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Pharm > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Serotonin Antagonist

A

Anti emetic
Ondasetron
AE: QT prolongation , GI: diarrhea, Brain: headache, dizziness

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2
Q

Dopamine Antagonist

A

Antiemetic
Phenothiazine, Promethazine, Prochlorperazine
AE: EPS, anticholinergic, sedation.
Promethazine boxed: extravasation (dilute, IVPB), respiratory depression in peds

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3
Q

Dopamine Antagonist- prokinetic

A

Antiemetic [gastroporesis, NV, GERD]
Metoclopramide
AE: EPS (Tardive dyskinesia), diarrhea, cramping
CI: bowel obstruction , GI perforation and hemorrhage

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4
Q

Cannabinoids

A

Anti emetic [CINV, appetite stimulant]
Dronabinol
AE: sedation, euphoria, dysphoria, hallucination, anxiety, tachycardia, palpitation

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5
Q

Anticholinergics

A

Anti emetic [motion sickness, post op NV, pre op increase saliva]
Scopolamine Patch
AE: Anticholinergic toxidrome, metal in patch, sedation
CI: BPH, glaucoma
Admin: 4 hrs prior , change every 3 days

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6
Q

1st gen antihistamine

A

Anti emetic [ motion sickness, vertigo , NV]
meclizine, hydroxyzine, dimenhydrinate, doxylamine
AE: sedation , anticholinergic

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7
Q

Antihistamine + Water Soluble Vitamin

A

Anti emetic [morning sickness]
Doxylamine + Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
Diclegis
AE: antihistamine effects

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8
Q

Herbal

A

Anti emetic

Ginger

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9
Q

Anthracycline

A

Doxorubicin

  • cardiotoxic
  • ruby red bodily fluids
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10
Q

Vinca alkaloids

A

Vincristine
-Peripheral neuropathy: decreased reflexes, weakness, sensory loss, paresthesia, autonomic nerve damage: constipation, urinary retention

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11
Q

Nitrogen Mustard

A

Cyclophosphamide

  • acute hemorrhagic cystitis: increase fluid to 3L, watch out for electrolyte imbalance (hyperkalemia)
  • Mesna: given in combination to protect bladder
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12
Q

Platinum compound

A

Cisplatin

-highly emetogenic, paresthesias, ototoxic, nephrotoxic

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13
Q

Antimetabolites/ DMARD

A

Methotrexate
Used to treat: solid tumors, lymphomas, leukemia, RA, ectopic pregnancy
-tumor lysis: nephrotoxic - BUN, SCr, Uric acid- allopurinol, stay hydrated
Hepatotoxic
SCAR (SJS/ TEN)
Photosensitivity + Protect from sunlight
Pregnancy category X

Drug Drug: increased effects- NSAIDS, ABx

Antidote: Leucovorin (folic acid analog) - save good cells

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14
Q

DMARD Biologic

A

Adalimumab (Humira), Infliximab (remicade)

Used to treat: RA, IBD: crohn’s, ulcerative colitis
AE: injection/ infusion reactions, infections: fungal, atypical bacteria (TB), malignancy (s/s: splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, weight loss, fever), blood dyscrasia (aplastic anemia, pancytopenia), liver injury, **heart failure((, hypersensitivity
Nursing: check for TB/ HBV

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15
Q

Traditional DMARD/ immunosuppressant

A

Cyclosporine, Mycophenolate, Tacrolimus
Used to treat: RA, transplants, ulcerative colitis
AE: LIFE
L-lifelong therapy
I- immunosuppressed (infection, malignancy)
F- frequent monitoring of liver, kidneys, BP, drug levels
E- electrolyte abnormalities (hyperkalemia)

**immunosuppression/ malignancy, HTN, Nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, electrolyte abnormalities, narrow therapeutic. Cyclosporine= hirsutism, gingival hyperplasia)

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16
Q

Hypothyroidism drugs

A

Levothyroxine (T4)
used to treat: hypo, myxedema coma
AE: over dose –> hyperthyroidism –> HEART
Drug interactions: antacids, cations, bile acid sequestrant, sympathomimetic drugs, increases effects of warfarin

other hypothyroidism: Liothyronine (T3), Desiccated animal thyroid

17
Q

Hyperthyroidism Drugs

A

Methimazole + Propylthiouracil (PTU)

used to treat: hyperthyroidism, graves, thyroid storm
AE: liver and bone marrow suppression, agranulocytosis
PTU boxed warning: hepatotoxicity
Nursing: avoid iodine foods, monitor bone marrow suppression fever, sore throat, lesions, monitor liver

18
Q

Glucocorticoid

A

Adrenal drugs
Prednisone, methylprednisolone, hydrocortisone
AE: CUSHINGOID, STEROID
elctrolytes: decreased potassium, increased sodium + water, hyperglycemia, increased cholesterol, increased WBC

19
Q

Rapid Acting Insulin

A 
insulin lispro (humalog)
insulin aspart (novolog)
glulisine (apidra)
Onset: 15-30 min
Peak: 0.5-2.5 hrs
Duration: 3-6 hrs
20
Q

Regular acting insulin

A

Regular insulin: Humulin R, Novolin R
Onset: 0.5-1 hr
Peak: 1-5 hrs
DurationL 6-10 hrs

21
Q

Intermediate Acting Insulin

A

NPH Insulin: Humulin N, Novolin N
Onset: 1-2 hr
Peak: 6-14 hr
DurationL 16-24 hr

22
Q

Long acting insulin

A 
Insulin glargine ( Lantus)
Insuline Detemir (Levemir)
Onset: 70 min
Peak: none
durationL 24 hr
23
Q

Biguanides

A

Metformin
AE: NV –> decreased B12 and folic acid absorption, lactic acidosis
Drug drug: contrast dye (hold metformin for 48 hrs after), alcohol (prevents break down of lactic acid)

24
Q

Sulfonylureas (2nd gen)

A

glipizide, glyburide, glimepiride
AE: hypoglycemia, weight gain, sulfa allergy + photosensitivity, disulfiram like rx with alcohol (and alcohol increases hypoglycemic risk)

Pharm (3 decks)

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