Final Flashcards
(175 cards)
1
Q
The two names of sensory memory are:
A
iconic and echoic memory
2
Q
Why do antihistamines cause drowsiness?
A
Histamine leads to increased brain activity and arousal
3
Q
Richard finished his term paper and handed it in. As he walked out of the classroom, he remembered that there were a few more things he had forgotten that should have been included in the paper. Richard’s problem is most likely:
A
one of retrieval
4
Q
When someone looks at an image, the retina receives the light rays and modifies them into neural messages that can be remembered later. This process is called:
A
encoding
5
Q
Which of the following represents the first step of the information processing model of memory?
A
Information from sensory receptors is encoded
6
Q
A display of lines of letters is flashed on a screen in front of you followed by a high tone, which signals to remember the first line. You immediately attempt to recall a portion of the first line but, when the tone was given 10 seconds later, you cannot remember the first line. According to George Sperling, which aspect of common memory is this experiment designed to assess?
A
Sensory memory
7
Q
As a newly graduated registered nurse, Monica works a swing shift (two weeks of day shift and two weeks of graveyard shift). Her struggle to stay alert is probably due to an interruption of her usual:
A
circadian rhythm
8
Q
Bethany is trying to focus on a conversation across the room during a party she is attending because she thinks she heard her name above the background noise of the party. Her ability to hear her name despite the background noise is due to the mechanism of:
A
cocktail party phenomenon
9
Q
Jamal is trying to buy something over the phone. He looks at his credit card number and puts the card back in his wallet. However, when he tries to repeat it to the sales clerk on the other end of the line, he can’t remember all 16 numbers. The most plausible explanation for his inability to remember all 16 numbers is:
A
George Miller’s magic number 7 rule
10
Q
A police officer is shot in a gun battle with bank robbers. Although emergency brain
surgery saves his life, it leaves him unable to remember and consequently, learn new
information. The officer’s family is applying to the state for compensation for his
injuries. When asked to provide a diagnosis of the difficulties he suffers, what will
they write?
A
Anterograde amnesia
11
Q
Teddy can remember only the first two items and the last two items on a nine-item
grocery list that his wife just read to him over the phone. What is this an example
of?
A
Serial position effect
12
Q
Caffeine is
A
addicting
13
Q
Which of the following is NOT an altered state of consciousness?
A
Concentration
14
Q
A well-rested individual typically feels fatigued
A
twice a day
15
Q
Which of the following is CORRECT concerning REM sleep deprivation?
A
REM sleep deprivation leads to increased time in REM sleep on subsequent nights of sleep.
16
Q
Walter Mischel performed an experiment involving working memory where a child
could have one marshmallow now or two if they waited for a short period of time.
He found that:
A
children who could wait for two marshmallows were shown to have lower BMI, lower
divorce rates, higher SAT scores, and were more likely to graduate from high school.
17
Q
Lunesta and Ambient have what in common?
A
Both act on the GABA system
18
Q
Your roommate Joe typically falls asleep during Sacrament Meeting, and in the
classes you take together, you notice he falls asleep in every lecture. You realize that
despite getting 8 hours of sleep at night, Joe seems chronically sleepy. Thus you are
not surprised to later learn that he has a sleep disorder known as
A
Narcolepsy
19
Q
What term do sleep researchers use to name stages 1-4 of sleep?
A
20
Q
Studies of the “Warrior Gene” and “The Cheater Gene” show that the behavioral
effects of the short allele:
A
21
Q
According to in-class lecture discussion and the text, what is the best explanation for
why individuals like Adolph Hitler, serial killer Ted Bundy, and Unabomber
Timothy McVeigh committed such terrible acts?
A
These individual’s behaviors are likely the result of the interaction of hereditary and environmental influences.
22
Q
A(n)____________ is a section of a gene inherited from one parent and modifies the
effectiveness of genetic production of a protein.
A
allele
23
Q
Kagan’s study of shy and bold children showed that
A
Shy boys were more likely than shy girls to become bold later in life.
24
Q
Emily and her husband are thrilled to see their future baby by means of an
ultrasound. The physician reports that the pregnancy appears normal, and that
their baby’s fingers, toes, heart, and circulatory system are developing as expected.
The couple learns that the baby is one-inch long. Given this information, the current
stage of prenatal development is the
A
embryonic period
25
Susan’s child has facial deformities, a smaller than normal head, heart defects,
minor physical anomalies, learning difficulties, and delayed growth. Her physicians
indicate that these defects can be traced to a teratogen used by Susan when she was
pregnant. Which of the following teratogens was she most likely abusing?
Alcohol
26
Your little brother has a big ball of clay. While he watches, you roll the ball of clay into a long snake-like shape. He begins to cry because he thinks he has less clay now. Which of Piaget's stages is your brother likely in?
Preoperational
27
As a freshman, one of the problems that Jaren Hall experienced in competing for
the Quarterback position is memorizing the playbook. According to Piaget’s theory,
memorizing the playbook is an example of:
Accomodation
28
Justin is a quiet child who has difficulty adapting to change and avoids strangers.
However, if he is introduced gradually to new people and situations, eventually he
will accept them without too much distress. Thomas and Chess would classify this
temperament as
slow-to-warmup
29
Mary Ainsworth’s experimental procedure called the ‘Strange Situation’ tested
what?
To study how mother's treatment of her infant affects infant attachment styles.
30
Harlow sought to discover why babies fall in love with their mothers. According to
his findings, the PRIMARY reason babies fall in love with their mother is:
she provides contact comfort
31
Which of the following statement concerning vaccinations is TRUE?
Vaccines are one of the most effective ways to prevent the transmission of the disease they treat.
32
Which of the following is FALSE concerning marijuana?
Studies fail to show a serious medical use for marijuana
33
Determine the accuracy of the following statement: Drug abuse is medically the same as drug addiction.
False, drug abuse can include interpersonal problems but doesn't necessarily include the physiological and psychological changes that are due to long-term drug use.
34
John’s wife Mary asks him to go to the grocery store to buy milk, orange juice,
bread, peanut butter, honey, butter, root beer, ice cream, and disposable cups.
Knowing what he learned about short-term memory, he thinks, “bread and what
goes on it, and root beer floats”. This strategy would be known as:
Chunking
35
Utah has one of the highest rates of prescription drug abuse in the country. The
MOST LIKELY explanation for this high rate of addiction is that:
It is harder to get narcotics in Utah because of state laws, so Mormons tend to resort to prescription drugs
36
According to lecture, which of the following is the most crucial factor for
maintaining addiction?
Physical withdrawals
37
According to lecture, when compared to the general population, PET scans of those
who are _______ show less activity in the pleasure center of the brain when in the
absence of their dependent substance.
Alcohol dependent, obese, and cocaine dependent
38
Nicotine is highly addictive because:
It is widely available, its delivery mechanism, and the smokers lose their ability to concentrate like others when blood nicotine levels are low.
39
Studies of the clock gene show
individuals may have a biological pre-dispositioin to be a "night person" or a "morning person."
40
Which of the following was NOT a basic principle of the effect of teratogens on the
developing fetus:
Maternal dosage, maternal individual differences, week of pregnancy, and type of substance.
41
Which of the following best describes the self-righting reflex?
Babies exposed to prenatal teratogens tend to "catch up" to their peers in terms of development over time
42
Riley has been sent to an addiction recovery center. Which drug is LEAST LIKELY
to be the cause of his admission?
LSD
43
A researcher found that pigeons will choose a small reward if it is instantly
available, even when a greater reward is available but requires waiting. If, however,
the pigeon can peck a light to turn off the instant reward it will obtain the larger
reward. His study in pigeons has its human parallel in which of the following
Walter Mischel's Marshmallow Test
44
Marijuana and caffeine both have one thing in common: they affect sleep by acting
on
Adenosine receptors
45
In lecture, we discussed that ______ is often found in fish that live to old age, such as
tuna. Therefore, the CDC recommends that pregnant women should________.
mercury; eat tuna no more than twice a week
46
In class, we discussed a genetic variation that leads to two types of individuals:
“Owls” and “Larks”. Which of the following DOES NOT explain how these
individuals differ?
47
Which of the following did Sapolsky discover in his study of baboons?
Low-ranking baboons showed fewer neurons in the hippocampus due to increased cortisol levels.
48
According to lecture, which of the following is FALSE concerning MDMA (ecstasy)?
MDMA is neuroprotective (attenuates neuron loss)
49
Dreaming is a:
state of altered consciousness
50
Which of the following substances is the most widely used psychoactive drug in the
world?
Caffeine
51
_____ influence(s) consciousness by altering brain neurotransmission:
Psychoactive drugs
52
Which is NOT an example of false memory syndrome?
Recalling a forgotten traumatic experience from your childhood
53
State dependent learning refers to:
studying for an exam while on amphetamines and then taking the exam on amphetamines
54
If you are awake and playing a game of trivia with your friends, a recording of your
EEG pattern would probably contain a considerable number of _____ waves.
beta
55
As discussed in class concerning pornography, which of the following is/are TRUE?
56
Which of the following is FALSE regarding stimulants?
Stimulants work by calming the sympathetic nervous system.
57
Defense attorneys often protest prosecutors’ use of eyewitness testimonies because:
memories can be "contaminated" causing an eyewitness to make a false identification
58
Which of the following is the most common adult parasomnia?
Bruxism (teeth grinding)
59
Which of the following substances can be taken to attenuate jet lag after arriving in
Europe?
Melatonin
60
As discussed in lecture, micro-sleep bouts often occur as a result of:
Sleep deprivation
61
1. In the video with Marc Yu, which of the following was not true:
62
2. In the University of Utah study of spirituality and the brain, which of the following was most likely to be activated when the returned missionaries indicated that they felt a spiritual experience by:
The nucleus accumbens and frontal cortex
63
According to research discussed in your textbook and in the video from class, becoming a more optimistic thinker begins with:
monitoring your own thinking and substantial refocusing on positive stimuli
64
Kinsey’s survey on sexuality showed that
sexual orientation is based on a 1-6 scale
65
Which of the following is a criticism of Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?
People who struggle with satisfying their lower needs may still satisfy their higher needs.
66
Which of the following is NOT true concerning child prodigies, such as Marc Yu?
67
Which of the following is NOT true regarding sexual orientation?
Homosexual men often wish that they had been born female
68
According to lecture, children with a shy temperament, anxiety, neuroticism, and pessimism are likely to have increased activity in which areas of the brain?
Right frontal lobe and amygdala
69
The study of the genetics and biochemistry of self-transcendence was important for understanding:
Why some people believe the gospel is true, while others know the gospel is true, gifts of the spirit according to D&C 46, and how to better minister to those who struggle to have spiritual experiences.
70
What did Raymond Cattell call the underlying traits that motivate the behavior we observe in individuals?
Source traits
71
Which of the following statements describes the relationship between temperament and personality?
Temperament, something one is born with, is the foundation upon which one’s personality is built.
72
Homosexual males are more likely to have a ____ 2D:4D ratio because of lower prenatal exposure to ____.
High; Testosterone
73
In the Swedish study of brain neurotransmitter effects on spirituality, researchers found that ______ was the biochemical most strongly associated with spirituality/self-transcendence
serotonin
74
Richard is attracted to the same sex and has been since he can remember. Although he often wishes that he was heterosexual, the fact that Richard is sexually attracted to men and not to women defines his sexual ________.
orientation
75
Spearman argues that there is an overall general, or “G” component of intelligence and that the specific intelligences discussed by Gardner are part of the overall makeup of general intelligence. Using what you learned in lecture and from the text, which of the following was NOT used as evidence that the specific intelligences discussed by Gardner are part of General Intelligence?
Scores on tests measuring “street smarts” are not correlated with overall general intelligence
76
According to William Stern, the IQ of a 10-year-old boy with a mental age of 12 would be:
120
77
According to the lecture on personality, which of the following statements would a trait theorist endorse?
Internal traits are most valuable for predicting the stability of behavior across time and over a variety of situations.
78
As shown in class, those with antisocial personality have decreased:
frontal cortex volume
79
According to the text and lecture, which of the following is NOT a reason or definition of an intellectual disability?
Measured behavioral and cognitive skills two standard deviations below a level appropriate for the person's age, developmental delay that results from prenatal exposure to teratogens, an IQ below 70, and maladaptive cognitions and problem that is 2 elementary school grades below chronological age.
80
Caleb is the first person in his family to get a college degree. His father dropped out of high school, his mother is unable to read well, and his siblings scored below average on a standardized IQ test. One explanation for his surprising success in school relates to the fact that studies show intelligence is about ________ heritable.
50-70%
81
On Kinsey’s scale of sexual orientation, a 6 would be assigned to a person who identifies as being:
Exclusively same-sex attracted
82
Which of the following is NOT true? Studies suggest that a person with high levels of hostility, anger, and an explosive temper is more likely to show ________ than the rest of the population.
High norepinephrine levels, high blood pressure, high testosterone, and die at an early age.
83
Which of the following is NOT true? In 2D to 4D finger ratio studies:
84
According to Costa and McCrae’s Five-Factor Model of Personality, individuals who are even-tempered, calm, and not perturbed during stressful situations would score LOW on which of the following Big Five Trait Dimensions?
Neuroticism
85
According to the text, which of the following were Kinsey and Janus most likely to agree on?
More than 2/3 of females, as well as males have masturbated.
86
Risk takers often have
87
John was adopted by a pair of loving gay male parents as an infant. Research shows that John is:
Neither more or less likely to be gay.
88
Gordon Allport is often referred to as the father of personality psychology. The major criticism of Allport’s research was:
Personality fails to predict behavior in many situations
89
While IQ shows a normal distribution, we discussed in class that there is an unexpected increase in the frequency of very high IQs at the far end of the bell-shaped curve. This was explained as a result of:
Assortive mating
90
Many parents would like to think their kids are geniuses. However, to be formally classified as a genius, one’s IQ score must be above __________, meaning one has an IQ more than two standard deviations above the mean of the normal curve of distribution.
130
91
Which of the following is LEAST likely the cause of the respective blip in the frequency of individuals at the low end of the IQ normal distribution curve
Low levels of income
92
What was the original purpose of the IQ test?
To identify children who may need educational remediation
93
Pick the answer that is INCORRECT: In Kagan’s study of shy, inhibited children, he found:
A shy child is more likely to develop schizophrenia as an adult.
94
It has been shown that people with Type A personalities are less likely to develop coronary heart disease if they can learn to:
control their hostility.
95
Those who have impulsive and violent personalities have.
low levels of serotonin
96
John 18:10—Then Simon Peter having a sword drew it, and smote the High Priest’s servant, and cut off his right ear? Knowing what you do about Peter, according to the psychologist Walter Mischel, this action by Peter is
97
If in a twin study of the personality trait optimism, a researcher found a concordance rate of 44% for monozygotic twins and a concordance rate of 20% for dizygotic twins, what would an astute researcher conclude?
There is both a genetic and environmental influence on optimism.
98
Researchers use twins to study genetic and environmental effects on intelligence and IQ scores because:
Each twin pair of monozygotic and fraternal twins share the same environment but differ in the percentage of genes shared.
99
Kinsey’s studies of sexuality are criticized because
the population he studied was prostitues and prisoners, not the typical American
100
According to studies that investigated optimism and pessimism which of the following is NOT true?
Optimists are less likely to suffer from learned helplessness
101
Which of the following factors is UNLIKELY to decreased telomere length?
sugar consumption
102
Carl Rogers emphasized accepting people for what they are, not for what you want them to become. According to this theory, this practice is called:
unconditional positive regard
103
What are the "Big Five" personality traits?
Openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism
104
The idea of multiple intelligences was first proposed by ________. He claimed there existed seven different kinds of intelligence but eventually added an eighth and ninth. Four of the nine proposed intelligences theorized by this psychologist are: verbal, logical, musical, and existential intelligence.
Howard Gardner
105
While taking the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), Version II, Vince notices that it contains certain questions that are asked several times in different ways. Which of the following best explains why the test has this feature?
The MMPI-2 contains repeated items to increase its reliability measure.
106
What two subsections make up the Wechsler intelligence tests?
Performance and verbal
107
Most scores of standardized tests of intelligence have a distribution that:
follows a normal curve
108
What is the lowest need in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
Physiological needs
109
Beliefs that being gifted or possessing genius levels of intelligence lead to being weird, socially awkward, or more likely to suffer from mental illnesses were put to rest by:
Terman’s Longitudinal Study (Terman’s “Termites”)
110
According to research, the brains of people who are high on pessimism exhibit:
Increased activity on the right side of the frontal cortex
111
The frequency with which Dr. Higley has had serious injuries is indicative that he is:
A sensation-seeker
112
The term that answers the question of if a person is a male or a female is:
Sexual identity
113
What is LEAST likely to be a source trait for behavior inhibition?
Staying close to a parent when new friends come to the house
114
Hopkins study of chimpanzees showed evidence for:
General intelligence
115
According to studies by Julianne Holt-Lundstad:
Loneliness increases blood pressure and the risk for heart attacks.
116
In class and in the text, we discussed that an IQ test that is given in grade school predicts high school GPA nearly a decade later. This demonstrates that IQ:
testing is both reliable and valid
117
Which test relies on the interpretation of inkblots to understand personality?
The Rorschach Test
118
The Yerkes-Dodson law purports
performance increases with physiological or mental arousal, but only up to a point
119
Studies show which of the following is true concerning IQ?
Children with high IQs are less likely to exhibit relationship problems later in life, Only about 2% of the population has an IQ above 130, On average, people with high IQs make more money than the normal population, and People with higher IQs are less likely to die from a variety of disease and accidents.
120
The Weschler and Stanford-Binet IQ tests are LEAST likely to correlate with which other measures:
Graduate School GPA
121
Which of the following terms do NOT belong together
Functionalism; natural selection
122
Lidia is a researcher studying attention and test performance. She hypothesizes that
listening to music while doing homework would increase focus. Her experiment has two
groups: a control group who listens to white noise and the experimental group listens to
Beethoven’s 5th Symphony while studying. They measure performance on the exam they are
studying for. In this case, what is the independent variable?
Listening to Beethoven
123
Jim goes on a date with Sue (who he really likes) and notices that she is wearing a
perfume scented with lavender. He is walking into the church and the bishop’s wife greets
him and he again notices the smell of lavender. Jim’s palms get sweaty and his blood
pressure rises and he can’t figure out why he’s having such a reaction to the smell. If you
are helping Jim better understand what is happening, you would most likely teach him
about which of the following psychological principles?
classical conditioning
124
Who was an early proponent of Functionalism?
William James
125
The cingulate gyrus lies just above the __________, and has it greatest influence in
regulating the__________:
corpus callosum/ amygdala
126
The homunculus refers to:
the proportional representation of brain areas that characterize the limbs, hand, feet,
and other areas of the body
127
I feed neurons, take out the trash, and form the skeleton of the brain. Which of the
following am I?
glial cells
128
You are riding your bike across campus when the BYU police blows his whistle at you
for you to stop. You are nervous and your heart pounds faster, your hands get sweaty, and
your cheeks feel hot, indicating your ________ is active.
sympathetic nervous system
129
Professor Beverly Jones injects two groups of monkeys with either 1. Nicotine or 2.
Placebo. She then uses an MRI to assess the activity of the pleasure center of the brain
measuring dopamine levels in both groups. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be
true of her research?
Her study is a correlational study, with no experimentally manipulated independent
variable.
130
Mary hates the loud repeated beeping sound that her car makes when the ignition key
is inserted and the car is started. To get rid of the sound, she quickly puts on her seat belt to
eliminate the irritating buzz. Which operant process does the example illustrate?
negative reinforcement
131
Many patients whom have a frontal cortex injury or a lobotomy show difficulties in
which of the following:
planning, controlling emotions, and impulse control
132
A young woman recovering from a blow to the head finds she has great difficulty
maintaining her balance and coordinating her movements. She finds she has to watch her
hand to pick up a pencil. Injury to which part of her brain is most likely to be causing her
difficulties? The :
Cerebellum
133
Sarah recently broke up with Brutis, the center on the basketball team. The first time
they kissed, Brutis was holding a basketball. As she walks by the sporting goods store in the
mall she sees a basketball for sale. She begins to pine and long for Brutis. The basketball
acted as a (an):
conditioned stimulus
134
As discussed in lecture, there are various reasons for using animal models for research.
Which of the following is NOT a valid reason?
Humans and animals possess similar structures in the brain, Ethically, we can do some forms of research on animals that we cannot on humans, Animals tend to have a shorter life span, and They can be selectively bred to study genetic effects.
135
Your brother bought a cuckoo clock because he thought, “it looked cool.” When you
visit home for Christmas, the first night at home you wake up often because you hear the
sound of the cuckoo clock every 30 minutes. After a few days you sleep soundly and the
clock no longer disturbs you. This phenomenon is known as:
habituation
136
For every 5 times that you go to the gym each week, you reward yourself with a treat.
This best illustrates which of the following schedules of reinforcement?
fixed ratio
137
Dr. Mosher is a psychologist who tries to understand the underlying reason why men
and women are attracted to each other and why their reasons for being attracted to some
seem so different between the sexes. She discovers that across cultures, males select females for their good health and youth, but females are more interested in males’ wealth and status. Dr. Mosher is most likely a(an):
evolutionary psychology
138
What psychologist would agree most with this statement, “In order to help a patient,
you must let them become his or her best self by helping them to be self-actualized.”:
Carl Rogers
139
When a graph is tightly clumped and increasing it is:
a strong positive correlation
140
An auto accident caused brain damage that forced Chris to rely on a respirator to
breathe. Which brain structure was most likely damaged in the accident?
medulla
141
Andy has decided to seek medical help for emotional, mood disturbances, and impulse
control problems. Which neurotransmitter is most likely involved in the problems Andy is
experiencing?
142
During an action potential, the electrical charge inside the neuron:
becomes positive when compared to the electrical charge outside the neuron
143
While studying the serotonin levels of monkeys, Dr. Higley noticed that monkeys with
low levels of serotonin were more likely to dangerously jump between trees. What does this study demonstrate? Why?
Correlation. No variables were manipulated.
144
Which of the following neurotransmitters is responsible for stimulating skeletal muscle
action?
Acetylcholine
145
Malcolm is studying alone in his room late at night when he hears a loud noise
downstairs. His heartbeat increases significantly and his breathing becomes shallow. He
wonders if a burglar has entered the house and decides to investigate. When he gets
downstairs he discovers his cat has knocked over a plant stand. His body begins to relax
and return to normal. Which part of his nervous system is responsible when Malcolm
returns to a normal state?
parasympathetic nervous system
146
Which of the following is known as a neuromodulator?
norepinephrine
147
Eating, drinking, sexual behavior, sleeping, and temperature control are most strongly
influenced by the:
hypothalamus
148
Drezden is a scientist who studies rats. Damage to the _______ is likely to result in a rat
that will show no fear when placed next to a cat.
amygdala
149
Joseph is knocked out and is diagnosed with a concussion. When he wakes up, he
recognizes his wife’s face and she introduces him to the neurologist who will test him. Later
when the neurologist returns to give Joseph the results of his neurological test, Joseph fails
to recognize him. Doctors are likely to check for damage to the:
hippocampus
150
Viagra and Cialis work on an unusual neurotransmitter because it is a gas. What is this neurotransmitter called:
Nitric oxide
151
Solve this analogy: ________ is to digestion as ________ is to picking up a pen.
autonomic nervous system; somatic nervous system
152
Researcher Roger Sperry won a Nobel Prize for his research on cortical hemisphere
communication. Sperry cut through the ________, which joins the two hemispheres of the
brain.
corpus callosum
153
______ disease accelerates the loss of dopamine cells in the _______.
154
Alan always turns the aquarium light on before putting fish food into the tank. After a
while he notices that the fish swim to the top of the tank after he turns on the light to look
for the food before he puts the food into the water. In this example, _____________ is the
conditioned stimulus.
aquarium light
155
Cameron touches a hot iron and immediately pulls his hand away, but only after a
half-a-second of pulling his hand away does he feel the delay. His quick response occurs
because:
156
Three times over the past month Blake washed his car. Each time he washed it, his
girlfriend told him how nice it looked and sat a little closer to him. What theory would best
explain why he now washes the car four times a week?
Thorndike's law of effect
157
Mary has damage to her cingulate. She is most likely to show the following behavioral
deficit:
difficulty inhibiting her emotions
158
After Little Albert’s experience with John Watson and his assistant, Little Albert
returns home. There he begins to cry when he sees the white family cat. His fear of the
family cat is an example of:
stimulus generalization
159
Most children and adults in Western societies are more likely to be afraid of a snail,
spider, or rat than an electrical outlet. This was explained in the text and class as an
example of:
biological preparedness
160
H.M had been victim to epilepsy his whole life and agreed to an experimental study in
which a portion of his brain would be removed. Unforeseen by the doctor, this surgery
affected HM’s ability to form new memories. What part of his brain was removed or
damaged in the operation?
hippocampus
161
Stephanie was diagnosed with breast cancer and receives chemotherapy in her
oncologist’s office. Although the treatment was successful, later when she comes for her
monthly check-up, she is filled with fear as she walks from the car into the office. This is an
example of:
a conditioned emotional response
162
In the study of high school football players, long-term brain damage to the brain was
most likely to occur in a football player who:
163
Joe owned a small repair shop that had a cash flow problem. Around 11:00 each day, he
would rush to check the mail to see if he had received payments from his customers. Some
days he would receive a check or two and other days he would not receive anything and
might even have to wait several days before he would receive a check. What schedule of
reinforcement is evident here?
variable interval
164
About 30 minutes after being bitten by a black widow spider, Jean starts to convulse.
This is a result of:
an inhibition of acetylcholine release to the muscles
165
The _________ is known as the mammalian brain.
frontal cortex
166
While watching the evening news, you see a story about domestic abuse and wonder,
"Why would anyone stay in a relationship where they are being abused?", but then you
remember that Martin Seligman found that one factor that may contribute to victims
staying in abusive relationships or bad marriages is:
learned helplessness
167
Alice regularly watches her father change the oil on their family car. One month, the
car needs an oil change, but Alice’s father is out of town. When Alice’s father returns, to
his surprise, he sees that Alice was able to do the oil change even though he didn’t realize
that she knew how. This is an example of:
latent learning
168
Owen had a stroke affecting the left hemisphere of his brain. After his stroke, he has
trouble producing words, speaks very slowly, and sometimes appears to stutter or struggle
to speak. What is a likely diagnosis for Owen’s condition?
Broca's aphasia
169
Phineas Gage was a railroad worker, who was well liked and friendly with his
coworkers and family. However, after he was severely injured when a railroad spike was
driven through his head, his entire demeanor changed. What portion of his brain was
injured?
frontal lobe
170
What is referred to as the master gland?
pituitary gland
171
Which of the following would most likely be the correlation coefficient for the
relationship between time studying for an exam and the score one receives on that exam?
+0.6
172
Rhonda had fish late one night. The next morning she was nauseated and sick for much
of the day. The next time she was offered the chance to go out for fish, she felt queasy and
declined. Her queasiness at the thought of eating fish was probably due to:
conditioned taste aversion
173
In the book, “The Man Who Thought His Wife Was a Hat”, Dr. Oliver Sachs described
people who had injuries to their temporal cortex and could not discriminate faces. This
condition is known as:
Prosopagnosia
174
Which of the following is NOT a function of the glial cells?
175
A disease of the myelin sheath that affects the neurons capacity to propagate a signal is:
Multiple Sclerosis
