Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Juvenile Justice System > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

1
Q

Vicarious Strain

A

real life strains experienced by others around the individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Anticipated Strain

A

individuals expectation that current strains will continue into the future or new strains will be experienced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

4 Types of Child Maltreatment

A

Physical and Sexual abuse, neglect, medical neglect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Abuse and Neglect

A

inattention to the basic needs of a child, including inappropriate supervision, adequate clothing or proper nutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

3 Components of Child Abuse Laws

A
  • criminal definitions and penalties
  • a mandate to report suspected cases
  • a civil process for removing the child from the abusive or neglectful environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Connection between child abuse and delinquincy

A
  • Being abused or neglected as a child increases the likelihood of arrest as a juvenile by 59%
  • Maltreated children were younger at their first arrest and committed twice as many offenses and arrested more frequently
  • physically abused children are more likely to commit a violent crime
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

connection between female offenders and victimization

A

girls are maltreated more frequently than boys and victimized people are more likely to perpetrate violence
- women are more likely to enter the system because of relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Youth Suicide Cases

A
  • exploitation by predatory adults
  • involvement in criminal activity
  • drug abuse
  • unsafe sex
  • health problems
    MOST COMMON: untreated depression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

risk factor

A

personal traits, characteristics of the environment, or conditions in the family, school, or community that are linked to youth’s likelihood of engaging in delinquency and other problem behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Static Risk Factor

A

Something you can’t change (criminal record)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Dynamic Risk Factor

A

something that can be changed (substance use)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Gangs and Characteristics

A
  • 3 or more members
  • ages 12-24
  • name/sense of identity generally indicated by symbols such as style of clothing, graffiti and hand signals
  • elevated level of involvement in delinquent criminal activities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Broken Windows Theory

A

a theory proposing that even small acts of crime, disorder, and vandalism can threaten a neighborhood and render it unsafe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

5 Strategies of the OJJDP Comprehensive Gang Model

A
  1. community mobilization
  2. opportunities provision
  3. social intervention
    4.s uppression
  4. organizational change and development
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

status offenses

A

offenses that are only illegal for minors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

youth arrest vs. youth taken into custody

A

saying a “youth is taken into custody” is significantly less stigmatizing language

17
Q

role of a school resource officer

A

preventing juvenile delinquency and improving community relations

18
Q

principles of restorative justice

A

balanced consideration of:
- community protection
- offender accountability
- competency development

19
Q

role of a prosecutor

A

responsible for negotiating the disposition of all but the most serious juvenile delinquent cases

20
Q

four principles of effective intervention

A

risk principle - target higher risk offender (WHO)
need principle - target criminogenic risk or need factors (WHAT)
treatment principle - target behavioral approaches (HOW)
fidelity principle - implement program as designed (HOW WELL)

21
Q

role of a guardian at litiem

A

represents youths and their best interests (usually an attorney, but could be anyone who is concerned about the youth’s best interest)

22
Q

blended sentence

A

Blend juveniles and adult sanctions and extend their jurisdiction beyond traditional age boundary
- if they do well until they are 21, then they can be released for their adult sentence. if they do not, then they will be sent to adult prison on their 21st birthday and will have to serve their adult sentence

23
Q

role of a probation officer

A
  • usually the first court official to have contact with the child
  • often recommends informal disposition to the court
  • in serious cases, their recommendations paired with the SW’s often become the court order
24
Q

graduated sanction priniciples

A

penalties for delinquent activity should move from limited intervention to more restrictive (the crime matches the time)
- enhance accountability
- ensure public safety
- reduce recidivism by preventing future behavior

25
Q

four components of graduated sanction

A
  • certainty - responds to every infraction
  • speed - the response is swift
  • consistency - similar infractions receive similar responses
  • neutrality - responses are objective, impartial reactions to the offense
26
Q

re-entry

A

the process of transitioning juvenile offenders from custody back into community

27
Q

numerator approach

A

focuses on individuals and symptoms

28
Q

corrective prevention

A

focuses on eliminating conditions that lead to or cause criminal behavior

29
Q

punitive prevention

A

relies on the threat of punishment to forestall criminal behavior

30
Q

mechanical prevention

A

directed toward “target hardening” which makes it difficult or impossible to commit offenses (locks on doors, bars on windows, etc.)

31
Q

multi-dimensional family foster care

A

usually these are long-time foster parents
- the judge makes the decision to send a chid here rather than back to their home
- short term, child works with the foster family and their biological family
- 64% no rearrest

32
Q

nurse family partnership

A
  • nurse is embedded in the home life of a young parent with a child
  • teaches parenting skills
  • aims to prevent cyclical nature of violence or broken family structure
33
Q

multi-systemic therapy

A

intensive family therapy
- therapist is on call 24/7 and meets with the family for therapy 3-4 times a week
- parents have to set goals
- very strict structure and highly measurable

34
Q

diversion and purpose

A

purpose of diversion is to connect youths back to their community, provide them prosocial skills, problem solving and a structured environment

35
Q

Pro-social skills

A

skills that are voluntary and intend to benefit others, such as sharing, helping, and cooperating

36
Q

core correctional practices for staff

A
  • building relationships
  • effective reinforcement
  • effect disapproval
  • effective use of authority
37
Q

core correctional practices for juvenile

A
  • prosocial modeling
  • cognitive restructuring
  • structured skills
  • problem solving
38
Q

OJJDP six principles for preventing delinquent conduct

A
  1. strengthen families to instill moral values & guidance/support
  2. support core institutions like school/social organizations in order to reduce risk factors

3.promote delinquency prevention strategies that reduce the impact of risk factors

  1. intervene immediately when delinquent behavior occurs
  2. broad spectrum of graduated sanctions that provide accountability and services that respond appropriately to individual needs of the offender
  3. identity and control small segments of serious, chronic and violent juvenile offenders

Juvenile Justice System (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions