Final Flashcards
Natural or Manmade: Wool
Natural
Natural or Manmade: Silk
Natural
Natural or Manmade: Cotton
Natural
Natural or Manmade: Alpaca
Natural
Natural or Manmade: Cashmere
Natural
Natural or Manmade: Linen
Natural
Natural or Manmade: Hemp
Natural
Natural or Manmade: Spandex/Lycra
Manmade
Natural or Manmade: Polyester
Manmade
Natural or Manmade: Nylon
Manmade
Natural or Manmade: Acrylic
Manmade
Natural or Manmade: Acetate
Manmade
Natural or Manmade: Rayon
Manmade
Abrasion Resistance
Ability to withstand rubbing
Strength
ability to withstand stress
Absorbency
Ability to absorb moisture
Elasticity
Can stretch and return to original state
Luster
Light reflects off surface
Texture
Can feel the surface
Resiliency
Can spring back to shape
does not wrinkle/crease
Cover
Ability to cover or conceal an area
Hand
How it feels to touch
Drape
The way fabric hangs over a 3-d Figure
Pilling
Tiny balls that form on the surface of the fabric
Wicking
ability to transfer moisture from one area to another
Flammability
Ability to burn or ignite
Spun/Staple Yarn
spun/twisted together to make a continuous length of yarn. Natural and manmade, have a hairy, fuzzy appearance, are not uniform and provide warmth, softness, bulk
Filament Yarns
Made of continuous strands of fiber that are slightly twisted. Composed of manufactured or silk fibers that are Smooth, fine, high luster, more uniform, stronger than spun yarn.
Novelty Yarns
Yarns that are not uniform, have deliberate irregularities on their surfaces, and are used to create textures with texture and a creative look
Carded Yarns
Done to help clean them and make the fibers straight and parallel (sliver) to become a yarn
A low cost yarn process creates a fuzzy yarn
Combed Yarns
More expensive process creating a smoother/softer/straighter yarn
Additional process after carding
Adds some luster to yarn
Fine shirting, fine bedding sheets
Space Dyed yarn
Yarn is dyed in spaces, like every half inch in length to make multi colored yarn
Thread Count
The number of warp and filling yarns within 1 inch of fabric
Plain Weave
One warp yarn passes over one filling/weft yarn. Simplest, least expensive and most used weave, found in half of the woven fabrics
Twill Weave
One or more warp yarns woven over and under one or more filling/weft yarns. Creates strong fabrics like denim and chino. Has a left and right hand twill.
Warp Yarns
The lengthwise yarns in a woven fabric
Weft/Filling yarns
The width wise yarns in a woven fabric
Velvet fabric
A type of pile woven fabric. Made of 100% Cotton spun yarns, has a nap direction on the pile
Jacquard fabric
A type of woven fabric. Made of 100% cotton spun yarns, decorative (usually floral) design used in upholstery
Pile Weaves
Pile fabrics that have a raised, hair-like or fur-like surface produced with an extra set of yarns = pile
Wales
Columns of stitches that run vertically through knit fabrics
Courses
Rows of stitches that run width-wise through knit fabrics
Warp Knits
A type of knitting where yarns traverse in a zigzag manner and run along length of fabric. do not have as much stretch and do not snag ex. mesh fabric
Weft Knits
Warp knits do not have as much stretch and do not snag ex. mesh fabric. Have good stretch and recovery but can snag and run. Ex: Sweaters tshirts, leggings
Jersey Knits
Most generalized, basic knits, used in tshirts and the front and back are not the same.
Rib Knit
Double knit, both sides look the same, Visible vertical lines
Natural Dyes
Come from insects, plants, vegetables, done in small batches, best with natural fabrics, and better for the environment
Synthetic Dyes
chemicals combined to create any color on textile, used for large quantities and done in factories,
Colorfastness
Where color in a textile does not change or fade when exposed to certain conditions
Colorfastness to washing
Where color comes off of a garment after being washed. The color may bleed onto other clothes or fade. Good colorfastness means it does not change or fade
Labdips
sample swatches of the dyed material (ex. fabric or yarn) that match the Pantone color chip reference
Dyelots
dyed yardage from the bulk production
Yarn Dyed Fabric
Yarns are dyed before being woven or knit together. Same pattern on face and back of fabric/reversible
Better quality design than printing
Good colorfastness
Expensive fabric
Found in blouses, dresses, fine dress shirts
Strike Off
first sample yardage of the printed fabric for approval by the designer prior to production printing
Advantages of digital printing
-Designs are very realistic and graphic-like/photographs printed onto fabric
-Can make large ranges of colors
-Great design flexibility
-Use for small lots of fabrics, custom prints, samples
Functional Finish
improve the performance properties of fabrics
Ex: Antimicrobial, softening
Aesthetic Finishes
Change the fabric’s appearance and hand
Ex: Calendaring (produces a smooth, flat, ironed finish by passing the fabric through a series of rollers), napping, acid wash in jeans
PU comes from where
PU or Polyurethane is a plastic film made of long chains of molecules called polymers
-Formed in liquid state and then hardened to create a thin sheet like fabric
Leather
The skin of an animal, bird or reptile with the hair or fiber removed
Skins of large animals = hides
Skins of smaller animals = skins
Real vs Fake leather
Leather – must be marked ‘genuine leather’
Smell – animal-like
Price $$$
Handfeel – softer, supple
Faux Fur
Made from acrylic, polyester
Made from a knit with pile from sliver
The back is a knit and then sliver fiber is added to the knitting machine to create the pile, then heavily brushed
Fur
The skin of an animal with the fiber or hair attached
Fur Pelt
Skin of the animal with the hair attached.
Ex: fox, mink, and chinchilla
Where does Silk come from?
silkworms when they spin themselves into a cocoon. That cocoon is boiled in hot water until it unravels
Contact Fabrics
Textiles that are used in commercial places like office buildings, hotels, airports, stores, schools, spas, etc.
Upholstery fabrics need what finishes
Flame and stain resistance
Burnout Fabrics
Made by using acid chemical that eats away at a specific design or area of the fabric in order to make it shear/transparent
