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Bio 241 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What size of organisms spends their energy more efficiently?

A

Bigger organisms spend energy more efficiently

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2
Q

Match the following in terms of energy usage per gram per year
60kg Human 680kj/gram year
0.025kg Mouse 85kj/gram year
4kg Snake 55kJ/gram year

A

60Kg Human uses 55kj/gram year
0.025kG Mouse uses 680kj/gram year
4kg Snake uses 85 Kj / gram year

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3
Q

When it is said surface area what does it mean?

A

Skin

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4
Q

When it is said volume area what does it mean?

A

Mass

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5
Q

Describe the relation between surface area and mass in a mammal

A

Isometric / Proportional

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6
Q

How is a small surface area to volume ratio disadvantageous for a large organism?

A
  • nutrient exchange and energy generation ( Energy expensive )
  • Large/long highly branched circulatory/digestive system
  • Heat loss is slow (their body temperature can increase to an intolerable level
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7
Q

How is a small surface area to volume ratio advantageous for a large organism?

A

heat retention - Heat is generated by our volume

- Heat is lost through surface area (skin)

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8
Q

When both dimensions remain proportional after the log formation what is the relation called

A

Isometry

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9
Q

What is Hyperallometry? What is the predicted slope?

A

Positive Allometry
As one dimension increases, the other dimension increases to a greater proportion Slope >1

example: the size of the fiddler crab chela increase to a greater proportion to the size of the organism

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10
Q

What is negative Allometry? What is the slope

A

Hypoallometry Slope <1
As one dimension increases, the other dimension increases to a lesser proportion

example: thee size of the human head increase to a lesser proportion than the size of the body

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11
Q

When a bird goes from eating mostly roots and barriers during the winter to eating meat and insects what will occur in to the intestine length over the summer?

A

Intestine length will decrease during the summer

Since higher quality food has less retention time

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12
Q

What is RMR?

A

Resting metabolic rate

Endotherms that are thermoregulating

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13
Q

What is BMR

A

Basal Metabolic rate

Endotherms minus thermoregulation

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14
Q

What is SMR

A

Standard Metabolic Rate

Ectotherms (never thermoregulated)

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15
Q

What is FMR

A

Field Metabolic Rate

Measured Outside

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16
Q

Between and Ectotherm and Endotherm of the same mass which one will have a lower metabolic rate?

A

Ectotherms will always have a lower metabolic rate when the same mass

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17
Q

Which one will have a lower resting metabolic rate a mouse or an elephant?

A

A mouse

18
Q

Which one has a lower mass-specific resting metabolic rate ? A mouse or a elephant ?

A

An elephant has a lower mass specific RMR

19
Q

How do you convert absolute to mass specific RMR?

A

Calculate the slipe and subtract 1

20
Q

How do you convert from mass specific to absolute RMR

A

Add 1 to slope

21
Q

What is Homeostasis

A

The regulation of an internal environment in the face of change in the external environment

22
Q

What is a negative feedback mechanism?

A

a change in variable under homeostasis control that triggers a response that opposes the change

23
Q

What is a positive Feedback mechanism ?

A

A change in variable under homeostatic control that triggers a response that amplifies the change

24
Q

What is a Homeotherm

A

An organism that maintains Tb independent of Ta

25
Q

What is a heterotherem

A

Tb fluctuates dependant on Ta

26
Q

What is an endotherm?

A

An endotherm that controls its Tb by metabolism

27
Q

What is an endotherm?

A

An endotherm that controls its Tb by metabolism

28
Q

What is an ectotherm?

A

And ectotherm regulates Tb from an outside source

29
Q

Low conductance of heat is an adaptation for?
Heat loss?
or
Heat Retention?

A

Heat retention

30
Q

High conductance of heat is an adaptation for?
Heat loss?
or
Heat Retention?

A

Heat loss

31
Q

What are the two types of dormancy What are they?

A

Torpor
a 6-8 hr reduction of activity
Body temperature drops by 10 ºC

Hibernation
Tb is almost Ta
There is a massive reduction in MR
“sleeps” for 2 weeks cycles and awake for 2 days

32
Q

When it is Cold does an ectotherm constrict or dilate

A

Dialate - Vasodialation

33
Q

When an endotherm is warm does it vasoconstrict or vasodilate

A

it vasodialates

34
Q

When an endotherm is cold does it vasoconstrict or vasodilate

A

It vasoconstricts

35
Q

When an ectotherm is warm does it vasoconstrict or vasodilate

A

it vasocontricts

36
Q

What is the equation for Eneregy (in)

A

Energy (in) = Energy (assimilation) + Energy (excretion)

37
Q

What is life history trait?

A

A maximisation of lifetime reproductive success

38
Q

What is the difference between determinate growth and indeterminant growth

A

Indeterminant growth : growth continues throughout an organisms lifespan

Determinant growth : Growth ceases when an adult state size is reached

39
Q

If a species breeds once in its life time what is it called

A

Semelparty

40
Q

What is iteroparity

A

When a species can bread multiple times in it’s lifespan

41
Q

What is ecosystem?

A

eco systems are communities of organism interacting with their physical environment under the influence of environmental factors

Bio 241 (1 decks)

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