FInal Flashcards
What is Sternberg’s triangle, how does it conceptualize and measure love, and what is meant by a love type?
A theory that conceptualizes how to find and measure love in three categories, intimacy,passion, and commitment. Measuring the three components combined from weak to strong it can be categorized into different love types.
How do social learning theories help to explain how we learn gender and follow gender role requirements?
Bandura
Emphasizes consequences as shaping gender related behavior (observing, analyzing, and modeling behavior)
Kohlberg
Focuses on children’s active interpretation of social messages at various developmental stages
Argues that after age 6 or 7, knowledge of social categories is so strong that we start to perform them even without prompting via punishment/reward
How is being intersex different than being transgender?
Intersex have a sex that is atypical. Transgender have a gender identity being atypical.
According to psych research, what processes are related to positive mental health outcomes for trans people?
General psych processes related to positive mental health for trans people that we know about thanks to decades of replicated psych research
Identity awareness (trans closet!)
Identity performance, freedom to dress and act in the new gender
Identity congruence, others using the pronouns of the new gender
Identity support, family and friends. This specifically has shown a relationship to symptoms of depression in research with trans folks
Why would a person who is heterosexual and cisgender still need education and information about intersex and transgender people?
Since intersex and transgender people have their sex and gender identity being atypical, heterosexual and cisgender individuals who fit into the given standards of society my need education and information about them
What does Erikson say are prerequisites to being successful at love and intimacy?
Erikson says the prerequisites to being successful at love and intimacy is positive self concept, self-acceptance, confidence, self-sufficiency and accepting your strengths and weaknesses.
What is oxytocin and what is its role in love and intimacy?
Oxytocin is released when we form social bonds with others, and when we feel a sense of intimacy around others
Animal research has found that oxytocin, a neuropeptide hormone this is critically implicated in mammalian affectional bonding, also facilitates mamammalian sexual interest and behavior. Thus, overlap in some of the biobehavioral mechanisms underlying sexual desire and affectional bonding might contribute to the perceived links between these experiences.
What are peacebuilding and peacemaking?
Peacebuilding=the development of constructive personal, group, and political relationships across ethnic, religious, class, national, and racial boundaries.
Peacemaking = involve the process of seeking resolution to a conflict while the conflict is ongoing, but it may also involve some kind of arbitration of issues after armed conflict has ceased
What are some peacemaking strategies?
Equal-status contact: contact on an equal basis.
Contact: Predicts decreased prejudice. Those who form friendships with outgroup members develop more positive attitudes toward the group.
Cooperation: Common external threats build cohesiveness. Superordinate goals foster cooperation. Cooperative learning improves things like racial attitudes. Group and superordinate identities.
Communication: Bargaining. Seeking an agreement to a conflict through direct negotiation between parties. Tough bargaining may lower the other party’s expectations, but can sometimes backfire.
Mediation – attempt by a neutral third party to resolve a conflict by facilitating communication and offering suggestions.
Arbitration – resolution of a conflict by a neutral third party who studies both sides and imposes a settlement
What are differences between a bully, bully-victim, and victim in terms of how they are defined but also impacts on their mental and physical health?
Bully: singling out others for mistreatment
Bully victim: experiencing both ends of the equation
Victim: on the receiving end of the mistreatment
The impact on mental and physical health: More likely to develop psychiatric illnesses, be diagnosed with a serious illness, smoke cigarettes, become alcoholic, abuse substances and difficulty maintaining long term relationships. There is a need to focus on bullies health too, being a bully-victim predicts an even higher likelihood of those same negative outcomes
Who were Mamie and Kenneth Clark and how did they contribute to social psychology?
The Clarks are best known for their work on the “doll test,” which involved showing African American children a set of dolls that were identical except for their skin color and asking the children to choose which doll they preferred. The Clarks found that many of the children preferred the white doll and associated it with positive traits, while the black doll was often associated with negative traits. This research helped to demonstrate the damaging effects of segregation and discrimination on the self-esteem and development of African American children.
The Clarks’ work on the doll test was influential in the landmark 1954 Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education, in which the Court declared segregation in public schools to be unconstitutional.
Leeker, O., & Carlozzi, A. (2014). Effects of sex, sexual orientation, infidelity expectations, and love on distress related to emotional and sexual infidelity. Journal of marital and family therapy, 40(1), 68-91.
In general most people reacted to sexual infidelity with anger. There were similarities and differences found between men and women along with heterosexual and homosexual people. Women’s and heterosexuals’
scores were significantly higher than men’s and lesbian/gay individuals’ scores in dissatisfaction with infidelity, respectively. However they had agreed that, jealousy was mainly evoked from emotional infidelity.
what are some strategies to resolve social dilemmas?
Resolving social dilemmas
Regulation – safeguard the common good
Make the group small
Communication
Change the payoffs
Appeal to altruistic norms
Reading. - Xi, J., Lee, M. T., Carter, J. R., & Delgado, D. (2022). Gender differences in purpose in life: The mediation effect of altruism. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 62(3), 352-376.
The reading covers how people socialize and who should help or caretake, all while uncovering the negative impact this ensues particularly towards men.
Women were more likely to have altruistic behaviors and attitudes, which in
turn facilitated a stronger purpose in life. Our study suggests that men could
plausibly attain a similar level of purpose in life if social norms encouraged
men to nurture the growth of others through altruistic acts to the same extent as women.
What does it take to successfully use science to influence legal cases?
Credibility: The science being presented must be credible and reliable. This means that it should be based on well-established scientific principles and methods, and should have been subjected to peer review and publication in reputable scientific journals.
Clarity: The science being presented must be clearly and accurately communicated to the court. This includes presenting the science in a way that is understandable to those who may not have a background in the field, and avoiding jargon or technical language that may be confusing.
Expertise: The person presenting the science should be an expert in the field, with a strong understanding of the relevant scientific principles and evidence. This will help to ensure that the science being presented is accurate and reliable.
Persuasiveness: The science being presented should be presented in a way that is persuasive and convincing to the court. This may involve using clear and logical arguments, presenting supporting evidence, and addressing any potential counterarguments.
