Final Flashcards
What does the 4th of July represent to Douglas’ Audience?
He is suggesting he is the same body-politic but he does not subscribe to the Nation or government as it is. The 4th of July does not represent black people’s freedom.
What does Douglas say are the fruits of the founding fathers’ success?
The fruits of their success are the preamble which is the contract and Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness
What is Douglas arguing?
He is saying that black people have nothing to celebrate on the Fourth of July and when others have these celebrations they think back to their ancestors who were enslaved during the founding
When does Douglas think revolutions are warranted?
He thinks revolutions are warranted when there are things to be fought for. Not only for changes to be made, but especially when things have been guaranteed and are not being followed through with.
What are Social Ends?
Social ends are goals that come from government. Racial equality, life, liberty, pursuit of happiness, general welfare, common defense, etc.
How are social ends guaranteed in the Declaration of Independence?
As citizens we are granted safety, happiness, life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness in exchange for consent to government and obedience therein (Social Contract)
Do welfare and liberty ever conflict?
Yes, liberty can be hindered to protect welfare interests. Banned books, Gun control, patriot act, etc.
What is the Harm Principle according to the Mills?
The harm principle states that if the government forces to do something against their will it must be to prevent harm.
What is the tyranny of the majority?
When the prevailing opinion and feeling infringes on rights of others. Refers to things other than governmental penalties. Think woke and cancel culture.
What do the Mills think about harm to self?
The Mills say harm to oneself is justified until these actions harm others. If these actions start harming others, the government can infringe on the liberty of the person doing the harm.
What do the Mills say about life plans and liberty?
A person is allowed to harm themselves because the things they value may be different than the person who is implementing the law. The government should let them do as they please in order to prevent complete control. There should be diversity and different opinions when it comes to lives. Liberty is not about control.
Moral v. Legal Reprobation
People are allowed to voice their opinion to others of why they think they are doing bad things, but they cannot restrain him from doing what he wants unless he is harming others.
What counts as harm to others?
A person cannot only directly harm themselves without also harming others due to the nature of human relationships and people not being solely single beings
What is paternalism?
Caring for people who are unwilling to care for themselves: The government telling others what is good for them without giving them a choice to do otherwise
What would Mills say about hate speech?
Mills gives two reasons for why all kinds of speech should be protected.
1. People will find out that the things being said are in fact truth
2. Or, the lies will force truth-seekers to have stronger arguments as to why they are right and the liars are wrong
He would say that hate speech should be protected in order to satisfy the second prong of his thoughts on free speech
What is the nature argument?
The nature argument is that there a differences in the sexes by nature dictating their roles in society
What is HTM’s response to the nature argument?
Her response to the nature argument is that she doesn’t not think that the role sexes play in society is a truth in nature, it is formed in societies
What is the women’s consent argument?
The women’s consent argument states that women willingly consent to be in a subservient role, HTM agrees with this, but has her reasons
What is HTM’s reasoning for the women’s consent argument?
HTM says that all of women’s education has led the to believe they deserve to be in the subservient role. This can be brainwashing, control, etc.
What is the fitness to political life argument?
This argument states that public and private life are two different realms. The are distinctions made by the government to form factions where subordinate people (women) are private and people who are in the public sphere have power and rights (men at the time)
What is HTM’s response to the fitness argument?
HTM says society should let competition decide who is best and suited for the public sphere
What is the test for pornography as subordination?
The pornography must display characters that are not equals. Relationships such as prisoner/guard, teacher/student, boss/worker, etc define subordinate relations.
What is the legal argument of the Ordinance?
Even if someone was not physically harmed in the making of pornography, the act of women being subordinate in porn is sexual discrimination and harms women; more than just women who are in porn (All women & people)
What is the harm claim in the Ordinance?
Porn that depicts people in subordinate relationships, tends to harm the people that are seen as subordinate in society
What would Mill’s harm principle tell us to do about the harm caused by porn?
Mill’s Harm Principle would dictate that if porn is harming others then the government should step in and do something about it. He would say porn should not continue if it is harming others.
What is political economy?
Marx defines the political economy as capitalism basically. He has. negative connotation of political economy. This would be economy that is not separated from the politics and money.
How is labor alienated from the product?
The laborer does not own the products in the way Locke describes. Someone else is forcing the laborer to make products instead of the laborer making products for himself and of his own will
How is labor alienated from the activity of labor
A person is subjugating their own will to the labor out of necessity and need. Marx would say even if someone enjoys and takes pride in their work, that they are delusional and only find joy because they need to in order to not become depressed
How is labor alienate from the species being?
Marx says consciousness is what sets humans apart from other animals. Other animals can be satisfied by their animal necessities being met, but humans will not be satisfied until their conscious is satisfied and not bored. Laborers can put their own things on their own products, but when forced to labor for others the special spins and essence from the human species can and will be removed so that the product can no longer be identifies to the laborer.
How is labor alienated from man
The idea of capitalists owning the laborer so therefore the laborer does not own himself when he is producing things
