
-both hands
-stability
-grip strength
-foldable
-cognitive
-environment
2ww requirments
-both hands
-cognitive
-more supportive
-foldable
-not good outside
Standard walker requirements
-lifting
-both hands
-cognitive
-more supportive
-foldable
-not good outside
Fall prevention strategies
-clear paths
-eliminate clutter
-proper lighting
-stair safety
-grab bars
FIM Levels
- Total <25%
- Max 25-49%
- Mod 50-74%
- Min 75+%
- supervision
- modified independence (device/more time)
- total independence (timely/safely)
THR Posterior Precautions
-No bending over
-No crossing legs
-keep feet straight
THR Anterior Precautions
-no bridging
-keep feet straight
Hip Fracture precautions
-no movement precautions
-PWB
TKR precautions
-No movement precautions
-WBAT
Shoulder Replacement Precautions
-no weight bearing
-no pushing/pulling/lifting
-arm in sling always
-no AROM in shoulder
Assisted Devices for THR/TKR/LE Fractures
-Long handle Reacher, sock aid, shoe horn
-Long handle sponge
-Elastic shoelaces
-Raised toilet seat/over toilet commode with arms
-Shower chair, tub transfer bench, clamp on bar
-Foam cushion/furniture risers
-Bed helper
-Leg lifter
Assisted Devices for TSA/UE Fractures
-Dressing stick, button hook
-Sling
-Elastic shoelaces
-1 hand techniques
-Cane
-Clamp on bar
-Long handle grooming tools
Osteoarthritis
-wear and tear
-breakdown of cartilage
-weight bearing joints
-unilateral
-Jobs: capenter/physios/healthcare/office workers
Rheumatoid Arthritis
-Autoimmune disorder
-inflammation/pain
-bilateral/symmetrical- both sides
Gout
-inflammatory arthritis
-excess uric acid
-extreme pain
Trigger Finger
-Affects tendons that flex fingers
-locking sensation when you bend/straighten fingers
Swan neck
-PIP Hyperextension & DIP flexion
-degenerative
-weakness/tearing of ligament
-seen with RA
Boutonniere
-PIP flexion & DIP hyperextension
-Injury to tendons
4 Ps of energy conservation
- Prioritize
- Plan
- Pace
- Positioning
Joint protection Strategies
- Respect pain
- Maintain good strength/ROM
- Avoid positions that push joints toward deformity
- Use of strongest/largest joint
- Avoid staying in one position
- Energy conservation: minimal effort
- Assistive devices/splinting
Client Measurments for wheelchair
-Seat width: +2
-Seat Depth: -2
-Floor to seat: + 2 (foot rests)
-Back rest: to scapula (less support); to shoulders/head (more support)
-Armrest: +1
Type 1 wheelchair
-standard
-basic/occasional use
-self-propelling
Type 2 Wheelchair
-lighter weight
-daily use
-adjustable parts
-self-propelling
Type 3 wheelchair
-even lighter weight
-very active use (main mobility)
-UE Propelling
-Anti-tippers, quick release axles, adjustable center of gravity
Type 4 Wheelchair
-performance
-ultra light
-everyday/active
-non folding/fixed footrests
-UE Propelling
Type 5 wheelchair
-Tilt in space
-heavy
-no self propelling
Type of Cushion
-Foam
-Gel
-Air
-Hybrid
Pro/Con of Foam cusion
Pro: Supportive
Con: not much pressure relief
Pro/con of Gel Cushion
Pro: Prevent skin breakdown
Con: Not stable
Pro/con of Air Cushion
Pro: Heal/prevent pressure injury
Con: self-management to inflate (requires cognition)
Pro/Con of hybrid Cushion
Pro: equal support/pressure relief
Con: costly
Impact of improper positioning
-deformities
-pressure injuries
-uncomfortable
-improper body alighnment
-decrease function/independence
Impact of foot rest too high/low
High: too much pressure, discomfort, skin breakdown
Low: blood circulation reduces, digging in back of thighs, slide out of chair
Impact of head rest too high/low
High: strain on neck
low: no support/head extension
How to improve posure
- hips/knees/elbow at 90 degrees
-straight spine/normal curves
-feet supported
-equal height
-tray for more stability
OTA responsibility with splinting
-Assist OT
-Positioning, fabrication, pt. education (wear times/warning signs)
-Preperation/ordering inventory
OT responsibility with splinting
- assessment, splint design, fabrication, discharge
Types of Splints
- Immobilization Splint
- Static Splint
- Resting Pan
Immobilization splint
- wrist in neutral
- full finger mobility
- decrease pain/inflammation
- prevent deformity
- minimize pressure
Static Splint
- no moveable parts
-immobilize
-function with ADLs
Resting Pan
-immobilize fingers/wrist
-characterized by C Bar
- 20-30 degrees of wrist extension
- slight flexion of PIP/DIP joints
Splinting Principles
-contour
-decrease pressure
-hand creases
Warning signs for client
- skin discoloration
- pain
- pressure
- sharpness
- tightness
