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Biology Final > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Hydrogen bonds stable

A

Ice

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2
Q

Hydrogen bonds break and reform

A

Liquid

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3
Q

Water and othersubstances

A

Adhesion

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4
Q

Water and water

A

Cohesion

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5
Q

4 rings

A

Sterol

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6
Q

Removes water molecule to form a new bond

A

Dehydration reaction

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7
Q

Adds water to break down a bond

A

Hydrolysis

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8
Q

Long skinny chain

A

Glycogen

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9
Q

Long ch chain

A

Fatty acid

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10
Q

Copy one of the two strands to make messenger RNA

A

RNA polymerase

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11
Q

Organizes proteins that are transported to other parts of the cell

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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12
Q

Special way for protein to get into the nucleus and for ribosomes to get out

A

Nuclear envelope

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13
Q

Receptors capture in a bubble and dumped into the lysosome

A

Endocytosis

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14
Q

Breaks down nucleic acid, lipids, polysaccharides, and proteins

A

Lysosomes

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15
Q

Cellular respiration

A

Mitochondrion

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16
Q

Photosynthesis and thylakoid membrane

A

Chloroplast

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17
Q

Carries motor proteins

A

Microtubles

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18
Q

Water passes but sugar can’t pass

A

Osmotic pressure

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19
Q

Water can go through but charged ions can’t

A

Simple diffusion

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20
Q

Energy is released

A

Exergonic

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21
Q

Input energy

A

Endergonic

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22
Q

Breaks down to make energy

A

Catabolic

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23
Q

Building up process

A

Anabolic

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24
Q

Energy of sunlight

A

Photosynthesis

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25
Q

Reaction occur in thylakoid

A

Light reaction

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26
Q

Uses co 2 and sugar comes out

A

Calvin-benson cycle

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27
Q

So slow that needs to make so much

A

Rubisco

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28
Q

Co2 uses pep and oxaloacetate to make sugar

A

C4 photosynthesis

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29
Q

Co 2 uses organic acid at night and make sugar at day

A

Cam photosynthesis

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30
Q

Chromosome alignment

A

Metaphase

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31
Q

Chromosomes go to opposite directions

A

Anaphase

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32
Q

Rule that says only 1 from mom and 1 from dad

A

Homologous chromosomes

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33
Q

Made up of two of these and makes a X shape

A

Sister chromatids

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34
Q

No homologous and sister chromatids separate

A

Mitosis metaphase and anaphase

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35
Q

Homologs separate

A

Meiosis anaphase 1

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36
Q

Sister chromatids separate

A

Meiosis 2

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37
Q

True breeding and pp or PP

A

Homozygous

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38
Q

Pp

A

Heterozygous

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39
Q

None are dominant

A

Incomplete dominance

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40
Q

Blood type inheritance

A

Codominance

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41
Q

One Gene affects that of another

A

Epistasis

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42
Q

Abnormal number of particular chromosomes

A

Aneuploidy

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43
Q

Signaling molecule that are received by the cell and provide life to the cell

A

Ligand

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44
Q

Binds to signaling molecule and receives signals

A

Receptor protein

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45
Q

Pathway converting signal to response

A

Signal transduction

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46
Q

Long distance signaling

A

Endocrine signaling

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47
Q

Medium distance signaling

A

Paracrine signaling

48
Q

Short distance signaling

A

Contact-dependent pathway

49
Q

Short distance and sensory neurotransmitters

A

Synaptic signaling

50
Q

Receptors for taste, order, and see light

A

Gpcr

51
Q

GDP goes out of molecule and gtp comes in

A

G-proteins

52
Q

Process where a cell becomes more specialized in structure and function

A

Differentiation

53
Q

Potential fate become more limited until cell is committed to one fate

A

Cell Determination

54
Q

Give rise to any tissue within embryo or extra embryonic in an organism

A

Totipotent

55
Q

Give rise to all cells in adult not the extra embryonic tissues to placenta

A

Pluripotent

56
Q

Give rise to limited number of cells

A

Multipotent

57
Q

Give rise to any single cell type

A

Unipotent

58
Q

Why is caenorhabditis elegans so popular to use

A

It is easy to work with

59
Q

Opening for eggs to emerge

A

Vulva

60
Q

Ventral

A

Front side where stomach is

61
Q

Dorsal

A

Back side

62
Q

Mutation that leads to a body part in the wrong location

A

Homeric mutants

63
Q

What is the 4 levels of the body

A

Cell, tissue, organ, and organ system

64
Q

Types of junctions in tissues

A

Tight junction, adherens junction, desmosome, hemidesmosome, gap junction

65
Q

4 main types of tissues in organs

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

66
Q

Endocrine system function

A

Produce hormones that travel thru the blood and bind to the receptor

67
Q

Nervous system function

A

Transmits electrical impulses along the nerve cells

68
Q

Change in a variable that triggers a response that counteracts the change. Hint: 2 circles

A

Negative Feedback

69
Q

Immune system function

A

Recognize and kills pathogens

70
Q

Innate immunity

A

Rapid response

71
Q

Adaptive immunity

A

Slower response

72
Q

Phagocytes

A

Eat pathogens

73
Q

Macrophages and dendritic cells

A

Antigen-presenting

74
Q

Neutrophils

A

Killers (Micheal myers)

75
Q

Organs in the immune system

A

Thymus, spleen, lymphatic system, lymph nodes

76
Q

Mature in the thymus

A

T cells

77
Q

Mature in the bone marrow

A

B cells

78
Q

Substances that can obtain a response from B or T cells

A

Antigens

79
Q

Receptors on T or B cells that bind antigens

A

Antigen receptors

80
Q

Part of an antigen that binds a particular antigen receptor

A

Epitope

81
Q

Secreted forms of the B cell receptor

A

Antibodies

82
Q

What do the memory cells do

A

Remembers the antigen

83
Q

What do plasma cells do

A

Secrete antibodies

84
Q

What do helper t cells do

A

Help strengthen B cells

85
Q

Digestive system function

A

Obtain nutrients for the body

86
Q

What are the 4 main nutrients

A

Vitamins, minerals, amino acids, fatty acids

87
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

Break food into smaller pieces

88
Q

Chemical digestion

A

Enzymes break nutrient molecules

89
Q

Major energy source

A

Glucose

90
Q

Central organ

A

Heart

91
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

To lungs

92
Q

Systemic circuit

A

To everywhere

93
Q

Diastole

A

Relaxation phase

94
Q

Atrial systole

A

Blood flow to ventricles and atria contracts

95
Q

Ventricular systole

A

Blood flow to arteries and ventricles contract

96
Q

Artery

A

Takes blood from the heart to other tissues

97
Q

Capillaries

A

Gas exchange occurs

98
Q

Veins

A

Takes blood from body to the heart

99
Q

Red blood cells protein

A

Hemoglobin

100
Q

Diffusion of water thru a selectively-permeable membrane

A

Osmosis

101
Q

When blood cell loses water and shrinks

A

Hypersmotic

102
Q

Blood cell has too much water and bursts

A

Hypoosmotic

103
Q

Renal artery

A

Brings blood into the kidney

104
Q

Renal vein

A

Brings blood out of kidney

105
Q

Renal cortex

A

Outer region

106
Q

Renal medulla

A

Inner region

107
Q

Afferent

A

Blood going in nephron

108
Q

Efferent

A

Blood going out of nephron

109
Q

Glomerulus

A

Filtration

110
Q

Endocrine glands in brain

A

Pineal gland and pituitary gland

111
Q

Antidioretic hormone ( ADH )

A

Regulate water absorption

112
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Decision making and speech

113
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Touch

114
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Seeing

115
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Hearing

Biology Final (1 decks)

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