Final Flashcards
The two names of sensory memory are:
iconic and echoic memory
Why do antihistamines cause drowsiness?
Histamine leads to increased brain activity and arousal
Richard finished his term paper and handed it in. As he walked out of the classroom, he remembered that there were a few more things he had forgotten that should have been included in the paper. Richard’s problem is most likely:
one of retrieval
When someone looks at an image, the retina receives the light rays and modifies them into neural messages that can be remembered later. This process is called:
encoding
Which of the following represents the first step of the information processing model of memory?
Information from sensory receptors is encoded
A display of lines of letters is flashed on a screen in front of you followed by a high tone, which signals to remember the first line. You immediately attempt to recall a portion of the first line but, when the tone was given 10 seconds later, you cannot remember the first line. According to George Sperling, which aspect of common memory is this experiment designed to assess?
Sensory memory
As a newly graduated registered nurse, Monica works a swing shift (two weeks of day shift and two weeks of graveyard shift). Her struggle to stay alert is probably due to an interruption of her usual:
circadian rhythm
Bethany is trying to focus on a conversation across the room during a party she is attending because she thinks she heard her name above the background noise of the party. Her ability to hear her name despite the background noise is due to the mechanism of:
cocktail party phenomenon
Jamal is trying to buy something over the phone. He looks at his credit card number and puts the card back in his wallet. However, when he tries to repeat it to the sales clerk on the other end of the line, he can’t remember all 16 numbers. The most plausible explanation for his inability to remember all 16 numbers is:
George Miller’s magic number 7 rule
A police officer is shot in a gun battle with bank robbers. Although emergency brain
surgery saves his life, it leaves him unable to remember and consequently, learn new
information. The officer’s family is applying to the state for compensation for his
injuries. When asked to provide a diagnosis of the difficulties he suffers, what will
they write?
Anterograde amnesia
Teddy can remember only the first two items and the last two items on a nine-item
grocery list that his wife just read to him over the phone. What is this an example
of?
Serial position effect
Caffeine is
addicting
Which of the following is NOT an altered state of consciousness?
Concentration
A well-rested individual typically feels fatigued
twice a day
Which of the following is CORRECT concerning REM sleep deprivation?
REM sleep deprivation leads to increased time in REM sleep on subsequent nights of sleep.
Walter Mischel performed an experiment involving working memory where a child
could have one marshmallow now or two if they waited for a short period of time.
He found that:
children who could wait for two marshmallows were shown to have lower BMI, lower
divorce rates, higher SAT scores, and were more likely to graduate from high school.
Lunesta and Ambient have what in common?
Both act on the GABA system
Your roommate Joe typically falls asleep during Sacrament Meeting, and in the
classes you take together, you notice he falls asleep in every lecture. You realize that
despite getting 8 hours of sleep at night, Joe seems chronically sleepy. Thus you are
not surprised to later learn that he has a sleep disorder known as
Narcolepsy
What term do sleep researchers use to name stages 1-4 of sleep?
Studies of the “Warrior Gene” and “The Cheater Gene” show that the behavioral
effects of the short allele:
According to in-class lecture discussion and the text, what is the best explanation for
why individuals like Adolph Hitler, serial killer Ted Bundy, and Unabomber
Timothy McVeigh committed such terrible acts?
These individual’s behaviors are likely the result of the interaction of hereditary and environmental influences.
A(n)____________ is a section of a gene inherited from one parent and modifies the
effectiveness of genetic production of a protein.
allele
Kagan’s study of shy and bold children showed that
Shy boys were more likely than shy girls to become bold later in life.
Emily and her husband are thrilled to see their future baby by means of an
ultrasound. The physician reports that the pregnancy appears normal, and that
their baby’s fingers, toes, heart, and circulatory system are developing as expected.
The couple learns that the baby is one-inch long. Given this information, the current
stage of prenatal development is the
embryonic period
Susan’s child has facial deformities, a smaller than normal head, heart defects,
minor physical anomalies, learning difficulties, and delayed growth. Her physicians
indicate that these defects can be traced to a teratogen used by Susan when she was
pregnant. Which of the following teratogens was she most likely abusing?
Alcohol
Your little brother has a big ball of clay. While he watches, you roll the ball of clay into a long snake-like shape. He begins to cry because he thinks he has less clay now. Which of Piaget’s stages is your brother likely in?
Preoperational
As a freshman, one of the problems that Jaren Hall experienced in competing for
the Quarterback position is memorizing the playbook. According to Piaget’s theory,
memorizing the playbook is an example of:
Accomodation
Justin is a quiet child who has difficulty adapting to change and avoids strangers.
However, if he is introduced gradually to new people and situations, eventually he
will accept them without too much distress. Thomas and Chess would classify this
temperament as
slow-to-warmup
Mary Ainsworth’s experimental procedure called the ‘Strange Situation’ tested
what?
To study how mother’s treatment of her infant affects infant attachment styles.
Harlow sought to discover why babies fall in love with their mothers. According to
his findings, the PRIMARY reason babies fall in love with their mother is:
she provides contact comfort
Which of the following statement concerning vaccinations is TRUE?
Vaccines are one of the most effective ways to prevent the transmission of the disease they treat.
Which of the following is FALSE concerning marijuana?
Studies fail to show a serious medical use for marijuana
Determine the accuracy of the following statement: Drug abuse is medically the same as drug addiction.
False, drug abuse can include interpersonal problems but doesn’t necessarily include the physiological and psychological changes that are due to long-term drug use.
John’s wife Mary asks him to go to the grocery store to buy milk, orange juice,
bread, peanut butter, honey, butter, root beer, ice cream, and disposable cups.
Knowing what he learned about short-term memory, he thinks, “bread and what
goes on it, and root beer floats”. This strategy would be known as:
Chunking
Utah has one of the highest rates of prescription drug abuse in the country. The
MOST LIKELY explanation for this high rate of addiction is that:
It is harder to get narcotics in Utah because of state laws, so Mormons tend to resort to prescription drugs
According to lecture, which of the following is the most crucial factor for
maintaining addiction?
Physical withdrawals
According to lecture, when compared to the general population, PET scans of those
who are _______ show less activity in the pleasure center of the brain when in the
absence of their dependent substance.
Alcohol dependent, obese, and cocaine dependent
Nicotine is highly addictive because:
It is widely available, its delivery mechanism, and the smokers lose their ability to concentrate like others when blood nicotine levels are low.
Studies of the clock gene show
individuals may have a biological pre-dispositioin to be a “night person” or a “morning person.”
Which of the following was NOT a basic principle of the effect of teratogens on the
developing fetus:
Maternal dosage, maternal individual differences, week of pregnancy, and type of substance.
Which of the following best describes the self-righting reflex?
Babies exposed to prenatal teratogens tend to “catch up” to their peers in terms of development over time
Riley has been sent to an addiction recovery center. Which drug is LEAST LIKELY
to be the cause of his admission?
LSD
A researcher found that pigeons will choose a small reward if it is instantly
available, even when a greater reward is available but requires waiting. If, however,
the pigeon can peck a light to turn off the instant reward it will obtain the larger
reward. His study in pigeons has its human parallel in which of the following
Walter Mischel’s Marshmallow Test
Marijuana and caffeine both have one thing in common: they affect sleep by acting
on
Adenosine receptors
In lecture, we discussed that ______ is often found in fish that live to old age, such as
tuna. Therefore, the CDC recommends that pregnant women should________.
mercury; eat tuna no more than twice a week
In class, we discussed a genetic variation that leads to two types of individuals:
“Owls” and “Larks”. Which of the following DOES NOT explain how these
individuals differ?
Which of the following did Sapolsky discover in his study of baboons?
Low-ranking baboons showed fewer neurons in the hippocampus due to increased cortisol levels.
According to lecture, which of the following is FALSE concerning MDMA (ecstasy)?
MDMA is neuroprotective (attenuates neuron loss)
Dreaming is a:
state of altered consciousness
Which of the following substances is the most widely used psychoactive drug in the
world?
Caffeine
_____ influence(s) consciousness by altering brain neurotransmission:
Psychoactive drugs
Which is NOT an example of false memory syndrome?
Recalling a forgotten traumatic experience from your childhood
State dependent learning refers to:
studying for an exam while on amphetamines and then taking the exam on amphetamines
If you are awake and playing a game of trivia with your friends, a recording of your
EEG pattern would probably contain a considerable number of _____ waves.
beta
As discussed in class concerning pornography, which of the following is/are TRUE?
Which of the following is FALSE regarding stimulants?
Stimulants work by calming the sympathetic nervous system.
Defense attorneys often protest prosecutors’ use of eyewitness testimonies because:
memories can be “contaminated” causing an eyewitness to make a false identification
Which of the following is the most common adult parasomnia?
Bruxism (teeth grinding)
Which of the following substances can be taken to attenuate jet lag after arriving in
Europe?
Melatonin
As discussed in lecture, micro-sleep bouts often occur as a result of:
Sleep deprivation
- In the video with Marc Yu, which of the following was not true:
- In the University of Utah study of spirituality and the brain, which of the following was most likely to be activated when the returned missionaries indicated that they felt a spiritual experience by:
The nucleus accumbens and frontal cortex
According to research discussed in your textbook and in the video from class, becoming a more optimistic thinker begins with:
monitoring your own thinking and substantial refocusing on positive stimuli
Kinsey’s survey on sexuality showed that
sexual orientation is based on a 1-6 scale
Which of the following is a criticism of Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?
People who struggle with satisfying their lower needs may still satisfy their higher needs.
Which of the following is NOT true concerning child prodigies, such as Marc Yu?
Which of the following is NOT true regarding sexual orientation?
Homosexual men often wish that they had been born female
According to lecture, children with a shy temperament, anxiety, neuroticism, and pessimism are likely to have increased activity in which areas of the brain?
Right frontal lobe and amygdala
The study of the genetics and biochemistry of self-transcendence was important for understanding:
Why some people believe the gospel is true, while others know the gospel is true, gifts of the spirit according to D&C 46, and how to better minister to those who struggle to have spiritual experiences.
What did Raymond Cattell call the underlying traits that motivate the behavior we observe in individuals?
Source traits
