Final Flashcards
Global health
- The optimal Well being of all humans from the individual and collective perspective is a Fundemental human right.
The principles of primary healthcare
a. accessibility
b. Public participation
c. health promotion
d. Intersectoral cooperation
e. Use of appropriate technology
Leading Global heath challenges
Poverty
Preventable childhood illness
malnutrition
Pregnancy-related diseases
War
impending pandemics
Unsafe Water
natural man-made disasters.
Human rights abuses
UN SDG
Commitment oF all nations to contribute a more equitable distribution or health resources within and between nations
Guide to effective teaching /learning
- allow people to direct the process
- Know other’s perspective
- Be aware or others context
- Build on what they know
- Be realistic in terms of goals
- Present in a logical order.
Health literacy
is the ability to access, understand, evaluate, and communicate as a way to promote, maintain and improve health in a variety of settings throughout life.
Health promotion
- “Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health
- basic strategies: advocate (to boost the factors that encourage health.), enable (allowing all people to achieve health equity) mediate (through collaboration across all sectors)
Epidemiology
- The study or distribution and determinants of heath, disease, or injury in human populations.
- The application of this study to the control of these issues
Epidemiology Terms
Terms
L. Mortality: # or deaths within specified populations
2. Morbidity: # of illnesses
3. Incidence: # of new cases in a specipied time period.
4. Prevalence: # of people affected
5. Epidemic: more cases of disease than expected
6. Endemic: rate or occurence that is normal for a population
7. Pandemic: “ “geographically widspread
8. Surveillance: monitor/track occurences or disease
Harm and risk reduction:
Health risk and appraisal
provide an estimate of health threats to which clients may be vulnerable because of Family history, lifestyle, and environment.
Harm and risk reduction: Risk appraisal
can focus on one specific disease, or be general, focusing on the usual 9-10 leading causes of death.
Harm and risk reduction: Risk factors
any situation, habit, environmental condition, physiological condition that increases the vulnerability of an indlividual or group to an illness, injury, or accident.
Harm risk reduction: Risk reduction
a disease prevention strategy to reduce or alter health concerns before they get out of hand.
Harm risk reduction: Harm reduction
decrease health consequences without having to remove the risk behaviour.
Harm risk reduction: categories of risk factors
Genetic and physiological, behavioral, psychosocial, risk conditions (socioeconomic, environmental)
Pros and cons of risk approach
Pro
a. May lead to improvement in health a
b. May mativate behavioural change
c. Provides reliable infomation (disease info)
Con:
a: Does not consider context
b. May lead to anxiety and guilt
C. Mortality predictors maynot be accurate
Teaching and learning: Teaching and learning process
1 Gather data,
2. Identify learning needs
3. Develop a teaching plan
4. Implement teaching
5. Evaluate effectiveness
What is it important to consider in teaching and learning?
Readiness to learn, motivation to learn, and ability to learn
Commissioners report MMIWG
- Abuse and violence was the root cause behind the rates of violence against indigenous women and girls. Final report has more than 2,350 truths
Trauma informed approach
1. trauma awareness
2. Emphasis on safety and trustworthiness
3. Opportunity For choice collaboration and connection
4. Empowerment and strength building.
Orange shirt day
- Founder Phyllis Webstad
- September 30th
- orange shirt day symbolizes the culture, language, and Freedom taken away From indigenous children.
- Bring awareness of intergenerational trauma
- Honour survivours
Four seasons
-The indian act was implemented in 1876
- Two Row Wampum is the first agreement between Europeans and indigenous nations
- Canadas foundation is influenced by British, French and indigenous peoples.
- Canada officially removed its objector against UNDRIP in 2016
- The peace and friendship treaties still legally apply in Canada.
Cultural assessment
- Awareness: Being aware of cultural differences and how that can effect patient care
- Competence: The explicit use of culturally based care and health knowledge in sensitive, creative, and meaningful was to fit the general life ways of individuals or groups
- Sensitivity: The knowledge, awareness, and acceptance of other cultures and cultural identities.
4 Diversity: The practice of including people from a range of social and ethnic backgrounds, and /or different genders/ sexual orientation
National day For truth and reconciliation.
- It was created in reaponse to call to action #80
- Occurs september 30th and began in 2021
- Many suffer from PTSD and intergenerational trauma.
- The day reflects on the history or injustices committed against indigenous peoples.
- Survivours wanted recognition, reparations, and demanded accountability for the harm caused by residential schools.
Calls to action
- The 94 calls to action are actionable policy recommendations meant to aid the healing process in two way;
1. acknowledging the rull, horrifying history of residential schools system,
2. and creating systems to prevent these abuses from happening again. - Education calls to action 6-12
- language and culture calls to action 18-17
- Health calls to action 18-24
- Justice in legal system calls to action 29-42
- Reconciliation calls to action 43-78
- Indigenous commemoration calls to action 79-83
UNDRIP
(United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples)
- Adopted by the UN on September 13, 2007.
- Created to constitute the minimum, standards for the, survival, dignity, and well-being of the indigenous peoples of the world.
- UNDRIP protects indigenous people’s rights and addresses rights not covered under the human rights charter.
- Countries, that originally rejected UNDRIP: Canada, United States. Australia, New Zealand
- The Canadian Government has a 2 phase plan to put a plan of action into place (preliminary draft)
Revising and validation of draft (2022-2023)
Historical impacts
- The first residential school in Canada opened in Brantford Ontario 1831
- The kamloops residential school opened May 19, 1890
- The british north american act 1867
- Indian Act 1876 (still used today)
- Attendance to residential school became mandatory in 1920
- Remains of missing indigenous children Found on school grounds May 27th, 2021
Cultural Safety:
- All healthcare providers need to understand, acknowledge, and respect cultural differences in clients and be able
to form respectful and supportive relationships. - Understanding cultural differences is Key for safe, ethical, and competent care
Health
Is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not just the absence of disease or infirmity
Illness
- The human experience of symptoms and suffering
- subjective loss of health abnormal process &/or a state where the condition and function of a person is diminished or impaired
Bias
The negative evaluation of one group and it’s members relative to another. Implicit stereotypes and prejudices
Assumptions
A statement that is taken for granted or considered true, even thought it may not have been scientifically tested
Stereotyping
making a judgement about an individual that is influenced by a mental state associating members of a group, to which that individual is perceived as
belonging, more strongly than members of other groups with praticular traits.
Three approaches
- Medical/Biomedical approach:
Emphasized that medical intervention restores health. curative. e.g., medication casts for broken bones - Behavioural/Lifestyle:
places responsibility on the individual and emphasized health promotion strategies and education. (modify the behavior and the problem will resolve) - Socio-environmental:
Human health is closely tied to its environment and social structures. (e.g., poverty, secondhand smoke, water quality.) Fix the environment and the problem will be solved
Hughner and kleine article: Views or health in the sector.
The article discusses the way lay people think aboot health and wellness and how it affects their behaviours. (May health worldviews) they identified 18 themes which fall into 4 categories
(1) definitions of health
(2), explanations for health,
(3) external and /or uncontrollable Factors impining on health,
(4) the place health occupies in peoples lives
-The lay sector comprises, wellness, activities performed in the family and community.
- Popular (lay) healthworldviews are not watered down versions of scientific understandings of health. They are complex interweaving of information drawn From dirferent sources including lay Knowledge, folk-beliefs, experiences, religeous and spiritual practices, and philosophy
Ottawa charter
The Ottawa charter is a global heath milestone that is a major reference for health promotion. Outlines Five components of health promotion and three strategies
Five action areas
1. Building healthy public policy (eg, seat belts):
2. Creating supportive environments (eg., healthy workplaces):
3. Strengthening community, action leg, community Kitchens):
4. Developing personal skills (eg, stop smoking programs):
5. Reorienting health services (eg, online education, teaching)
3 strategies
- enable
- mediate
- advocate
Prerequisites of health
As outlined in the Ottawa charter For health promotion (1986) these are:
1. Peace,
2. income,
3. Shelter,
4. A slable ecosystem,
5. education,
6. Sustainable resources,
7. Food,
8. Social justice and equity.
- Improvement in health requires a secure Foundation in these basic pre-requisites.
Social determinants of health
The social determinants of health are the non-medical Factors that influence health outcomes. They are the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age. The SDG have important influene on health inequities the unfair and avoidable differences in health status within and between countries.
Examples of SDH
1: Income and social protection
2. Education
3. Unemployment and job security
4. Working life conditions
5: Food insecurity.
6. Housing, basic amenities and the environment
7. Early childhood development
8. Social inclusion and non-discrimination
a: structural conflict.
10. Access to affordable health services of decent quality
Indigenous health key points
- Aboriginal approaches to health are often rooted in holistic conception of well being involving , a healthy balance of four elements or aspects of wellness: physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual.
- Ways of Knowing existed pre European arrival
- Continue to show a disproportionate burden or disease or health disparities. often rooted in health inequities (colonialism, structural violence, marginalization).
