FINAL Flashcards
define child abuse
intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causing/creating harm to a child
what impact did the medical community recognizing child maltx have
able to point out and figure out patterns of abuse
CAPTA 1974
mandated reporting of child maltx
funds be provided for research
trainings
provisions for the treatment of child abuse and neglect
give a definition
CAPTA definition of maltx and sexual abuse
any recent act or failure to act on the part of a caretaker or parent, which results in serious harm of any kind, sexual abuse or exploitation, or any act of failure to act which presents an imminent risk of harm
define and describe physical abuse
nonaccidental injury
punching, kicking, biting, bruising, etc
define and describe sexual abuse
forcing a child to engage in sexual ways for any reason
rape, incest, molestation, prostitution
define and describe neglect
failure to provide for a child’d needs
physical, medical, edu, emotional, mental health
define and describe emotional abuse
pattern of psychically destructive behavior, including rejecting, isolating, terrorizing
injury to the psychological capacity or emotional stability of a child
BASER model and when to use it
during a disclosure
b: believe the kid
a affirm the disclosure
s support the kid
e empower the kid
r report the case
who is a mandated reporter vs a permissive one? how does it differ state to state
varies from state to state because there isn’t a universally accepted list of people who are required to report
mandated: anyone who encounters kids during a job, employment, and practice through a regularly scheduled activity; anyone who is directly responsible for the care, guidance, supervision, or training of the kid
permissive: anyone who isn’t mandated and voluntarily reports
Interpret the response to child maltreatment following a report of alleged maltreatment.
An investigation is launched and cross-reporting begins between cps, law enforcement, legal counsel, medical professionals, mental health providers, victim advocate, advocacy center, forensic interviewers
Evaluate the purpose and function of a Multidisciplinary Team.
They create an approach that facilitates efficient interagency communication and info sharing, ongoing involvement of key people, and support for kids and their families
Justify the importance of child forensic interviews and explain how they are offered and conducted.
They help to get an accurate official statement and support fair decision-making by the professionals involved
They are offered in phases: 1: pre-substantive phase, substantive phase, closure/neutral topic
Define culture and ethnicity.
Culture: defines what is natural and expected in a given group
Ethnicity: what sets groups apart from each other, what gives us a sense of “us” and “them”
Identify the role culture plays in the disciplining of children in the child’s home and school.
Each culture has its own set of norms and values, which includes punishment in whatever setting. For some cultures, whoopings are an accepted form of punishment and in others, it’s considered abuse. Each culture is made up differently therefore there are gonna be different roles at play
Explain how culture impacts the response to child maltreatment.
Defines who does what when it comes to maltreatment. In some cultures, things like physical punishment are normal and part of daily life
Define and explain the importance of cultural competency and its practice within the professional response to child maltreatment.
The ability to understand, communicate with and effectively interact w people across cultures
Without it, professionals might be seeing something as maltx when it’s a cultural norm
Evaluate how the data gathered through research informs one’s understanding of racial disparities and disproportionalities present themselves within the decision points of child maltreatment.
Disparities: unequal outcomes of one racial or ethnic group as compared to outcomes for another group
Disproportionalities: the underrep or overrep of a racial or ethnic group compared to its percentage in total pop
- Show in referrals, investigations, substantiation, removals, foster care placement, treatment services
Interpret the difference between prevalence and incidence and why it’s important to know the difference in child maltreatment.
Prevalence: total number of cases in a population at a particular point in time
Incidence: number of new cases within a specific period of time
Distinguish how the varying definitions can have an impact on the statistics
Seeing as though there is no set universal standard for definitions, what’s considered abuse in one place might not be in another, which affects the reported numbers
Define risk factors and protective factors as they relate to child maltreatment.
Risk: characteristics at the biological, psychological, family, community, or cultural level that are associated with a higher likelihood of negative outcomes
Protective: positive individual-level assets or external resources that can promote healthy development in the face of risk
Classify what risk factors may lead to a child experiencing child maltreatment.
Parent: has a history of own child maltx, substance abuse/mental health issues, parental lack of understanding of kid’s needs, etc
Kid: health problems, developmental delays, rebellious adolescent, etc
Family: social isolation, family stress, divorce, violence of any kind, etc
Community: violence, poor social connections
Apply Belsky’s (1984) three theoretical models to understand the cause of child abuse.
Model 1: psychiatric model: factors within the individual perp who are response
Model 2: sociological model: forces within society instead of the individual
Model 3: child-caregiver model
Belsky argues that abuse is the small section where all the models overlap
Identify the grooming techniques of a perpetrator.
Self-grooming: justifying or denying their behavior
Grooming environment and signif others: necessary to gain access to the child; offender must gain parental trust long before any abuse occurs
Grooming the kid: physical and or psychological grooming
Identify the overall legal process from a child welfare/protective service perspective.
Initial hearing/adjudication (fact-finding) hearing / dispositional hearing / periodic review hearings / permanent hearing/termination of parental rights
Identify the overall legal process from a criminal law perspective and clarify how it differs from that of CPS proceedings.
As it pertains to the criminal prosecution of child abuse offenders
Arrest/prelim arraignment/prelim hearing / formal arraignment/trial/sentencing
Identify the different types of courts and their purpose in seeking protection, permanency, and well-being.
Criminal court: holds offender(s) accountable
Juvenile and fam court / civil system: decide questions such as whether or not a child was abused/neglected, who should provide temp care, who should receive permanent custody
different types of stress
Positive stress: moderate, short-lived, normal/essential
Tolerable stress: serious, temporary; the brain and other organs recover from what might otherwise be damaging effects
toxic/chronic: strong, frequent, prolonged adversity, absence of a protective relationship
Examine the impact of adverse childhood experiences. Describe the importance of adverse childhood experiences on the developing child and their long-term health outcomes.
Aces alter brain development and change how the body reacts to things like stress
Alters how the body reacts. Aces begin at birth, and can determine how long life is, as well as what health problems you run into that you can’t get over
Delineate the categories of adverse childhood experiences.
Abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction
Summarize the impact of trauma on a child and how the trauma can literally get under the skin changing the way in which one’s DNA is read and transcribed.
Telomeres are in our DNA. when stressed or going through something traumatic, they shorten and each time they do, their life span shortens. When they replicate, they replicate at the length they currently are at, so it gets passed down
what is incest
sexual relationships of any kind between relatives
what are the long term consequences of neglect
non-organic failure to thrive syndrome, trust and anger issues, substance abuse, physical problems, mental health disorders, low academic performance, etc
long term consequences of physical abuse
serotonin and dopamine levels changed, trust issues, intimacy issues, coping skills, low self-esteem. etc
long term consequences of sexual abuse
mental health disorders, regression, substance abuse, powerlessness, over-sexualization, self-image issues, etc
long term consequences of exposure to IV / DV
increase in substances, physical and mental health probs, aggressive behaviors, learning difficulties, suicidal thoughts, partner choice, etc
Be able to identify and define what is verbal inaccessibility. This is discussed in both the reading and lecture. Which type of maltreatment is this often associated with long-term impact?
Inability to effectively communicate
Consequences of neglect
the four dimensions are in Finkelhor’s Four Developmental Dimensions Model
Appraisals: kids at diff stages appraise victimization differently and tend to form diff expectations based on those appraisals’
developmental tasks: kids at diff stages have different developments. Tasks in which appraisals will be applied
coping strats: kids at diff stages of development have different repertoires of strategies with which they respond to the stress and conflict produced by victimization
environmental buffers: kids at different stages of development operate in different social and family contexts, which can alter how the victimization affects them
What does Finkelhor’s Four Developmental Dimensions Model help explain?
the different types of victimization
4 stages in the cycle of violence
abuse, denial, honeymoon phase, tension building
What are the different ways in which one can use power and control in interpersonal violence relationships? (Power and Control Wheel shared by Becca.)
coercion and threats, emotional abuse, isolation, intimidation, minimize/deny/blame, use tech, economic abuse, gender privilege
what % of college students are unaware of being in an abusive relationship
70%
Caplan’s three categories for his Prevention Framework.
Primary: targets people who don’t show signs of the problem/disorder
Secondary: identify people who are at risk for developing problems/disorder
Tertiary: stop it from recurring, manage illness, coping
Gordon’s three categories for his Prevention Framework.
Universal: offered to full pop, based on evidence that likely provides some benefit to all
Selective: targeted to specific subpopulations identified as being at elevated risk
Indicated: targeted to individuals identified as having an increased vulnerability for a disorder based on some individual assessment but who are currently asymptomatic
Apply the two different prevention frameworks
Caplan is for deciding what stage of prevention is needed
Gordons is for deciding on what part of the population is getting the prevention
What is the difference between treatment and prevention?
Treatment is during, prevention is before or after
What is the purpose of prevention efforts?
Want to maximize protective factors and minimize risk factors
What are in-home services designed to do?
Find the right combo of services and support to meet the specific needs of each family
In what ways can in-home services be initiated?
Voluntary: family members have agreed to participate on their own accord
Court-ordered: a judge has mandated a family’s participation
Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act 1974
required states to create child welfare plans
Indian Child Welfare Act 1978
To establish standards for the placement of Indian children in foster adoptive homes and to prevent the breakup of Indian families
Adoption assistance and child welfare act 1980
Getting kids into permanent living arrangements as fast as possible - through permanency planning
Family preservation and support service program act 1993
To authorize funding for the family preservation and support services program through the fiscal year 1998
Adoption and safe families act 1997
To promote the adoption of kids in foster care and amend title IV-E of the social security act
Foster care independence act 1999
Enhance the youth’s ability to successfully transition to independent adult living
Fostering connections to success and increasing adoption act 2008
Transition successfully to independent living
Family first act 2018
Support prevention services, provide support for kinship caregivers, establish reqs for placement in residential treatment programs and improves quality and oversight of services, improve services to older youth
What are the various types of out-of-home placement options? How do these out-of-home placement options differ?
kinship/relative foster care: a licensed or unlicensed home of the kid’s relatives regarded by the agency as a foster care living arrangement for the kid
Foster care: 24 hr substitute care for children placed away from their parents or guardians and for whom the agency has placement and care responsibilities
Group home: licensed or approved home providing 24 hr care for kids in a small group setting that generally has 7-12 kids
independent living: an alt-living arrangement where the child is under the supervision of the agency and receives financial support and responsibility for self-care without the 24-hour supervision
What is case management? How is it offered?
The ongoing work with families during which goals are made and reviewed, plans are set into place, and services are provided to help a fam, progress monitored
Home visits, arranged parent visits, the school calls to arrange learning probs, emotional support, etc
What is treatment vs. prevention?
Prevention: services are offered to the general pop or to people who are identified as being at risk for a disorder; services are expected to reduce the likelihood of future disorder
Treatment: people are identified as currently suffering from a recognizable disorder, and enter treatment w the expectation of receiving some form of relief from the disorder
What is countertransference and why is it important for people in the helping profession to know and understand it?
Workers’ reaction to clients brought by worker’s past life experiences
If you make the wrong face or react in an unexpected way/opposite how the client wanted you to, the client could shut down and not offer anything else and want to stop the treatment
Know what the Child Family Traumatic Stress Intervention is and what it is working to prevent and how it is offered.
A four-session caregiver-kid early intervention and secondary prevention model
Works to prevent chronic PTSD
What are the key risk factors identified by the Child Family Traumatic Stress Inventory?
poor social or familial support and poor coping skills
what is it? Alternatives for Families: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
5 yrs old to 17 yrs old
Developed to address family probs ranging from aggressive to hostile behaviors
Targets: strengths and strains by tailoring the intervention to the needs of the kid, caregiver, and fam
Types of trauma: emotional and or physical
alternatives acronym
A (alliance building),
L (learning ab feelings and fam experiences)
T (talking about fam experiences and psychoedu)
E (emotional regulation)
R (restructuring thoughts)
N (Noticing positive behavior)
A (assertiveness and social skills)
T (techniques for managing behavior)
I (imaginal exposure)
V (verbalizing healthy communication)
E (enhancing safety throgh communication)
S (solving family probs)
Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
3 yr old to 21 yr old showing signs of ptsd bc of childhood trauma
Treatment: PRACTICE
P (psychoedu and parenting skills)
R (relaxation techniques)
A (affective expression and regulation)
C (cognitive coping and processing)
T (trauma narrative and processing)
I (in vivo (in life) exposure)
C (conjoint parent/kid sessions)
E (enhancing personal safety and future growth)
How do we know if a treatment is evidence-based? What are the components the scientific community will be looking for?
Have shown greater benefit to participants compared to other conditions
Target a specific clinical problem or disorder, focused, directive, goal-oriented, typically short-term, well-developed eval process
What are the three notable characteristics in diagnosing non-organic failure to thrive in children?
delayed motor skills, lack of weight gain
Discern the role and responsibility of a mental health provider in response to child maltreatment.
Ensure assessments and treatment and any related services are offered routinely
Provide for the child and their family’s treatment needs, provide insight to the prosecutor
Identify and describe the role of the victim advocate in response to child maltreatment.
Trained to support and empower the kid and non-offending parent identified as victims
Trauma-informed services
Delineate the difference between acute and non-acute medical examinations.
Acute: time limit (assault victim)
Non-acute: no time limit
Explain the purpose and function of a Children’s Advocacy Center
to provide a child-friendly, home-like environment designed to meet an abused kids need for warmth, support, and protection
