Final

Question 1

A CHN has received funds to create a heart health project. Which of the following illustrates the most potentially beneficial project?
a. Working with a single mothers’ group to support young women as they return to school and to promote healthy lifestyle choices, healthy nutrition and physical activity
b. Encouraging men in a seniors’ residence to eat healthy
c. Counseling middle aged married women to eat healthy during menopause
d. Delivering a heart health education session to a small group of lawyers and executives

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A CHN who is involved in community development is most likely to:
a. Develop handout materials to be distributed in the community that focus on illness and injury prevention
b. Educate the community on how to improve its health through a healthy diet and physical activity
c. Provide the community with health education programs on perinatal and seniors health
d. Act as a resource person for a community that has come together to generate solutions

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Empowerment is a concept used by CHNs:
a. In which the CHNs control how people move toward political efficacy
b. In all levels of their work with individuals, families, groups and communities
c. To promote certain communities to have more power than others
d. As an approach that is separate from the concept of social justice

Answer 3

B

Question 4

CHNs relationships with individuals and communities enables CHNs to:
a. Identify strengths and gaps in the current health care system
b. Provide rehabilitation services as part of Primary Health Care
c. Advocate for an increase in funding for acute care
d. Shift the health care system to a side-stream approach

Answer 4

A

Question 5

A group of nurses who advocate for mandatory bike helmet legislation for children and adults is an example of:
a. Building safe public environment
b. Creating supportive environments
c. Strengthening community action
d. Building healthy public policy

Answer 5

D

Question 6

Which of the following best illustrates an application of the Population Health Promotion Model (PHPM) that seeks:
• To influence education as a determinant of health
• To work at the community level
• To use strengthening community action as a health promotion strategy

a. CHNs working with the school board to provide hand-washing sessions
b. CHNs working with an immigrant aid society to offer English as a Second Language Class to workers at the local meat packing plant, the main employer in the community
c. CHNs offering nutrition education to two pregnant workers at the local meat packing plant, the main employer in the community
d. CHNs educating the community about personal safety through an article in the community newspaper

Answer 6

B

Question 7

Which of the following best illustrates the work of CHNs in building healthy policy at the population level?
a. Provincial bike helmet legislation
b. Adolescent women’s support group at a high school
c. Influenza clinics for a seniors residence
d. Hand-washing class for school children

Answer 7

A

Question 8

A community is all of the following except:
a. Senior citizens who belong to a seniors’ resource centre
b. Families who live in a geographic neighborhood
c. Students at a college
d. A random group of people

Answer 8

D

Question 9

A CHN is collecting qualitative data as part of a community assessment. What is the CHN most likely to be doing?
a. Generating files of statistical data
b. Collecting lists of community resources
c. Conducting a public meeting
d. Distributing a multiple choice survey

Answer 9

C

Question 10

What are vulnerable populations?
a. People who are more likely to have adverse health outcomes than other populations
b. People who live in a rural area
c. People who are the least likely to be ill in a population group
d. People who live North of 60 in Canada

Answer 10

A

Question 11

Which of the following is not considered a role of the CHN?
a. Advocate for health services
b. Educate new mothers on care of newborn
c. Diagnose a diabetic foot ulcer
d. Referral agent to community resources

Answer 11

C

Question 12

Which of the following elements would a CHN utilize in a windshield survey?
a. History, demographics, mortality rates, physical environment
b. History, demographics, values, physical environment
c. History, demographics, values, coping skills
d. History, demographics, mortality rates, education

Answer 12

a

Question 13

Which of the following nurses will have the best understanding of the mission of CHN? The nurse who:
a. Provides the most appropriate care to individuals in the community
b. Gets to know each individual and family that he/she is working with
c. Understands the needs of the individuals and families that comprise the population with which they work
d. Is diligent about keeping abreast of new treatments and technologies

Answer 13

c

Question 14

CHNs who are involved in community development are required to:
a. Have an understanding of community history, resources, and key players
b. Create a climate of trust in order to inform the community about the biomedical model
c. Control the process through the use of deadlines and hierarchy
d. Accept the status quo and be players in the existing system

Answer 14

a

Question 15

All of the following are the strategies of Primary Health Care except:
a. Linkages with health organizations
b. Active community participation
c. Use of obsolete technology
d. Support mechanisms made available

Answer 15

c

Question 16

In the collection of data, various methods are employed by a CHN. Which is NOT included in these methods?
a. Community surveys
b. Individual and family health records
c. Developing an operational plan
d. Observation of health related behaviours of individuals, families or groups

Answer 16

c

Question 17

All of the following are false except:
a. Culture is who we are and it will never change
b. Cultural competence is the ability to recognize diversity within groups
c. Competence in cultural competence means that I can do my work as I want
d. Cultural competence means treating all members of a cultural group the same way

Answer 17

b

Question 18

An example of tertiary prevention is:
a. Mammograms
b. Rehabilitative job training
c. Diet and exercise
d. Immunization for measles, mumps and rubella

Answer 18

b

Question 19

Disaster response includes four stages: prevention, response, preparation and
recovery. Preparedness includes which of the following:
a. A unified approach to incident management
b. Evacuation preparations
c. Restoration of physical and psychosocial disaster issues
d. Disaster kit preparation

Answer 19

d

Question 20

When the rate of disease, injury or other disorder exceeds the expectancy, it is
called:
a. Incidence
b. Epidemic
c. Rate
d. Pandemic

Answer 20

b

Question 21

Which of the following is not part of the community health assessment:
a. Identification of strengths and needs
b. Leads to a community diagnosis
c. Policy development
d. Utilizes data collection techniques

Answer 21

c

Question 22

Health inequities is a term used to describe
a. Systematic and avoidable differences in health status
b. Random differences in the distribution of health and illness
c. Unavoidable differences in the receipt of health services
d. The natural gradient of health in a population

Answer 22

a

Question 23

Which of the following is considered a natural disaster:
a. Structural collapse
b. Mitigation
c. Communicable diseases
d. Drought conditions

Answer 23

d

Question 24

A nurse is teaching an in-service for new nurses on the importance of cultural sensitivity when caring for patients. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
a. Ethnic diversity of health-care staff plays little role in the reduction of health-care inequalities.
b. Translators should always be used when a patient does not speak English as a primary language.
c. Nurses and other health-care workers may often display discriminatory behavior without realizing
d. Nurses must always work as patient advocates to make sure that the patient is receiving culturally sensitive care.

Answer 24

a

Question 25

As defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), an example of a health promotion intervention is ____ whereas a health promotion, risk reduction is ____.
a. A health fair; funding a school health library
b. Giving a free exercise class; offering coupons at a restaurant for healthy food
c. A free antibiotic giveaway; a diet class for teenagers
d. A tour of a hospital; a relaxation technique class

Answer 25

b

Question 26

A nurse is studying the increased infant mortality rate at a local hospital in a largely African American community. The nurse notes that there are very few options for prenatal care in the community and recognizes that this is an example of:
a. Health disparity
b. Health inequity
c. Health injustice
d. Social determinant of health

Answer 26

b

Question 27

A nurse is working in a community center and notices a high rate of obesity in its members. The nurse suspects that poor access to fresh fruits and vegetables may be partially responsible. What should the nurse do first when formulating a plan?
a. Assess the social determinants in the community
b. Implement a plan to increase access to fresh produce
c. Outline the steps needed to address the disparity
d. Formulate a community diagnosis

Answer 27

a

Question 28

A nurse is working with local government officials and political lobbyists to prompt a vote to improve the school lunch program. The nurse knows that this is an example of:
a. Advocacy
b. Public health policy
c. Equity
d. Public health economics

Answer 28

a

Question 29

Which of the following is the primary explanation for life expectancy increasing so notably during the twentieth century?
a. An increase in findings from medical laboratory research
b. Incredible advances in surgical techniques and procedures
c. Improved sanitation and other public health activities
d. Increased use of antibiotics to fight infections

Answer 29

c

Question 30

Which of the following is used as a measurement of population health?
a. Health status indicators
b. Awareness of levels of prevention
c. The number of memberships at the local fitness centre
d. Reported provincial alcohol and tobacco sales in any given month

Answer 30

a

Question 31

A hospital nurse working in employee health notes that several nurses from one unit are missing from work after having contracted a communicable disease from a client. In this scenario, which one of the following is the host?
a. Each sick nurse
b. The communicable disease
c. The hospital
d. The client

Answer 31

a

Question 32

Which one of the following is an example of the “advocate” role of the CHN?
a. Organizing home care support for a newly discharged older adult client
b. Acting as a member of a community action group for provision of accessible transit choices
c. Doing prenatal assessments
d. Facilitating a self-help group for smoking cessation

Answer 32

b

Question 33

A CHN often has to make resource allocation decisions. In such cases, which of the following approaches will help the CHN to arrive at the decision?
a. Choosing a moral or ethical principle
b. Choosing the cheapest, most economical approach
c. Choosing the most rational outcome
d. Choosing the needs of the aggregate, rather than the needs of a few individuals

Answer 33

d

Question 34

Which type of thinking is most reflective of looking at a macroscopic, big-picture population focus?
a. Collaborative thinking
b. Upstream thinking
c. Holistic thinking
d. Downstream thinking

Answer 34

b

Question 35

Which of the following ethical principles indicates that the CHN is ethically bound to do good within the limitations of time, place, and talent?
a. Justice
b. Beneficence
c. Nonmaleficence
d. Distributive justice

Answer 35

b

Question 36

As part of primary prevention, a parish nurse wants to encourage some elementary school students to increase their vigorous exercise. Which action by the parish nurse will help these students attain an improved health status?
a. Encouraging families to ensure that the students receive healthy diets and plenty of rest
b. Fostering relationships among families with children of similar ages so that they can work together toward goal attainment
c. Partnering with a youth pastor to establish sports activities that will include those individuals with special needs
d. Working with faith-based school teachers to include in the curriculum teaching about healthy diet and food selection

Answer 36

c

Question 37

Which of the following is being practised by the CHN who periodically conducts spirometry testing of employees working with hazardous gases?
a. Primary prevention
b. Secondary prevention
c. Tertiary prevention
d. Tertiary care

Answer 37

b

Question 38

In addition to the common barriers faced by most rural residents, which one of the following is an additional barrier to health care that a Mexican migrant farm worker is more likely to encounter?
a. Absence of culturally appropriate care
b. Availability of specialists
c. Distance of health care facilities from the place of residence
d. Lack of anonymity

Answer 38

a

Question 39

For a CHN, which of the following describes the goal of advocacy?
a. Gaining organizational and governmental support for the promotion of nursing objectives
b. Improving community service needs identified by research findings
c. Integrating evidence-informed practice guidelines in the provision of community nursing service
d. Promoting self-determination in a client, family, group, or community

Answer 39

d

Question 40

Research demonstrates that exercise is important for general wellness and weight control. The CHN can use this information to implement primary prevention by doing which of the following?
a. Developing individualized exercise programs for overweight children
b. Drafting policy for increases in noncompetitive physical activity programs
c. Monitoring body mass index in children to identify elevations before they become difficult to manage
d. Notifying parents or guardians of their child’s height–weight scale in comparison with national norms

Answer 40

b

Question 41

Which of the following accurately describes an appropriate starting point for the application of a population health approach?
a. Emergency life-saving care
b. The determinants of health
c. Health promotion models
d. Risk management

Answer 41

b

Question 42

The Canadian Community Health Nursing Standards of Practice identifies a community health nurse (CHN)’s role as advocate in creating public policy, as supporter of community action to influence public policy, and as instrument for societal change. Which one of the following is an example of a healthy public policy?
a. Immunizations
b. Behaviour change
c. Marketing materials
d. Crib/bed safety initiatives for infants and young children

Answer 42

d

Question 43

What is the focus of health promotion in Canada?
a. Achieving consensus on community health needs
b. Developing a population approach based on the determinants of health
c. Dictating interventions that match the government’s identified priorities
d. Promoting individual health status

Answer 43

b

Question 44

Which one of the following is the most important ingredient for effective community development?
a. Adequate funding
b. Appropriate location for the services provided
c. Community participation
d. Professional expertise

Answer 44

c

Question 45

Which of the following actions by the nurse executive would best implement evidence-informed practice at a community nursing centre that serves a large Cuban immigrant population?
a. Having university experts with cultural competency expertise review the centre’s policies
b. Having weekly staff meetings for the purpose of determining which methods seem to work best when helping immigrants
c. Including Cuban immigrants from the community on the centre’s advisory board
d. Sending centre staff to conferences and seminars that focus on providing health care to immigrants from Spanish-speaking countries

Answer 45

c

Question 46

A health care provider is concerned about the high number of clients with type 2 diabetes who have poor glucose control. In order to implement evidence-informed practice to manage this problem, which one of the following would be the best reference for the health care provider to use?
a. Published protocols
b. Current research findings
c. Opinions of colleagues
d. Nursing journals

Answer 46

b

Question 47

A CHN implemented an education program that incorporated computer games to reinforce learning in a community of older adults. Although earlier research had demonstrated evidence of improved retention of information by using this method, the CHN found exactly the opposite effect in this group of clients. Which one of the following is the most likely cause of the poor outcome in the education program?
a. Failure to consider client individuality
b. Inadequate incorporation of evidence into practice
c. Inferior quality of the available research evidence
d. The CHN’s lack of skills in evaluating the evidence

Answer 47

a

Question 48

Which of the following is included in the ways in which a CHN can best facilitate incorporation of evidence-informed practice in the clinical setting?
a. Elimination of all protocols and standards that are not evidence based
b. Group reflection on the ideals and expectations of nursing care
c. Incorporation of more practice-oriented research into decision making
d. Revision of mission statements and organizational philosophies

Answer 48

c

Question 49

Which one of the following is the central, most important concept or action in nursing today?
a. Adapting to the use of computers and other technological advances
b. Caring
c. Distinguishing nursing care from medical care
d. Seeking evidence-based outcomes

Answer 49

b

Question 50

Some CHNs are disagreeing strongly about the appropriate action to take in relation to a particular family in which one member is ill and the other family members have chosen to continue working at their jobs instead of take time off to care for the ill family member. One CHN asks, “What sort of example does this behaviour set for the community? What if everyone always put their jobs before their families?” Which of the following types of thinking is this CHN applying?
a. Communitarianism
b. Deontological ethics
c. Principlism
d. Utilitarianism

Answer 50

a

Question 51

A community health nurse (CHN) is facing an ethical dilemma and is not able to determine which option would have the best outcome. She finally decides to talk to her supervisor and let the supervisor decide which action to take. Ethically, into which category does the CHN’s decision fall?
a. The decision is appropriate because the supervisor is responsible for the CHN’s choices.
b. The decision is intelligent because the supervisor has access to resource persons (spiritual leaders, physicians, administrators) who may know of options that the CHN has not considered.
c. The decision is advisable, but only as an opportunity to further discuss the issue because ultimately the CHN is still responsible for her own choice.
d. The decision is smart because the supervisor would be more aware of community priorities.

Answer 51

c

Question 52

Much ethical debate has revolved around issues in acute health care, for example, the continuation or withdrawal of medical treatment. In such a specific situation, which of the following is usually the dominant issue?
a. Doing what is best for the community
b. Doing what is best for the family
c. Obeying legal mandates
d. Upholding the client’s autonomy

Answer 52

d

Question 53

A family from Mexico presents to the public health department. None of the family members speak English, and no one at the health department speaks Spanish. Which of the following will be the most appropriate action on the part of the CHN?
a. Attempting communication using an English–Spanish phrase book
b. Calling the local hospital and arranging a referral
c. Emphatically stating, “No hablo Español” (I don’t speak Spanish) and repeating as necessary
d. Finding an interpreter to translate

Answer 53

d

Question 54

The CHN who wishes to develop cultural competence can improve cultural awareness by doing which one of the following?
a. Completing a survey of all the ethnic groups in the CHN’s community
b. Considering how the CHN’s personal beliefs and decisions are reflective of his or her culture
c. Inviting a family from another cultural background to participate in an event with the CHN
d. Studying the beliefs and traditions of persons coming from other cultures

Answer 54

b

Question 55

For the community health nurse (CHN) who is involving the community–client as partner, during which phase does data collection take place to determine the community’s health and structure?
a. Assessment phase
b. Planning phase
c. Implementation phase
d. Evaluation phase

Answer 55

a

Question 56

Which of the following is the best resource for the CHN who wants information about the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in a local region of the country?
a. Hospital records and statistics
b. Online information from Statistics Canada
c. The local chamber of commerce
d. The obituary columns of local newspapers

Answer 56

b

Question 57

When assessing immigrant access to regional health care, which data collection method would be the best choice to provide key information about the community?
a. Interviews with employees of the local health board
b. Informant interviews with local community members
c. Interview with a legislator or local politician
d. Interview with a public health official

Answer 57

b

Question 58

Which measure of community health will the CHN who wishes to assess the status of a community’s health examine?
a. Community awareness
b. Health facilities
c. Health care manpower
d. Vital statistics

Answer 58

d

Question 59

A committee concludes that a program’s objectives were met and that activities received positive ratings from the community, but decides that the program will be discontinued because its cost was triple the amount anticipated. In this scenario, which one of the following program evaluation measures has been identified as the problem?
a. Adequacy
b. Effectiveness
c. Impact
d. Sustainability

Answer 59

d

Question 60

Which one of the following programs would best exemplify an emphasis on tertiary prevention?
a. Development of an in-school clinic that provides counselling on contraception
b. Providing a diabetes management program for persons with diabetes mellitus
c. Providing cardiovascular fitness evaluations at annual health fairs
d. Setting up free blood pressure screening at popular department stores and supermarkets

Answer 60

b

Question 61

A committee of health care professionals would like to establish a district-wide program to improve access to culturally competent health care services for Vietnamese immigrants. Which one of the following would be the best person to select as a key information provider about this community’s needs?
a. The hospital administrator
b. A Vietnamese community leader
c. A national expert on cultural competency
d. A provincial/territorial or municipal government official

Answer 61

b

Question 62

Which one of the following would be designated as a group in the community?
a. Clients in the emergency room (ER) waiting area
b. Shoppers in a mall elevator
c. Passengers waiting at a bus stop
d. Teens who socialize on weekends

Answer 62

d

Question 63

Which one of the following would be considered an effective group norm?
a. Group meetings generally do not start on time, but they do end on time.
b. Group members share positive and negative feelings about what is happening.
c. Group members often have hidden agendas to meet other purposes.
d. The group leader makes most of the group decisions.

Answer 63

b

Question 64

When does the mitigation phase of disaster management begin?
a. Before the disaster occurs
b. During the disaster
c. Immediately following the disaster
d. During the recovery period

Answer 64

a

Question 65

Which of the following demonstrates the final phase of application of the community health nursing process?
a. Presenting feedback about a 6-week fitness class
b. Determining the needs of the community
c. Developing a 6-week wellness program
d. Supervising a fitness class at the local YWCA or YMCA

Answer 65

a

Question 66

Developing a communication strategy to keep community members informed is an example of which of the following components of community capacity building?
a. Skill development
b. Partnership building
c. Documentation of progress
d. Establishing a planning team group

Answer 66

b

Question 67

Which one of the following is a feature of community capacity building?
a. Asking why
b. Assessing the status quo
c. Obtaining sustainable financial resources
d. Ensuring government is involved at all levels of planning

Answer 67

a

Question 68

In which of the following scenarios does the occupational health nurse (OHN) use primary prevention to improve health outcomes when environmental health risks are present?
a. Using radiation detectors to detect unsafe levels of radiation exposure
b. Irrigating the eyes of an employee who has had a chemical splash to the face
c. Teaching new employees who will work outdoors about the signs and symptoms of heat-related illness
d. Using spirometry to rule out obstructive or restrictive lung disease in workers before they start using mask respirators

Answer 68

c

Question 69

In the event of a disaster localized to one district, nursing response would most likely be directed by which following group?
a. Canadian Red Cross
b. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention
c. Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response (CEPR)
d. Paramedics

Answer 69

c

Question 70

Of the following statements about Salmonella made by class members in a class about disease prevention, which one indicates that additional teaching is needed?
a. “Certain pets and farm animals may be Salmonella carriers.”
b. “It is possible to transmit Salmonella through person-to-person contact.”
c. “Salmonella may be spread through blood once the infected blood is exposed to air.”
d. “Salmonella outbreaks are usually due to contaminated meat, poultry, and eggs.”

Answer 70

c

Question 71

Which of the following actions should a CHN take when using the case management approach with vulnerable populations?
a. Be willing to enter into a long-term relationship with families.
b. Direct and control the client’s care because the CHN knows what is most needed.
c. Encourage families to become self-sufficient and less dependent on nursing personnel for advice and referrals.
d. Rotate assignments periodically, to prevent attachment and codependency.

Answer 71

a

Question 72

Which one of the following is an example of tertiary prevention by a CHN?
a. Administering the Mantoux (skin) test to identify persons with TB
b. Assessing for signs and symptoms of active TB
c. Directly observing clients with active TB as they take their antituberculosis medications
d. Interpreting TB skin test results

Answer 72

c

Question 73

Which of the following actions by a case manager would be classified as primary prevention?
a. Advocating for the client whose values conflict with those of the medical service provider
b. Collaborating between nursing and occupational health personnel
c. Educating a group regarding community services that are available if they are ever needed
d. Resolving conflict between a primary care clinic and a tertiary care facility

Answer 73

c

Question 74

A client reports that the narcotic she took for pain on a regular basis made her feel bad and that when she tried an alternative analgesic, she experienced withdrawal symptoms. What is this client suffering from?
a. Drug abuse
b. Drug addiction
c. Drug dependence
d. Substance abuse

Answer 74

c

Question 75

Which one of the following is the best intervention a community health nurse (CHN) can initiate to increase lasting resilience among new immigrants?
a. Directing clients to English-as-a-second-language courses
b. Giving immigrant clients money to help them get settled
c. Identifying areas in the city where housing is less expensive
d. Soliciting donations for food, clothing, and other needs

Answer 75

a

Question 76

Which of the following is a primary cause of vulnerability?
a. Breakdown of family structures
b. Poverty
c. Prejudice
d. Social isolation

Answer 76

b

Question 77

A CHN is concerned about caregiver stress in the children of older clients with health concerns. Which of the following secondary prevention strategies can the CHN implement to limit caregiver stress?
a. Asking caregivers how they are coping with their role
b. Encouraging caregivers to periodically take a few hours away from their duties
c. Establishing support groups for caregivers of older adult parents
d. Referring some caregiving responsibilities to home health nurses (HHNs) or professional caregivers

Answer 77

a

Question 78

Which of the following actions can a CHN take to potentially increase accessibility to health care services for mentally ill homeless clients?
a. Apply for a grant to fund a mobile clinic to take health care to the clients.
b. Distribute flyers to homeless persons that detail the location of various healthcare services.
c. Refer homeless clients to temporary housing facilities.
d. Solicit donations for food and clothing to be distributed to the homeless.

Answer 78

a

Question 79

A CHN who works at a clinic for homeless persons wants to institute a more efficient treatment for chronic wounds. Which of the following actions offers the best way to improve outcomes for these clients?
a. Administer antibiotics to all homeless persons with chronic, nonhealing wounds.
b. Facilitate daily access to a room with soap, water, and bandages.
c. Provide free bandaging supplies to clients at each clinic visit.
d. Regularly monitor the wound condition of clients.

Answer 79

b

Question 80

By which of the following actions can the CHN best ensure long-term positive health outcomes in pregnant teens from low-income groups and their children?
a. Help teen mothers learn about body changes during pregnancy.
b. Develop programs that enable teen mothers to complete their education.
c. Offer courses in proper care of babies.
d. Monitor pregnant teens for early detection of problems in pregnancy.

Answer 80

b

Question 81

Which of the following is the primary determining factor of poor health outcomes in women?
a. Feelings of powerlessness
b. Lack of knowledge
c. Poverty
d. Stress

Answer 81

c

Question 82

What is the ultimate goal of program planning?
a. Avoiding unanticipated conflicts in the program development phase
b. Ensuring adequate funding to meet the program’s resource requirement
c. Ensuring that health care services are satisfactory, comparable, effective, and beneficial
d. Preventing unnecessary duplication of services

Answer 82

c

Question 83

In order to evaluate a program designed to decrease obesity among school-aged children, which of the following questions would be the most important to consider?
a. Are the school-aged children satisfied with the program?
b. Can the parents and guardians support the program requirements?
c. Has obesity among the school-aged children decreased?
d. What is the program cost compared with the program benefit?

Answer 83

c

Question 84

Evaluation is under way for a province-wide program whose goal is to decrease teen injury and death associated with driving while under the influence of alcohol. Which of the following questions is most effective in helping make a summative evaluation of the program?
a. Are program participants completing all aspects of the program, and do their satisfaction scores indicate that they are pleased with the program?
b. What is the change in statistics for injuries and deaths associated with drunk driving among teens in the year following the program?
c. What is the difference in the amount of alcohol intake by teens before and after participant entry into the program?
d. What problems with program implementation have been identified?

Answer 84

b

Question 85

Which of the following potential data sources would most likely be eliminated by the community health nurse (CHN) who wishes to conduct a needs assessment on a limited budget?
a. Community forums
b. Examination of community indicators
c. Focus groups
d. Surveys

Answer 85

d

Question 86

On the basis of projected increases in the number of older adult Canadian citizens, a planning committee wants to establish a daycare program for the community’s older adult population. Which stage would be used to assess the needs of this proposed program?
a. Preactive stage
b. Reactive stage
c. Inactive stage
d. Interactive stage

Answer 86

a

Question 87

A nurse is working at a community clinic counseling a young woman. The woman’s husband was physically abusive, so she took her children and left. She needs assistance in finding housing for a few months until she can leave town to live with her mother. What does the nurse recommend?
a. A hotel
b. A shelter
c. Temporary affordable housing
d. Permanent affordable housing

Answer 87

b

Question 88

A nurse is talking with a young man who was recently diagnosed with bipolar disorder. He is talking with the nurse about feeling stigmatized due to his mental illness and is requesting assistance in finding local support. The nurse knows that stigma is:
a. Possessing a characteristic that is typically thought of as less desirable in society
b. A negative belief that is applied to an entire community or group of people
c. The negative treatment of a person due to their race, ethnicity, religion, or gender
d. A positive belief that is applied to an entire community or group of people

Answer 88

a

Question 89

A nurse is teaching a class on the health needs of the homeless population. One of the students asks, what is the most pressing need for homeless men and women? How does the nurse respond?
a. Access to health care
b. Food security
c. Safe and affordable housing
d. Financial assistance

Answer 89

a

Question 90

A nurse is working in a community health clinic where there is a high migrant worker population that work in the area. Unique health problems faced by this population include:
a. Exposure to pesticides and trauma
b. Communicable diseases such as tuberculosis
c. Malnutrition
d. All of the above

Answer 90

d

Question 91

A nurse is caring for a young woman with two young children. They are currently living in a shelter for families escaping from domestic violence. The nurse recognizes that this family is suffering from what type of homelessness?
a. Primary homelessness
b. Sheltered homelessness
c. Hidden homelessness
d. The person is not homeless

Answer 91

b

Question 92

A nurse is examining factors that may impact teen pregnancy rate as part of a desire to reduce the high rate in her community. During the initial community assessment, the nurse identifies low socioeconomic status as a potential risk factor for increased rate of teen pregnancy. How should the nurse proceed?
a. Continue to look for other risk factors to see if they overlap with socioeconomic status.
b. Begin to set goals that would address teen pregnancy by addressing socioeconomic differences in the community.
c. Create a plan to increase access to women’s health care for young women in the community and begin an abstinence only educational programs in the schools.
d. Establish the necessary budget for a clinic that would specialize in adolescent medicine

Answer 92

a

Question 93

A nursing student is about to begin a clinical rotation at a homeless shelter downtown. At the pre-clinical class meeting, the instructor gives the student all of the following suggestions for providing appropriate care except:
a. Put follow up instructions in writing so they can take the instructions with them
b. Choose words carefully so that the client does not feel bias or discrimination from the nurse
c. Use technical terms when possible so that your client feels confident that you know what you are doing
d. Discuss housing and other government support programs where they may be able to access more services

Answer 93

c

Question 94

An elderly Inuit woman lives in a small, remote village in northern Canada. She has been diagnosed with hypertension and diabetes, but rarely makes it to the regional clinic in a distant town for checkups. This woman is most likely to suffer from which one of the following?
a. Disenfranchisement
b. Health disparities
c. Subjective poverty
d. Resilience

Answer 94

b

Question 95

Women’s health covers the entire lifespan and involves health promotion, maintenance, and restoration related to the biological, social, and cultural dimensions of women’s lives. Which one of the following is an underlying principle of women’s health?

a. Normal female development includes rites of passage and life events.
b. Menopause is a medical syndrome that requires treatment.
c. Reproductive health is the focus of women’s health.
d. Cardiovascular health is the primary concern for women

Answer 95

a

Question 96

An urban area uses local radio, TV, and newspapers to post ratings of air quality on days when the air quality is poor. This notification is directed toward the elderly, the very young, and those with chronic breathing problems. These groups are an example of which type of population?

a. Disenfranchised populations
b. Disadvantaged populations
c. Deinstitutionalized populations
d. Vulnerable populations

Answer 96

d

Question 97

The later years of life for many older adults mark a period of abruptly changing social dynamics over which the older adult has very little control. The nurse should understand that this phenomenon of later life may result in which of the following?
a. Dementia
b. Age-associated memory impairment
c. Instability
d. Increased spiritual awareness

Answer 97

d

Question 98

Injuries and accidents are the most common causes of preventable disease, disability, and death among children. The CHN recognizes that most accidents occur in which location?

a. At school or daycare
b. On roadways
c. In the home
d. At playgrounds and parks

Answer 98

c

Question 99

A community’s structure can influence the potential for violence. The potential for community violence is decreased by the presence of which of the following conditions?

a. Crowded public housing
b. Transient populations
c. Social isolation
d. Community cohesiveness

Answer 99

d

Question 100

Health education is often used as a strategy for working with vulnerable populations. A group’s or individual’s benefits of health education can be affected greatly by which of the following?

a. The cycle of dependency
b. Health literacy
c. Level of income
d. Ethnicity

Answer 100

b

Question 101

When the CHN places emphasis on client strengths and assets rather than on a client’s deficits and susceptibility, which one of the following is likely to increase?

a. Resilience
b. Income
c. Helplessness
d. Vulnerability

Answer 101

a

Question 102

A nurse manager is orientating newly hired nurses to the role of the community health nurse. The following information should be included in the orientation:
a. Community health nurses provide care to diverse populations.
b. Community health nurses only work in rural areas.
c. Community health nurses must be accompanied when they provide care in client’s homes.
d. Mental health clients are not cared for by community health nurses.

Answer 102

a

Question 103

Community health nurses provide care for clients by focusing on:
a. Health maintenance.
b. Health protection.
c. Palliation.
d. Health restoration.
e. All of the above.

Answer 103

e

Question 104

The purpose of conducting a community assessment includes:
a. Satisfying one’s curiosity about a particular place.
b. Looking for one particular client family you will be visiting.
c. Making travel in the community easier in the future.
d. Determining strengths, weakness, needs, and resources.

Answer 104

d

Question 105

The community health nurse should be focused on:
a. Wellness for every individual.
b. Economic forces of community.
c. Advanced technology.
d. Evaluation of the practice.

Answer 105

a

Question 106

Community health nurses:
a. Provide appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries.
b. Provide appropriate technology that the people can use and afford.
c. Test community water supplies.
d. Provide clients with essential basic drugs.

Answer 106

a

Question 107

What is food security?
a. It relates to efforts to prevent terrorists from poisoning food supplies
b. It is about ensuring everyone’s access to food
c, Its component elements include availability, utilization, and stability as well as access to food
d. Food security focuses primarily on ending micronutrient malnutrition.

Answer 107

c

Question 108

A person who harbours the microorganism but does not manifest the signs and symptoms of the disease is called:
a. Contact
b. Infected
c. Suspect
d. Carrier

Answer 108

a

Question 109

Which of the following term refers to the degree of pathogenicity of a microbe, or in other words the relative ability of a microbe to cause disease?
a. Susceptibility
b. Virulence
c. Infection
d. None of the above

Answer 109

b

Question 110

It is important for nurses to understand traditional healing practices of their clients because:
a. Folk practices are usually ineffective
b. Nurses can refer clients to the appropriate local folk healers
c. Safe, effective traditional healing methods can be blended with Western medicine
d. The nurse must understand them to help the client give them up

Answer 110

c

Question 111

A nurse who speaks only English has just gotten a new client for an intake interview. The client is a refugee who has very limited English proficiency. The nurse should:
a. Get an interpreter
b. See whether another nurse, more comfortable with refugees, will work with the client
c. See what helpful information is on the Internet
d. Try to communicate with hand gestures

Answer 111

a

Question 112

A CHN distributes safe sex kits to sex workers and street involved youth. This is an example of:
a. Upstream thinking
b. Secondary prevention
c. Primary prevention
d. Collaboration

Answer 112

c

Question 113

An example of a Program Planning Model is:
a. Community Program Model
b. Health Fair Planning
c. PATCH
d. Program Feasibility Model

Answer 113

c

Question 114

Margaret lives in poverty. This means she does not have enough income to:
a. Buy sufficient food
b. Purchase school supplies
c. Pay her phone bill
d. Obtain a hair cut

Answer 114

a

Question 115

A CHN develops a handout educating people who use injection drugs how to inject safely to avoid developing infection and abscess. This is an example of the CNO ethical value:
a. Respect for life
b. Client choice
c. Fairness
d. Nursing knowledge

Answer 115

b

Question 116

nne’s client is HIV positive. He is not on medication for his condition. He tells Anne he does not use any protection during sexual activity nor will he disclose his status to partners. Anne sends him to hospital. She is utilizing which value of the CNA Code of Ethics?
a. Justice
b. Dignity
c. Harm principle
d. Choice

Answer 116

c

Question 117

Which report discusses the five major actions that shifted health promotion strategies to include communities?
a. Epp Report
b. Ottawa Charter
c. Lalonde Report
d. Alma-Ata Declaration

Answer 117

b

Question 118

What are the foundational concepts in health promotion?
a. Disease, health enhancement, health protection
b. Engage, resiliency, advocacy
c. Disease, enabling, diversity
d. Autonomy, nonmaleficence, distributed justice

Answer 118

a

Question 119

Community Health Nurses are well positioned to address the social determinants of health and health inequities that affect their clients. The social determinants of health and the work of primary health are collaborative and naturally intersect. What terms are used to describe community health collaboration?
a. Patient/client engagement
b. Population health approach
c. Interprofessional, interdisciplinary
d. Democracy and civil rights

Answer 119

c

Question 120

In most scenarios, Community Health Nurses need to take an upstream thinking approach. What is an example of an upstream thinking approach?
a. An individual focus that does not consider environmental factor but “how can an illness and its consequences be treated.”
b. A regional, local, community, or organizational level such as “how can we change the causes of the illness or injury?”
c. An approach that looks beyond the individual and takes on the big picture focus. “How can we change the causes of the causes, or the conditions that set the conditions for the illness or injury?”
d. Activities that seek to prevent the occurrence of a disease based on the natural history of the disease or injury.

Answer 120

c