Final Flashcards
How does the moon affect the tides?
The moon never truly orbits the earth, earth and moon together orbits the center. Tidal bulges occurs due to centrifugal force and the moons gravity.
Spring tide definition
When the sun earth and moon align. Happens twice per month and causes large tides
Neap tide
When the sun is 90 degrees to the sun/earth axis. Happens twice a monthly and causes smaller tides.
Perigean spring tides
When the moon is closest to earth. Huge tides occur
Tides
The periodic movement of the sea generated by gravitational attraction of the sun, moon, and hydrosphere.
What are some reasons for the sea level rise.
Ocean is absorbing heat due to climate change.
Flood tide
Sea level rises daily
Ebb tide
Sea level falls daily
Intertidal zone
The area periodically covered and uncovered by the tide.
What are some challenges of living in the intertidal?
Wave action, sun exposure, substrate type, slope, desiccation, salinity swings, temp swings, marine predators, terrestrial and aerial predators.
Subtidal/sublittoral zone
Area permanently covered by sea.
Splash zone
Never covered by sea but influenced by it’s splash
What are the six intertidal subzones
Black zone, barnacle zone, rockweed zone, irish moss zone, blue mussel zone, and kelp zone.
What are some species that live in the black zone
Cyanobacteria and periwinkles
What species live in the barnacle zone
Barnacles, periwinkles, limpets, dog wheels, and blue mussels.
What species live in the rockweed zone?
Brown algae, bladder wrack, periwinkles, and limpets
What species live in the Irish moss zone?
Red algae, isopods, and amphipods
What species live in the blue mussel zone?
Blue mussels, sea stars, and whelks
What species live in the kelp zone?
Kelp, limpets, mussels, isopods, amphipods, crabs, lobsters, and sea stars.
What species have the run and hide adaptation?
Crabs, butterfish, decopods
What species use the tidal pools to survive the intertidal?
Anemones, sea pork, and urchins
What species clam up as an adaptation?
Clams, mussels, barnacles, limpets, bivalves, and snails
What species dry up as an adaptation?
Mollusks and brown algae
Describe the black zone
Upper most zone. It is covered by spring tides every two weeks. Blue green algae and lichens give rocks there black color.
Barnacles zone
Covered and uncovered twice daily. Tides deliver food
Rockweed zone
Brown algae called irish moss dominates this zone. It can form a spongy carpet.
Blue mussel zone
Blue mussels are very common. Zone is mostly submerged in water
Kelp zone
Lowest zone, may be uncovered every two weeks. Kelp a brown algae dominates this zone.
Wetland
A transitional habitat. Major source of policy.
Three wetland characteristics
Shallow water or saturated soils at some time during the year. Accumulate slowly decomposing organic matter. Plants and animals adapted to the saturated conditions.
What are some ecosystem services of a wetland?
Marginal wetland
Soils are inorganic and are overlaid by organic. Rivers, lakes, and the sea provide source water.
Fringed wetland
A type of marginal wetland that has a constant water supply.
Flood wetland
A type of marginal wetland
Mires
Independent of water bodies. Gets source water from rain or runoff
Minerotrophic fen
A type of mire fed by ground water and surface runoff.
Ombotrophic bog
Above the water table and fed by rainfall
Marsh
USA: dominated by trees. Europe: above the water table
Swamp
USA: dominated by non woody vegetation. Europe: at or just below the water table.
Three things needed for wetland delineation
Hydrology: where is the water table, soil: is there gleying. Plant life: are there plants that can only survive in a wetland?
