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CRIMJ2310 - Forensic Science > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three most common types of handguns?

A

Single-shot, revolvers, and semi-automatics

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2
Q

What is the reason that grooves are rifled into the bore of a gun?

A

The bullet will be made to spin and thus have a true and accurate course on leaving the barrel.

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3
Q

The comparison of two bullets is possible with a comparison microscope. Such a comparison is made difficult by what?

A

Lands and grooves are subject to wear and tear, and hence striations markings are susceptible to continuing change.
Often, evidence bullets are distorted on impact and only small areas are found with intact markings.
The presence of grit and rust can to some degree alter the markings on bullets fired through the same barrel.

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4
Q

What can make distinctive markings on shells and cartridges?

A

Extractor and ejector mechanism
Magazine
Breech face mark

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5
Q

Generally speaking, the amount of gunpowder particles found around a bullet hole is ___________ to the amount of distance from which the weapon was fired.

A

Inversely related.

The less distance from the point of entry - the more powder present

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6
Q

Gunpowder residue patterns can be detected by what?

A

The Greiss test
Infrared photographs

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7
Q

To prevent the latent fingerprints on a firearm from being disturbed, the weapon should be lifted in what manner?

A

By the edge of the trigger guard or by the checkered portion of the grip.

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8
Q

After a gun is recovered from an underwater location, it should be

A

Transported to the crime lab in a container with enough of the same water necessary to keep it submerged.

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9
Q

The pointed end of a bloodstain always faces

A

In its direction of travel

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10
Q

What is the most common type of bloodstain pattern found at a crime scene?

A

Impact spatter

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11
Q

The intersection of straight lines through the long axis of several individual bloodstains in an impact spatter pattern illustrates the pattern’s what?

A

Area of convergence

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12
Q

At the crime scene, the string method is used to find out what about the impact spatter pattern?

A

Area of origin

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13
Q

What is the deposition of backward spatter produced by a gunshot wound determined by?

A

The location of the injury
The size of the wound created
The distance between the victim and the muzzle

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14
Q

Which weapon would create cast-off patterns consisting of small droplets in a linear pattern?

A

Knife

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15
Q

The pressure of the pumping of oxygenated blood out of an injury causes bright red colored blood to spurt out and form what pattern?

A

Arterial spray

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16
Q

The removal of an object or surface that was located between the origin of blood and the target surface during the bloodstain deposition leaves what behind?

A

A void

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17
Q

Widely spaced bloody shoe prints with satellite spatter between the shoe prints were likely deposited by an individual who was doing what?

A

Running

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18
Q

What can the skeletonized perimeter of a bloodstain be used to interpret?

A

The time that elapsed between deposition of the stain and alteration of the stain
The source of the bloodstain

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19
Q

A trail pattern leading away from the victim at a stabbing scene was most likely created by what?

A

Blood dripping from the murder weapon

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20
Q

All data readily available to a computer user is known as what?

A

Visible data

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21
Q

What is the percentage of evidence evaluate in the crime lab that is drug related?

A

75 percent

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22
Q

The pattern and intensity of dependency on a drug does NOT depend on what?

A

Cost of the drug

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23
Q

Which physical symptom is part of abstinence syndrome

A

Body chills
Stomach cramps and vomiting
Convulsions

24
Q

Which is NOT derived from opium?

A

Marijuana

25
Q

Marijuana has potential use in which medical application?

A

Lessening of nausea caused by anticancer drugs
Muscle relaxant
Reduction of excessive eye pressure in glaucoma

26
Q

Methamphetamine is in what category of drugs?

A

Stimulant

27
Q

What is NOT true of anabolic steroids?

A

The can greatly enhance strength and general athletic performance

28
Q

What is the most heavily abused drug type in the Western countries?

A

Alcohol

29
Q

Field sobriety tests do NOT include which of the following?

A

Performance of sit-ups

30
Q

Blood samples taken for alcohol testing must be taken only with the drivers consent, according to what?

A

None of the above (consent is not required).

31
Q

Analyzing segments of hair for drug content may define the timeline for drug use, dating it back over what period?

A

Days, weeks, years

32
Q

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the hair shaft?

A

Follicle

(Hair shaft = cuticle, cortex, medulla)

33
Q

Which feature of the heir is the most important in making a species identification?

A

Scale pattern

34
Q

What is the central canal running through many hairs known as?

A

Medulla

35
Q

Beard hairs are coarse and normally what shape in cross-section?

A

Triangular

36
Q

Which plant fiber is the most prevalent by far?

A

Cotton

37
Q

Which was the first manmade fiber?

A

Rayon

38
Q

To determine whether a bloodstain is human of animal origin, what will the serologist perform?

A

A precipitin test

39
Q

Evidence to substantiate that a rape occurred could include what?

A

Blood and semen
Hairs
Fibers

40
Q

The technology of DNA typing had its beginnings in 1985 with the work of whom?

A

Alec Jefferys

41
Q

Telltale signs of arson include which of the following?

A

Separate points of origin
Trails of burn patterns
The presence of accelerant containers

42
Q

The rapid combustion of oxygen with a fuel that results in a noticeable release of energy is called what?

A

Combustion

43
Q

The minimum temperature at which a liquid fuel will produce enough vapor to burn is called the what?

A

Flash point

44
Q

When investigators search a fire scene, what must they focus on first?

A

Finding the origin of the fire

45
Q

Why must arson investigators work quickly to collect evidence?

A

Accelerant residues may quickly evaporate
Safety requirements may require that cleanup and salvage operations begin quickly
Accelerants in soil may rapidly degrade

46
Q

The heat generated in a chemical reaction comes from what?

A

Breaking and formation of chemical bonds

47
Q

Which of the following is NOT a high explosive?

A

Black powder

48
Q

A motherboard

A

Is the main circuit board within a computer
Has a socket to accept RAM
Connects to every device used by the system

49
Q

What is the primary form of data storage within a personal computer?

A

Hard disk drive

50
Q

A NIC enables a personal computer to communicate with other computers via what type of connection?

A

Wired
Wireless

51
Q

What is the first thing a crime-scene investigator should do when encountering computer forensic evidence?

A

Procure a warrant to search

52
Q

What is the ultimate goal of obtaining an image of a hard disk drive?

A

To obtain information without altering the drive in any way

53
Q

What is one of the most common places to begin searching for evidential data?

A

Word-processing or text-based document files

54
Q

Which of the following is the best definition of latent data?

A

Those data that are hidden from view

55
Q

Once a file is deleted by a user, it:

A

Is retained until the disk space it occupies is allocated for another use
May be identified using forensic image acquisition software.

CRIMJ2310 - Forensic Science (1 decks)

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