FINAL

Question 1

What approaches do anthropolo use?

Answer 1

COmparative, holistic, hands on, and evolutionary approach

Question 2

Define bioculturalorganisms

Answer 2

Organisms that rely on a mix of cultural beliefs and biological makeup to survive

Question 3

Anthropologists are against?

Answer 3

1. Enthocentrism (One culture is superior to another)
2. Cultural stereotypes

Question 4

Work for?

Answer 4

Nurture and Nature

Question 5

Name the order of the scientific name(s)

Answer 5

Kingdom, Phylym, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

(King Philip came over for good soup)

Question 6

Writing taxonomy

Answer 6

Italics, capitalized, plural

Question 7

of human bones?

Answer 7

206 Bones

Question 8

of organs?

Answer 8

78 organs

Question 9

Key characteristics of Strepsirrhini?

Answer 9

Ancestors of present day lemurs, small brain, small bodies, longer snouts, dependent on smell

Question 10

Key characteristics of Platyrrines?

Answer 10

Aboreal (Live in trees), flat mose, round nostrils, weaker colour vision

Question 11

What does aboreal mean? What does aboreal adaptation mean?

Answer 11

Live in trees, adapted to live in trees

Question 12

Key characteristics of Catarrhines?

Answer 12

Tear shaped nose, downward pointing nostrils, developed colour vision

Question 13

Key characteristics of hominoids?

Answer 13

Aps, humans, longer arms than legs, longer arms, no tail

Question 14

Key characteristics of organutans?

Answer 14

Genus: Pogo, largest aboreal primate, tend to live in solitary

Question 15

KEy characteristics of gorilla?

Answer 15

Largest overall primate that is landborn, walks on their knuckles and their social circle consists of an alpha male and numerous females

Question 16

Key characteristics of a chimpanzee?

Answer 16

Closest relative to present humans, they can be both terrestial and aboreal, highly social and are known to be capable to use tools

Question 17

Key characteristics of homo sapiens?

Answer 17

Weaker sense of smell, we use two legs as transportation, omnivores, and uses tools

Question 18

Overall primate characteristics (What do we do that is different from others?)

Answer 18

We rely mostly on vision than smell, adapted for aboreal living but also larger species are terrestial, flexible diet depending on environment, lower baby count (reflective of number of nipples), late maturity, longer parental care

Question 19

Define natural selection

Answer 19

Advantageous heritable traits being passed down through generations due to their likeliness to survive environmental pressures

Question 20

What occured in hominin evolution?

Answer 20

Development of bipedalism (two legged walking)
Non-honing chewing (reduced canines/front teeth) so front teeth do not overlap with the teeth below
Learned how to use surroundings to create tools to their advantage
Verbal speech
Hunting
Domestication

Question 21

What is bipedalism and name characteristics

Answer 21

The development of a biological species to fully depend on using two legs to walk around.
Spinal cord is placed in the middle of the skull, and it is more curvy
Pelvis bone became narrower to decrease the weight the two legs would require to hold
Entire body became more compact and the structure of the feet became narrower

Question 22

List the advantages of bipedalism

Answer 22

Farther vision, more efficient transportation, hands become more versatile, enables long distance running

Question 23

Disadvantages of bipedalism?

Answer 23

Upright posture = easier to be discovered by a predator
Dependence on the back/spine causes easier back pain
Reliance on two main feet makes an injury to one foot very severe

Question 24

Key characteristics of hand adaptation

Answer 24

5 fingers (pentadactyl)
Moble joints
Opposable thumbs (ball and hole joint)
Thumbs enable a power and precision grip over full strength
Nails promote grasping grip

Question 25

Key characteristics of eye(s)

Answer 25

Enhanced vision
Binocular + stereoscopic vision (forward facing 3 dimensional view with wide range of colours)

Question 26

Name the four types of teeth

Answer 26

Incisors, canines, premolars, and molars

Question 27

Key characteristics of the Sahelanthropus Tchadnsis (Human ancestor)

Answer 27

Bipedal, and had non-honing teeth

Question 28

Key characteristics of the Ardipithecus

Answer 28

Curved toe formation (phalanges), rigit footbones, half n half bipedal

Footprints from the Ardipith was found in Tanzania that are assumed to be 2 adults and 1 nonadult whose footprints were solidified by a volcanic eruption

Question 29

Key characteristics of the Austra

Answer 29

Smaller brains, smaller canines, larger premolar and molar teeth
The skeleton Lucy falls under here from Ethiopia

Question 30

Key characteristics of the Homo

Answer 30

Larger brain with a smaller flatter face, they have longer legs and shorter arms, less evident skeletal dimorphism and increased use of tools

Question 31

Key characteristics of the Habilis

Answer 31

Rounder skull, flatter face and use oldovan tools, have smaller teeth

Question 32

Key characteristics of the Erectus

Answer 32

Thicker cranial bones, body size similar to present humans, larger brains, first of the homo genus to travel outside of africa into asian and europe

They used achulean tools

Question 33

Define archulean tools

Answer 33

Symmetrical rocks with imperfections that enabled it to have numerous uses

Question 34

Key characteristics of the neaderthals

Answer 34

Lived in colder climates, they were shower and bulkier,

Neaderthals are not direct ancesters of homo sapiens but rather they interbred with humans and present day humans have anywhere from 1 to 4 percent of neaderthal dna

Question 35

Define biological anthropology and provide an example(s)

Answer 35

Biological anthropology places an emphasis on evolution and human origins with a mix of diversity and human adaptation.
Focuses mainly on primates and human remains

Paleoanthropology

Question 36

Define cultural anthropology and provide and example(s)

Answer 36

Study of the details of human society/cultures