Final Flashcards
What size of organisms spends their energy more efficiently?
Bigger organisms spend energy more efficiently
Match the following in terms of energy usage per gram per year
60kg Human 680kj/gram year
0.025kg Mouse 85kj/gram year
4kg Snake 55kJ/gram year
60Kg Human uses 55kj/gram year
0.025kG Mouse uses 680kj/gram year
4kg Snake uses 85 Kj / gram year
When it is said surface area what does it mean?
Skin
When it is said volume area what does it mean?
Mass
Describe the relation between surface area and mass in a mammal
Isometric / Proportional
How is a small surface area to volume ratio disadvantageous for a large organism?
- nutrient exchange and energy generation ( Energy expensive )
- Large/long highly branched circulatory/digestive system
- Heat loss is slow (their body temperature can increase to an intolerable level
How is a small surface area to volume ratio advantageous for a large organism?
heat retention - Heat is generated by our volume
- Heat is lost through surface area (skin)
When both dimensions remain proportional after the log formation what is the relation called
Isometry
What is Hyperallometry? What is the predicted slope?
Positive Allometry
As one dimension increases, the other dimension increases to a greater proportion Slope >1
example: the size of the fiddler crab chela increase to a greater proportion to the size of the organism
What is negative Allometry? What is the slope
Hypoallometry Slope <1
As one dimension increases, the other dimension increases to a lesser proportion
example: thee size of the human head increase to a lesser proportion than the size of the body
When a bird goes from eating mostly roots and barriers during the winter to eating meat and insects what will occur in to the intestine length over the summer?
Intestine length will decrease during the summer
Since higher quality food has less retention time
What is RMR?
Resting metabolic rate
Endotherms that are thermoregulating
What is BMR
Basal Metabolic rate
Endotherms minus thermoregulation
What is SMR
Standard Metabolic Rate
Ectotherms (never thermoregulated)
What is FMR
Field Metabolic Rate
Measured Outside
Between and Ectotherm and Endotherm of the same mass which one will have a lower metabolic rate?
Ectotherms will always have a lower metabolic rate when the same mass
Which one will have a lower resting metabolic rate a mouse or an elephant?
A mouse
Which one has a lower mass-specific resting metabolic rate ? A mouse or a elephant ?
An elephant has a lower mass specific RMR
How do you convert absolute to mass specific RMR?
Calculate the slipe and subtract 1
How do you convert from mass specific to absolute RMR
Add 1 to slope
What is Homeostasis
The regulation of an internal environment in the face of change in the external environment
What is a negative feedback mechanism?
a change in variable under homeostasis control that triggers a response that opposes the change
What is a positive Feedback mechanism ?
A change in variable under homeostatic control that triggers a response that amplifies the change
What is a Homeotherm
An organism that maintains Tb independent of Ta
What is a heterotherem
Tb fluctuates dependant on Ta
What is an endotherm?
An endotherm that controls its Tb by metabolism
What is an endotherm?
An endotherm that controls its Tb by metabolism
What is an ectotherm?
And ectotherm regulates Tb from an outside source
Low conductance of heat is an adaptation for?
Heat loss?
or
Heat Retention?
Heat retention
High conductance of heat is an adaptation for?
Heat loss?
or
Heat Retention?
Heat loss
What are the two types of dormancy What are they?
Torpor
a 6-8 hr reduction of activity
Body temperature drops by 10 ºC
Hibernation
Tb is almost Ta
There is a massive reduction in MR
“sleeps” for 2 weeks cycles and awake for 2 days
When it is Cold does an ectotherm constrict or dilate
Dialate - Vasodialation
When an endotherm is warm does it vasoconstrict or vasodilate
it vasodialates
When an endotherm is cold does it vasoconstrict or vasodilate
It vasoconstricts
When an ectotherm is warm does it vasoconstrict or vasodilate
it vasocontricts
What is the equation for Eneregy (in)
Energy (in) = Energy (assimilation) + Energy (excretion)
What is life history trait?
A maximisation of lifetime reproductive success
What is the difference between determinate growth and indeterminant growth
Indeterminant growth : growth continues throughout an organisms lifespan
Determinant growth : Growth ceases when an adult state size is reached
If a species breeds once in its life time what is it called
Semelparty
What is iteroparity
When a species can bread multiple times in it’s lifespan
What is ecosystem?
eco systems are communities of organism interacting with their physical environment under the influence of environmental factors
