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Compounding > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Two phase systems in which on liquid is dispersed throughout the other in the form of small droplets

A

Emulsion

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2
Q

Migration (surfacing or settling) of droplets

A

Creaming

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3
Q

Merging of droplets, separation of phases

A

Cracking (coalescence)

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4
Q

Continuous phase

A

External Phase

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5
Q

Discontinuous phase

A

Internal Phase

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6
Q

Where does flavoring go?

A

External Phase

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7
Q

Where does drug go?

A

Internal Phase

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8
Q

Internal medication should be made as a _____ emulsion

A

oil in water

OWI

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9
Q

External medication should be made as a ______ emulsion

A

water in oil

WOE

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10
Q

Micelles form which type of emulsion

A

oil in water

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11
Q

Soaps form which type of emulsion

A

water in oil

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12
Q

Non emulsion drug in oil

A

Progesterone

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13
Q

Gums form which type of emulsion

A

oil in water

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14
Q

Oleic acid form which type of emulsion

A

water in oil

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15
Q

Surfactants have

____ viscosity

A

low

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16
Q

HLB index for water in oil emulsions

A

1-9

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17
Q

HLB index for oil in water emulsions

A

9-20

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18
Q

Surfactant should be 15% w/v of ____ phase

A

internal

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19
Q

Peripheral access devices

A

Butterflies
Angio catheters
Midlines
Subcutaneous catheters

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20
Q

SASH flushing

A

Central lines

Implantable ports

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21
Q

SAS flushinng

A

Peripheral lines

Positive pressure caps

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22
Q

Choice of venous access device

A 
Patient location
Duration / Type of therapy
Method of insertion
Drug characteristics
Maintenance of line
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23
Q

TPN indivations

A

Intractable vomiting
Diarrhea
Bowel obstruction
Bowel rest

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24
Q

TPN components

A 
Amino acid 
Dextrose
Lipid
Condiments (vitamins, trace metals, electrolytes)
Water
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25
Q

Additional additives in TPN

A

Vitamin K
Insulin
Trace Metals
Multivitamins

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26
Q

1 oz in grams

A

28.35 g

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27
Q

1 apothecary oz in grams

A

31.1 g

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28
Q

1 fl. oz in grams

A

29.57 ml

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29
Q

1 g in grains

A

15.43 grains

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30
Q

1 kg in lbs

A

2.205 lbs

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31
Q

1 inch in cm

A

2.54 cm

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32
Q

1 gallon in oz

A

128 oz

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33
Q

1 gallon in cups

A

16 cups

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34
Q

1 cup in oz

A

8 oz

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35
Q

Liquids combining with insoluble powders

A

Levigate

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36
Q

Physical and/or chemical modification of a substance resulting in a drug/dosage form which is suitable for administration to a patient

A

Compounding

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37
Q

Reasons for compounding

A

Drug or dosage form not commercially available
Dose unavailable
Patient comfort and compliance

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38
Q

Compounding pursuant to a specific patient, for a specific prescription, for 1 dispensing of the prescription

A

Extemporaneous compounding

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39
Q

Compounding ahead of time in anticipation of outstanding refills or unfilled orals rx’s

A

Batching

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40
Q

Compounding for long term inventory and sale, special law, inspection, industrial regulation

A

Manufacturing

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41
Q

Extent to which a rx preparation remains within specified limits in terms of chemical composition, physical composition, microbiologic activity

A

Stability

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42
Q

Drugs the need to be refined

A

Salicylic acid
Calamine
Zinc oxide
Sulfur ppt

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43
Q

Mass of powders to be mixed differ by a factor greater than 3

A

Geometric trituration

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44
Q

Contain waters of hydration

A

Efflorescent powders

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45
Q

Subject to moisturization from ambient humidity

A

Hygroscopic powders

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46
Q

Hygroscopic but will dissolve forming an water solution

A

Deliquescent powders

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47
Q

Combination of two or more substances with lower melting point together than alone

A

Eutectics

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48
Q

How to find sensitivity

A

M = S/A

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49
Q

Amount of alcohol allowed for children < 6

A

0.5%

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50
Q

Amount of alcohol allowed for children 6-12

A

5%

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51
Q

Amount of alcohol allowed for children < 12

A

10%

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52
Q

20% rule

A

Must use 20% of device for accurate measurement

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53
Q

Suspensions can be given IV

True or False

A

False

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54
Q 
Suspensions are 
\_\_\_ stable 
\_\_\_ concentration
\_\_\_ alcohol
compared to solutions
A

more stable
higher concentrations
no alcohol

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55
Q

Ratio strength

1:10

A

1 part drug for 10 total parts

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56
Q

Part strength

1:10

A

1 part drug for 10 parts of another drug

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57
Q

Sedimentation rate
____ particle size
____ particle density
____ suspension viscosity

A

directly
directly
indirectly viscosity

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58
Q

10% rule

A

If inserting more than 10% of bags volume need to withdraw fluid first

59
Q

Semi solid preparation intended for external application to the skin or mucous membranes

A

Ointments

60
Q

The process of combining semi solid masses

A

Incorporation

61
Q

Levigating agents

A

Low molecular weight version of the base or a low viscosity agent compatible with th base

62
Q

Solubilization agents should be

A

compatible with base

facilitate compounding with efficiency

63
Q

Semi solid dosage form containing one or more drug substances dissolved or dispersed in a suitable base

A

Creams

64
Q

Semi solid systems containing of either suspensions made up of small inorganic particles or large organic molecules interpenetrated by a liquid

A

Gels

65
Q

Semi solid dosage forms the contain one or more drug substances intended for topical application, high viscosity, with >20% w/v of powder

A

Pastes

66
Q

Ideal ointment

A

Spreads easily, compatible with tissues, stable

67
Q

Types of ointment bases

A 
Hydrocarbon/Oleaginous
Anhydrous absorption
Water in oil emulsion
Oil in water emulsion
Water soluble
68
Q

Hydrocarbon/Oleaginous

properties

A 
Water insoluble 
Not water washable 
Anhydrous
Does not absorb water
Emollient
Occlusive 
Greasy
69
Q

Anhydrous Absorption

properties

A 
Water insoluble 
Not water washable 
Anhydrous
Absorbs water
Emollient
Occlusive 
Greasy
70
Q

Water in oil emulsion

properties

A 
Water insoluble 
Not water washable 
Not Anhydrous
Absorbs water ~
Emollient
Occlusive 
Greasy
71
Q

Oil in water emulsion

A 
Water insoluble 
Water washable 
Not Anhydrous
Absorbs water ~
Not Emollient
Not Occlusive 
Not Greasy
72
Q

Water soluble

properties

A 
Water soluble 
Water washable 
Anhydrous
Absorbs water ~
Not Emollient
Not Occlusive 
Not Greasy
73
Q

Examples of Hydrocarbon/oleaginous

A

Petrolatum
Animal fats / oils
Vegtable oils

74
Q

Examples of Anhydrous

A

Aquaphor
(hydrophilic petrolatum)
Lanolin (Anhydrous)

75
Q

Examples of Oil in Water emulsions

A

Hydrophilic ointment
Vanishing cream
Dermabase

76
Q

Examples of Water in Oil emulsions

A 
Hydrous lanolin 
Cold cream 
Rose water
Eucerin 
Hydrocream
77
Q

Examples of water soluble

A

PEG

78
Q

Suppository size for adults

A

2 grams
13 mm - 7 mm
23 -35 mm length

79
Q

Suppository size for children

A

1 g

pencil shape

80
Q

Ideal base for suppository

A

Stable, non irritating, chemically and physiologically inert, compatible with a variety of drugs, melt or dissolve in rectal fluids

81
Q

Suppository base of choice when not specified

A

PEG

82
Q

Green Soap for

A

Cocoa butter

Fattibase

83
Q

Mineral oil for

A

PEG
Polybase
Glycerin

84
Q

Ways to make suppositories

A

Hand rolling
Compression (inject molding)
Fusion (mold)

85
Q

Compounding considerations for suppositories

A

Avoid water
Density of incorporated materials
Volume contraction
Rate of drug release

86
Q

Suppository

Oil soluble drug with oily base has ___ absorption

A

Slow

87
Q

Suppository

Water soluble drug with oily base has ___ absorption

A

Rapid

88
Q

Suppository

Oil soluble drug with water miscible base has ___ absorption

A

Moderate

89
Q

Suppository

Water soluble drug with water miscible base has ___ absorption

A

Moderate

90
Q

Oily bases will ___

A

Melt

91
Q

Water soluble bases will ___

A

Dissolve

92
Q

Mold calibration value is specific to

A

Mold

Base

93
Q

How to calculate mold calibration

A

Make pure base suppositories
Weight
Divide
To get g/suppository

94
Q

Density factor specific to

A

Base

Drug

95
Q

How to calculate density factor

A 
Pure base suppositories 
Weight
Divide by total
Weight out powder corresponding to 20% of total mass
Remelt and add powder
Recast and weight
96
Q

Density factor relationship

Density of base B

A

Equals

DF of drug x in base A

97
Q

Density factor =

A

drug / base displaced

98
Q

Parenteral products must be sterile

True or false

A

True

99
Q

Sterility means

A

Freedom from all living organisms

An absolute term

100
Q

Types of gloves

A

Latex
Vinyl
Synthetic

101
Q

Gown material

A

Tyvek

102
Q

Horizontal flow hood (LAFS)

A

Air moving towards pharmacist

103
Q

Vertical flow hood (BSC)

A

Air moving toward ground

Better for chemo

104
Q

Disadvantage to hoods

A

False sense of security

105
Q

Lipopolysaccharides, soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvents

A

Pyrogens

106
Q

How to eliminate pyrogens

A

dry heat
chemically
0.22 micron filteer

107
Q

Stability maintenance

A

Antioxidants - metabisulfite and sulfite ions, nitrogen, CO, helium

108
Q

Process of rapid freezing and drying under high vacuum (sublimation) and product is a ry powder

A

Lyophilization

109
Q

Peripheral advantages

A

veins easy to access
drugs can be admin quickly
administration is easy to see

110
Q

Central advantages

A

rapid infusion of large volumes
measure CVP
eliminates repeat peripheral venipuncture

111
Q

Peripheral disadvantages

A

Short term access
immobilization of the limb
less forgiving tonicity extremes

112
Q

Central disadvantages

A

complications
decrease in patient mobility
surgical implant

113
Q

Sterile

H2O insoluble

A

dead organism, parts of dead, metabolic products

114
Q

Sterile

H2O soluble

A

lipopolysaccharides, metabolic products

115
Q

Sterile solids

A

sterile drug

no buffers, no diluents, no added substances

116
Q

Drug for injection

A

contains buffers, diluents, added substances

117
Q

Combination of two or more parenteral dosage forms for administration as a single entity

A

Admixture

118
Q

Ampules

A

Do not require preservatives

Contamination by glass shards

119
Q

Resistance
____ with decreasing tubing diameter
____ with increasing length of tubing

A

Increases

Increases

120
Q

SVP

A

< 150

121
Q

LVP

A

> 150

122
Q

Type I Glass

A 
Borosilicate glass
Resistance to H2O attack
Highly chemically stabile 
Low thermal expansion coefficient
Resistance to thermal shock 
May be sterilized before or after filling
123
Q

Type II Glass

A

Glass is treated with soda lime
Sterilization with dry heat prior to filling is preferred
pH <7
Suitable for solutions, powders, oils

124
Q

Type III Glass

A

Soda lime glass
Sterilization with dry heat prior to filling is required
pH < 7
Suitable for solutions, powders, oils

125
Q

5 micron

A

Most non living

126
Q

1.2 micron

A

filters most non living and candida

127
Q

0.45 micron

A

filters gross particulates, most fungi and bacteria

128
Q

0.22 micron

A

filter all except pyrogens or viruses

129
Q

Hickman

A

requires heparin flush

130
Q

Broviac

A

identical to Hickman, single lumen

131
Q

Groshong

A

silicon rubber, long term CV access, Heparin allergy

132
Q

Port Chamber

A

entire system is beneath skin

133
Q

Type A Cabinet

A

70% back into cabinet

Positive pressure

134
Q

Type B1 Cabinet

A

30% back into cabinet

Negative pressure

135
Q

Type B2 Cabinet

A

100% vented outside

Negative pressure

136
Q

Typ B3 Cabinet

A

70% through HEPA

Negative pressur

137
Q

Organic matrix can be interrupted by

A

heat and alcohol

138
Q

Capacity of eye

A

1 gtt

50 mg

139
Q

Tolerable pH range

A
  1. 5 - 8.5

7. 4

140
Q

Tonicity range

A

200 - 600

277

141
Q

V-value

A

Water to dissolve 300 mg of drug

142
Q

Water freezing point depression

A

1.86 degrees C / M

143
Q

Temperature conversion

A

1.8 C = F - 32

Compounding (1 decks)

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