Final Flashcards
specific heat
The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree celsius.
Kelvin
A unit of temperature with a freezing point of 273 and a boiling point at 373 and has the same size degrees as celsius.
Temperature
A measure of the average amount of kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules in an object. Measured in Kelvins, Fahrenheit, and celsius.
Temperature
A measure of the average amount of kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules in an object. Measured in Kelvins, Fahrenheit, and celsius.
Hypothesis
A tentative explanation for something or a possible answer to a scientific question.
ionic bond
A chemical compound that forms when 1 metal and a nonmetal bond by transferring electrons.
Energy
A measure of a systems ability to change or create change in other systems. Measured in Joules.
gram
SI unit for mass
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Chemical
Property that can only be observed when one substance changes into a different substance–Such as irons tendency to rust.
absolute zero
The temperature at which no more energy can be removed from matter and the molecular motion is zero or as close to zero as allowed by quantum theory.
Fahrenheit
The temperature scale on which water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees with 180 degrees between them.
pure substance
A kind of matter that cannot be separated into another substance by physical means such as a single element or compounds.
dilute
contains a small amount of solute in comparison to solvent.
extensive property
a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample
heat of vaporization
The amount of energy required for the liquid at its boiling point to become a gas. This takes place at a constant temperature and pressure.
Accuracy
A description of how close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity measured.
Law of Conservation of Mass
Law that states that energy,matter, or mass can never be created or destroyed. It can only be converted from one form to another.
Compound
A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds
moles
The amount of any substance that contains 6.02 x 10^23 particles of that substance or the average atomic mass in grams is = to one of these for any element.
Volume
The amount of space having length width and height.
covalent bond
A chemical compound or type of chemical bond that forms when two nonmetals react and share 1 2 or 3 pairs of electrons. Consists of molecules.
Celsius
The temperature scale on which water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees.
molar mass or formula mass
The mass of one mole of a compound with a given chemical formula mass.
atom
The smallest part of an element that can still retain the properties of the element. A single unit of an element.
Solute
Any substance in a solution that gets dissolved. This is often a solid for example salt dissolving in water.
Period
The horizontal rows in the periodic table.
Precision
a measure of how close a series of measurements are to one another
Element
A unique kind of atom that differs in the amount of protons. Found in many different groups on the periodic table.
Theory
A scientific explanation that is supported by evidence.
Molecule
A neutral group of atoms that are covalently bonded together.
atomic number
The amount of protons that are found in the nucleus. This number is unique to each different element
Molarity
the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.
concentrated solution
solution containing a large amount of solute compared with the amount of solvent present
Mass
A measure of the amount of matter in an object. Unit is grams or kilograms.
homogeneous
A solution that is the same throughout. Any sample would have the identical composition as another sample.
intensive property
a physical property that does not depend on the amount of matter present. An example is color, boiling point, or concentration.
Heat of fusion
Amount of energy required to change a substance from the solid phase to the liquid phase. This takes place at a constant temperature and pressure.
heterogeneous mixture
A mixture of substances that IS NOT uniform throughout. Samples taken from it may not be the same.
Solvent
The substance that takes up the largest amount of a solution. This is usually a liquid and mostly water.
System
An interrelated group of matter and energy that we choose to investigate.
Joule
The fundamental unit of energy and heat
Brownian motion
The erratic and jerky movement of tiny particles suspended in water, due to random impacts of individual molecules in thermal motion.
